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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Central Nervous System |
Takes in messages transmitted from PNS and contains the brain and spinal column |
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Peripheral Nervous System |
The connecting parts of the brain; bundles of nerves which relay messages from all parts of the body |
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Neuron |
Cell specifically for communicating between lengths of the nervous system (transmitting nerve impulses) |
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Dendrites |
Branched extensions of the neuron's cell body that receives transmissions and sends synapses through the cell body |
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Cell Body |
Creates proteins for the dendrites, axons and synaptic terminals and stores vital organelles (ER, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, secretory granules, and polysomes) to provide energy to the cell |
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Nucleus |
Stores the genetic information of the cell including genes and synthesizes RNA |
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Nucleolus |
An organelle inside the nucleus that synthesizes ribosomes and transports the cell's RNA to the cytosol |
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Nissl Bodies |
In charge of protein synthesis in the cell (located in the rough ER in the neuron) |
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Axons |
Long slender projections of the nerve cell that are mainly used to send electrical impulses |
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Schwann Cell |
A cell that wraps around the nerve fiber in a myelin sheath |
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Node of Ranvier |
A gap in the myelin sheath where two Schwann cells meet |
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Axon Terminals |
Another branch that extend off terminal branches and are specialized to release different electrical impulses (~10,000 per neuron) |
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Dendritic Spines |
The "spiky ends" on finer dendrites that are more specialized for information collection and transmit electrical signals to the cell body |
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Motor Neurons |
Carry signals from the CNS to the outside of the body and direct the brain to respond to external stimuli |
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Sensory Neurons |
Carry signals from the outside of your body to the CNS and process smells, sounds, and sights in the brain |
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Action Potential |
A domino effect within the plasma membrane of an axon where the charge within the membrane is normally negative, but starts a wave of positive charges before returns to a negative charge |
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Synapse |
The branched end of an axon transmits information to another cell at the junction |
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Electrical Synapses |
Contain gap junctions which allow electrical current to flow from one neuron to another. The main advantage is the rapid transfer of signals from one cell to another |
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Chemical Synapses |
Involves the release of a chemical neurotransmitter by the presynaptic neuron, and then binds to receptors in the plasma membrane of the postsynaptic cell |
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Presynaptic Cells |
A cell that transmits information in synapse |
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Postsynaptic Cells |
The cell (muscle or gland) that receives the signal from the presynaptic cells |
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Neurotransmitter |
Chemical messengers that pass information from the transmitting neuron to the receiving cell |
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Non-specific Immune Responses (innate) |
1st line of defense Examples: -Swelling -Fever -Clotting -Shedding |
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Specific Immune Responses (Adaptive) |
T cells; recognize antigens and destroy infected cells B cells; create antibodies which get distributed into the blood and target specific invaders Memory cells; recognize invaders so they can be fought faster |
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Cytokines |
Activates cells |
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Chemokines |
Attracts more immune cells; the "come hither" perfume |
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Interferons |
Increase receptors that attach to infected cells |
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Motor System |
The movement of muscles that is controlled by ones' thoughts (occurs in the motor cortex of the brain); fight or flight |
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Autonomic System |
Decisions made subconsciously by the Medulla Oblorgata and cannot be controlled by conscious thoughts (Ex: heartbeat, breathing, digestion) |
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REM stage |
Dreaming stage; body actually becomes paralyzed |
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NREM stage |
Deep sleep; repair; sleep walking/talking |
