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144 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why did civil wars in Greece and China cause tension between the United States and the Soviet Union? |
In the civil wars between leftists and conservatives in both Greece and China, the Americans and the Soviets supported opposite sides. |
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In the immediate aftermath of the Second World War, the United States |
wanted the world economy to be based on free trade |
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What happened in Poland in 1945 to cause a clash between the United States and the Soviet Union? |
The Soviets refused to allow the Polish government-in-exile in London to become part of the communist government in Poland sponsored by Moscow. |
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In the immediate aftermath of the Second World War, the Soviet Union's primary objective was to |
secure its borders in order to prevent another invasion. |
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In the immediate aftermath of the Second World War, Joseph Stalin |
recognized the weakness of the Soviet Union compared to the United States and believed he had to try to achieve his objectives through cooperation. |
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In the aftermath of the Second World War, what destabilized the international system and caused friction between the Soviet Union and the United States? |
The power vacuums created by the collapse of Germany and Japan. |
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What was a major Soviet objective in the aftermath of the Second World War? |
To prevent another invasion of the Russian homeland. |
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Kennan argues that the US government should prioritize _____________about the realities of the Russian situation. |
educating the American people |
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Increased tension with USSR, who believed U.S. set them up to be used as a tool to promote Capitalism |
World Bank Opens |
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Former British leader calls for Anglo American partnership |
Churchill's "Iron Curtain" speach |
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President pledges U.S. support of free people's fighting outside pressures |
U.S. provides aid to Greece and Turkey |
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U.S.-Soviet conflict affected organizations structure and function |
UN Charter signed |
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Both the Truman Doctrine and George Kennan's "Mr. X" article in Foreign Affairs made it clear that the Cold War policy of the United States was designed to |
keep the Soviet Union from expanding outside its 1946 sphere of influence. |
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By the early 1950s, the Central Intelligence Agency |
had begun to engage in secret operations designed to overthrow foreign leaders who were not friendly toward the United States. |
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The containment policy, expressed in the Truman Doctrine committed the United States to
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assist peoples throughout the world in resisting Communist expansion. |
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containment doctorine |
outlined by "Mr. X" aka George Kennan, Purpose was to stop the spread of communism |
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What was the provision of the Mutual Security Treaty between the United States and Japan? |
The United States was granted a military base at Okinawa. |
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Many United States officials supported Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek) because... |
of their belief that Mao was part of an international communist movement. |
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Why did the United States refuse to recognize Vietnamese independence in 1945? |
Since Ho Chi Minh was a communist, the United States chose to support the imperialist stance of its Cold War ally, France. |
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The first American president to provide military assistance to support a noncommunist government in Vietnam was |
Harry Truman |
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After Mao Zedong's victory in Sept. 1949, a subsequent Soviet________________ raised alarm among U.S. officials. Yet Mao may have been, as some would U.S. officials called him, ____________. A Sino-Soviet ________ would complicate international politics throughout the cold war. |
-treaty of friendship -an Asian Tito -schism |
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In the Korean War, General Douglas MacArthur |
was mistaken in his belief that the Chinese would not enter the war. |
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Truman's claim that the Soviet Union was the mastermind behind North Korea's invasion of South Korea is questionable because available evidence now indicates that |
President Kim Il Sung undertook the war for his own nationalist objectives and drew a reluctant Stalin into the crisis. |
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President Truman fired General Douglas MacArthur because |
the general denounced the concept of limited war supported by President Truman and the Joint Chiefs of Staff. |
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At the end of the Korean War ____________ of the prisoners of War chose to go back home. |
more than half |
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During the Korean War, the U.S. defied the _________ by refusing to repatriate prisoners of war who did not wish to return to Korea or China. |
Geneva Convention |
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With regard to the American military, President Eisenhower and Secretary of State Dulles |
emphasized nuclear weaponry and airpower. |
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In 1956, Secretary of State John Foster Dulles's goal of liberating states from Soviet domination was shown to be unattainable in an anti-Soviet uprising in |
Hungary |
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The "New Look" military of the Eisenhower-Dulles years emphasized |
Nuclear weapons and airpower |
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As a result of the 1954 crisis concerning Jinmen (Quemoy) and Mazu (Matsu), |
Congress formally gave up its constitutional authority to declare war by authorizing the president to use force if necessary to defend Formosa. |
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Why did the United States find it difficult to make friends in the Third World? |
The United States usually supported the propertied, antirevolutionary elements in the Third World |
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With respect to Iran, how did the Shah of Iran consolidate power in his hands in 1953? |
He accepted the help of the CIA in the overthrow of his rival, Mohammed Mossadegh. |
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The Eisenhower Doctrine promised that the United States would |
intervene if asked to do so by any Middle Eastern country threatened by a communist takeover. |
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Those members of Congress who warned the Eisenhower administration against military aid to the French in Vietnam did so, in part, for what reason? |
They did not want another situation similar to the Korean War. |
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Because of its strategic and economic interests in the Third World, the United States |
tried to thwart challenges to U.S. influence in the region by directing more foreign aid toward the Third World |
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Upon learning that Cuba had signed a trade treaty with the Soviet Union in 1960, the Eisenhower administration responded by |
ordering the CIA to plot Castro's overthrow. |
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What do Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán of Guatemala and Mohammed Mossadegh of Iran have in common? |
Both threatened American investments in their respective countries and were overthrown in CIA-supported coups. |
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Why did Ngo Dinh Diem and President Eisenhower refuse to allow national elections in Vietnam as called for in the Geneva Accords? |
They feared that communist leader Ho Chi Minh would win |
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The Vietminh were: |
A nationalist Vietnamese organization.
Allies of the U.S. in 1945.
Enemies of Japan in 1945. |
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The leader of the winning faction in the Chinese Civil War was: |
Mao Zedong |
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The policy that called for the nuclear obliteration of the Soviet Union or its assumed client, the People's Republic of China, if either took aggressive actions was called: |
"Massive retaliation." |
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The authorization by Congress for the president to deploy American forces to defend Taiwan and adjoining islands was called: |
The Formosa Resolution. |
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Barbudos were: |
Cuban rebels led by Fidel Castro.
"bearded ones"
Profoundly anti-American. |
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The modern nation of Israel was created: |
In 1948 by the United Nations |
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As the baby-boom generation grew older, it would have an impact over the decades on such things as |
housing, education, the job market, and retirement funds. |
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Despite economic problems in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War, the American economy quickly recovered largely due to |
consumer spending. |
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By making higher education available to more people, the GI Bill |
created social mobility and fostered the emergence of a national, middle-class culture. |
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What is true of many federal programs during the late 1940s and 1950s? |
They were often biased in favor of white males. |
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The main reason that suburban growth happened on such a grand scale in the postwar era was |
The construction of a national highway system. |
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In large part, Truman won the presidency in 1948 because |
African American voters gave him the edge necessary. |
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President Eisenhower's philosophy of "dynamic conservatism" is best illustrated by his willingness to |
accept an expansion of Social Security coverage and benefits. |
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As the 1948 election neared, President Truman |
found that opposition from Republicans and southern Democrats in Congress had left him with very few legislative victories. |
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As a result of the anticommunist fervor of the 1950s, |
fear related to Cold War tensions led to a suppression of dissent and even to the persecution of innocent Americans. |
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Under the Internal Security (McCarran) Act, anyone belonging to a "Communist-front" organization was
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prohibited from holding a government job. |
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The legislation that made belonging to the Communist Party illegal in the United States is the
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Communist Control Act of 1954. |
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Which of the following contributed to the emergence of McCarthyism?
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The use of redbaiting by politicians. |
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Which of the following describes HUAC?
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It targeted university professors and those in Hollywood. |
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The post-World War II agenda for the civil rights movement was laid out in |
a report published by a committee appointed by President Truman. |
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In the Brown decision, the Supreme Court held that
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segregation in public educational facilities was unconstitutional |
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Thurgood Marshall, Harry S Truman, and Earl Warren all played important roles in
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landmark advancements in area of civil rights in the United States. |
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Martin Luther King first came to national prominence as a civil rights leader in connection with
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the Montgomery bus boycott. |
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During Dwight D. Eisenhower's presidency, the federal government's greatest non-judicial contribution to the eventual success of the civil rights movement was
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the use of federal troops in Little Rock, Arkansas. |
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During the post–World War II period, African Americans made gains in their struggle for civil rights because
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racist practices at home made it more difficult to compete with the Soviet Union for the support of nonaligned nations. |
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By the end of the 1950s, blue-collar workers
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were outnumbered by white-collar workers in the American workforce. |
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The suburbs brought together people of diverse backgrounds and |
helped forge a national, middle-class culture. |
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The author of the 1950s' most popular how-to manual for bringing up babies was
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Benjamin Spock. |
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Which of the following was an important social trend during the 1950s?
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Early marriages |
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Which of the following was the most important factor in defining youth culture during the 1950s?
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Music |
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During the 1950s, books such as The Organization Man and The Lonely Crowd
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criticized the rise of conformity in American life. |
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After 1945, poor Americans were most likely to live in
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the inner cities |
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Which of the following had the largest concentration of the nation's poor after the Second World War?
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Native Americans. |
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As a result of the termination policy supported by the Eisenhower administration,
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the impoverished condition of many Indians was made worse. |
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The U.S. Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education is important because:
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It desegregated public schools in the United States. |
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The government attempted to stabilize the post-war economy by gradually introducing veterans into the workforce with:
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The GI Bill. |
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The process of "redlining" in lending and denying mortgages:
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Was generally employed to deny African Americans and Hispanics mortgages. |
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Republican senator Joseph R. McCarthy is best known for:
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Launching a national witch hunt for communists. |
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Which of the following is true about Rosa Parks?
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a. She was a NAACP activist. b. She was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a bus to a white man. c. She was a seamstress.
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The "Little Rock Nine" were:
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Nine African American teenagers who braved physical and verbal threats to attend Central High in Little Rock, Arkansas in 1957. |
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Alfred Kinsey is most well known for:
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His research regarding human sexuality. |
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Movies like Rebel Without a Cause are examples of:
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youth culture |
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Works like J.D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye and Norman Mailer's The Naked and the Dead:
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were profoundly critical of american society |
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Which of the following characterized women's participation in the American workforce in the early World War II era?
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a. Twice as many women were employed in 1960 than 1940. b. Most women worked for a specific family goal like a new car or college tuition, not for independence from the family. c. Women were generally restricted to lower-paid fields such as secretaries, teachers, and nurses, and faced pay discrimination compared to men. |
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Operation Mongoose was designed to
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force the collapse of Fidel Castro's regime. |
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A beneficial effect of the Cuban missile crisis was
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installation of a Washington-Moscow hot line. |
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what organization is associated with Kennedy's nation-building policy among developing nations?
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The Peace Corps. |
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How did the Soviet Union respond when President Kennedy refused to consent to Soviet demands in the 1961 Berlin crisis?
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they built the Berlin wall |
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The concept of nation building was based on the idea that
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the United States could win the friendship of Third World countries by helping them as they struggled through the infant stages of nationhood. |
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In the aftermath of the Bay of Pigs invasion, President Kennedy
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vowed to bring down the government of Fidel Castro. |
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When Martin Luther King, Jr., put children in the front lines of protest in Birmingham, Alabama, in 1963, the city's police commissioner
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used powerful water guns and attack dogs against the protesters. |
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In relation to his program called the New Frontier, John Kennedy
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did little to push his social-policy agenda through Congress. |
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The Civil Rights Act of 1964
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used the federal government's control of funding to enforce its anti-discrimination provisions. |
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Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party of 1964 |
Its delegation challenged the delegation of regular Mississippi Democrats at the Democratic National Convention. |
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Achievements of the War on Poverty... |
Poverty among the elderly fell significantly.
It directly attacked the housing, health, and nutritional problems of the poor. |
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The presidency of Lyndon Johnson was characterized by ....
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Intensification of the Vietnam War, enactment of a wealth of legislation attacking economic and social ills in the country, and a dramatic increase in black elected officials in the South. |
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As a result of the Voting Rights Act of 1965,
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the number of registered African American voters in the South dramatically increased. |
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The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was
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a congressional resolution that granted President Lyndon Johnson the authority to take military actions in Vietnam without further consultation with Congress. |
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The main reason President Johnson kept sending more and more American troops to Vietnam was that
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c. he and other American leaders were afraid that if the United States did not prevail in Vietnam, both friends and foes would find the nation's power less credible. |
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America's reliance on such things as carpet-bombing, napalm, and crop defoliants in the Vietnam War
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alienated many South Vietnamese, bringing new recruits to the Vietcong. |
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The Kerner Report, issued in 1968 by the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, blamed the urban riots of the mid- to late-sixties on
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white racism within American society. |
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The urban race riots of the 1960s and the emergence of black nationalism in the voices of Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichael were the result of
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the deterioration of the social and economic conditions of many northern African Americans. |
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Both the Sharon Statement and the selection of Barry Goldwater as the Republican nominee for president in 1964 suggest that
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conservatism did not disappear from the political landscape during the Johnson years. |
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Increased use of the birth-control pill in the late 1960s was in some measure responsible for
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the trend toward more casual sexual mores among young people. |
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Malcolm X was assassinated by
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Black Muslims who believed he had betrayed their cause. |
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The urban area most closely associated with the birth of the youth counterculture of the 1960s is
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the Haight-Ashbury district in San Francisco. |
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Which of the following was a major target of student protesters in the 1960s?
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The doctrine of in loco parentis. |
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Which of the following is true of American popular culture in the late 1960s?
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It was heavily influenced by the music and styles of young people. |
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The Black Panthers were
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African American activists who embraced separatism and communism. |
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Nixon won the 1968 presidential election with a promise to
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win the peace in Vietnam. |
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As a result of the Tet offensive,
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President Johnson decided to ask Hanoi to negotiate. |
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The 1968 Democratic presidential candidate killed by an assassin's bullet was |
Robert Kennedy. |
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President Johnson referred to his ambitious program of civil rights and other liberal legislation as:
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The Great Society. |
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Profiles in Courage was a Pulitzer Prize winning book by which president?
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Kennedy |
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Who chanted "Segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever"?
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Alabama governor George Wallace. |
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The Warren Commission decided what in regards to the assassination of President Kennedy?
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Lee Harvey Oswald had acted alone. |
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The Civil Rights Act of 1964:
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a. Was signed into law by President Johnson.
b. Ended legal discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, and national origin.
c. Eventually included banning discrimination based on sex. |
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The Tonkin Gulf Incident:
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a. Occurred when North Vietnamese patrol boats reportedly attacked U.S. destroyers. b. Resulted in Congress giving President Johnson authority to intervene in Vietnam militarily. c. Helped Johnson's political standing. |
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Malcolm X
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a. He converted to the Nation of Islam while in prison. b. He emphasized the importance of sobriety, thrift, and social responsibility. c. He championed black pride and separatism from white society. |
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The British Invasion of 1964 refers to:
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The arrival of the Beatles in New York. |
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The Tet Offensive refers to:
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The mass attack by North Vietnamese & VC troops on the cities of South Vietnam. |
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Rather than the EEOC having to prove an employer's intentional discrimination against an individual, some argued that it was possible to prove discrimination by |
using statistics on the relative number of women or minorities hired or promoted by an employer to determine whether or not there was a discriminatory pattern. |
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In The Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan blamed the dissatisfaction felt by many American women on |
Society's assertion that the only proper role for women is that of housewife and mother. |
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Antifeminists were successful in achieving which of the following?
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They stalled the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment. |
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The Stonewall riot
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marked the symbolic beginning of the gay rights movement. |
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The national movement for social justice for Mexican Americans began with
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a group of migrant farm workers in California. |
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An important inspiration for the reemergence of the women's movement in the mid-1960s was
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Betty Friedan's book The Feminine Mystique. |
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Like the younger generation of African Americans, the younger generation of Mexican American and American Indian activists in the late 1960s and early 1970s emphasized
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their own distinct cultures and histories. |
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In the late 1960s, radical feminists differed from the members of the National Organization for Women. How?
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Radical feminists practiced direct action and personal politics; NOW was a traditional lobbying group. |
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Antifeminist forces were able to prevent ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment by
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arguing that ratification of the ERA would lead to the decriminalization of rape and to women being subject to the draft. |
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President Nixon's Vietnamization policy sought to
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build up South Vietnamese forces to replace American troops. |
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Which of the following was the site of an antiwar demonstration in May 1970 that led to the deaths of four demonstrators?
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Kent State University |
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When President Nixon ordered an invasion of Cambodia in 1970 and widened the Vietnam War,
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the Senate terminated the Tonkin Gulf Resolution. |
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Under the Nixon-Kissinger policy of "Vietnamization,"
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withdrawal of American troops was accompanied by increased bombing of the North and the invasion of Cambodia. |
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In the aftermath of the Vietnam War, Americans
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disagreed over the lessons to be drawn from the experience. |
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The War Powers Act required the president to
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obtain congressional approval in the commitment of U.S. forces to combat action lasting more than sixty days. |
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The policy of détente called for
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limited cooperation with the Soviet Union through negotiations within a general environment of rivalry. |
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Which of the following was a major foreign-policy achievement during the Nixon presidency?
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Improved relations with Communist China. |
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Nixon's foreign policy and the operations of the CIA reflected Cold War fears of leftist-inspired instability in which of the following countries? |
Angola and Chile. |
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Which of the following correctly states a major feature of President Nixon's foreign policy? |
less military commitment to allies; more—but guarded—cooperation with the Soviet Union |
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In 1975 Secretary of State Kissinger persuaded Israel and Egypt to accept |
A United Nations peacekeeping force in the Sinai. |
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César Chávez and Dolores Huerta were: |
Labor organizers and political activists. |
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The Nixon Doctrine refers to: |
A policy stating that allies should no longer count on the help of American troops. |
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The Arab members of OPEC imposed a total embargo on oil shipments to the U.S. in the wake of: |
U.S. support of Israel in the Yom Kippur War. |
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Men working on behalf of Nixon's re-election campaign bugged the Democratic National Committee in a scandal referred to as: |
Watergate |
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In 1979, Islamic revolutionaries overthrew the government of the shah in Iran. They were led by: |
Ayatollah Khomeini |
