Unisa Iop1501

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Industrial and Organisation Psychology

Definition

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An applied and sub field of psychology where human behaviour and mental process are studied in the work context

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IOP is a scientific discipline because...

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• It had, utilises, develops and teaches foundational knowledge
• Its foundational knowledge is supported by effective research
• It uses many types of tested practical applications and methods to achieve the best fit between the employee and the workplace and solve work related problems

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Taylorism

Definition

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Frederick Taylor, 1911

• Sought standards for the best work methods
• Use these standards to employ the right people
• People work harder the more you pay them

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Taylorism

Criticism

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• Exploited employees to get higher productivity
• Neglected employees' differences
• Ignored employees' growth needs
• Employees became too specialised which led to unemployment

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Munsterberg

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Hugo Munsterberg

Published The Principles of Scientific Management in 1910

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Munsterberg

Theory

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• Necessary to consider the total employeeNecessary to consider all possible influences in the work process
• Importance of the work environment
• Impact of fatigue, monotony, learning, work satisfaction, personnel selection, work and equipment design and employee rewards
  

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Hawthorne experiment

1924 by Elton May

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Highlight the importance of social factors and recognition in the workplace

Led to the "human relations management" approach - the idea that social factors in the workplace may be more important motivators of work performance than work design or financial reward

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Hawthorne effect

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After new experiences or interventions (such as training), employees may improve their work performance, but that this enhanced work behaviour may return to the original state once the novelty of the event has passed

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War time contributions

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development of psychometric tests

personnel psychology developed

psychologists started to study stress

growth of psychology, more recognition for psychologists

Journal of Applied Psychology founded in 1917

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AGCT

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Army General Classification Test

The benchmark in the development of group testing procedures

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The body responsible for registering practising psychologists

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PBP

Professional Board for Psychology

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The body responsible for professional, training and practise issues with regard to

all health-related professions is

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HPCSA

Health Professions Council of South Africa

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Organisational psychology

Definition

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The study of the structure of the organisation and ways in which the people in it interact

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Personnel psychology

Definition

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A scientific focus on utilising individual differences in and between employees and predicting the optimal fit between the employee and the work organisation

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Research methedology

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Finding, exploring or verifying psychological knowledge using various methods of scientific enquiry

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Work-related psychological assessment

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Validation, development and utilisation of various types of psychological tests to measure attributes and behaviour of employees in various applications

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Career psychology

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Studying issues of career development regarding individuals and the nature of employment and unemployment

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Employment relations

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Resolve or restructure conflict between employer and employees

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Employee and organisational well-being

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Facilitate positive psychological capital or resources in organisations and employees, promote good work and keep them healthy and resilient

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Ergonomics

Definition

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Engineering and human-factors psychology, human-machine systems, interaction of employees and their technical work environment

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Challenges of the future

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Changing workforce, globalisation, indefinite job descriptions, scattered manpower