U Developmental Psychology Csuci Fleisher Ch 4

Front 1

Accommodation

Back 1

according to Piaget, changing existing knowledge based on new knowledge

Front 2

Animism

Back 2

crediting inanimate objects with life and lifelike properties such as feelings

Front 3

Assimilation

Back 3

according to Piaget, taking in information that is compatible with what one already knows

Front 4

Babbling

Back 4

speech like sounds that consist of vowel-consonant combinations

Front 5

Cardinality principle

Back 5

counting principle that the last number name denotes the number of objects being counted

Front 6

Cooing

Back 6

early vowel-like sounds that babies produce

Front 7

Egocentrism

Back 7

difficulty in seeing the world from another’s point of view; typical of children in the preoperational period

Front 8

Equilibration

Back 8

according to Piaget, a process by which children reorganize their schemes to return to a state of equilibrium when disequilibrium occurs

Front 9

Expressive style

Back 9

language-learning style that describes children whose vocabularies include many social phrases that are used like one word

Front 10

Fast mapping

Back 10

fact that children make connections between new words and references and referents so quickly that they can’t be considering all possible meanings

Front 11

Infant-directed speech

Back 11

way of speaking in which adults speak slowly and with exaggerated changes in pitch and loudness

Front 12

Intonation

Back 12

pattern of rising and falling pitch that appears around the age of seven months in infants babbling

Front 13

Operant conditioning

Back 13

view of learning, proposed by BF Skinner, which emphasizes reward and punishment

Front 14

Overextension

Back 14

when children define words more broadly than adults do

Front 15

Over-regularization

Back 15

grammatical usage that results from applying rules to words that are exceptions to the rule

Front 16

Phonemes

Back 16

unique speech sounds that can be used to create words

Front 17

Primary circular reaction

Back 17

according to Piaget, when infants accidentally produce pleasant events that are centered on the body and then try to re-create the events

Front 18

Private speech

Back 18

comments that are not intended for others but serve the purpose of helping children regulate their behavior

Front 19

Referential style

Back 19

language-learning style that describes children whose vocabulary is dominated by names of objects, persons, or actions

Front 20

Scheme

Back 20

according to Piaget, a mental structure that organizes information and regulates behavior

Front 21

In Piaget’s theory, psychological structures that organize experience are called ….

Back 21

Schemes

Front 22

According to Piaget, intellectual adaptation occurs through …

Back 22

the processes of accommodation and assimilation.

Front 23

When new experiences are easily fit into existing schemes, piaget would say that ________ is taking place.

Back 23

Assimilation

Front 24

Two-year-old Joey played with many soft and furry stuffed animals He particularly enjoyed picking them up by their ears and dragging them around the house. Joey’s parents gave him a real, live, soft and furry puppy for his birthday. Joey tried to pick her up by her ears and drag her around the house. The puppy wiggled and whimpered. Joey decided he was going to have to change his scheme for playing with soft and furry objects. Piaget would say that this is an example of …

Back 24

accommodation.

Front 25

What is the proper sequence of Piaget’s periods of cognitive development?

Back 25

Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

Front 26

Fifteen-month-old Lina is sitting in her high chair at lunchtime. She decides to throw her spoon. Next, she throws her half-eaten peanut butter sandwich. While her mother is busy on the telephone, she proceeds to throw her peas, her bowl, her applesauce, and her cup of milk on the floor. Although her mother might call this making a mess, Piaget would call it a …

Back 26

tertiary circular reaction

Front 27

The end of the sensorimotor period is marked by …

Back 27

the ability to use mental symbols.

Front 28

Piaget’s concept of egocentrism is best illustrated by ….

Back 28

A 4-year-old holding a picture in front of the television so Big Bird can see it.

Front 29

What statement best demonstrates Piaget’s concept of animism?

Back 29

“Gary claimed the ball was tired and just didn’t want to go in the basket”

Front 30

What is not a characteristic of preoperational thinking?

Back 30

Reversibility

Front 31

Research on children’s ability to distinguish appearance from reality found that when children were presented with sories about people who looked happy but felt sad, …

Back 31

most 7-year-olds responded that the people in the story really were sad while most 4-year-olds responded that the people in the story really were happy.

Front 32

“Piaget’s theory is too narrow and would be more useful if it were more comprehensive.” Is this a criticism of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?

Back 32

No

Front 33

The information processing view …

Back 33

compares human cognition to computer hardware and software.

Front 34

Mental programs that are the basis for performing particular tasks are called mental

Back 34

software

Front 35

Gayle wants to teach her 4-year-old daughter, Molly, to write her name. However, every time they sit down at the kitchen table to practice, Gayle cannot get Molly to pay attention long enough to write anything. What advice would be most appropriate to give Gayle?

Back 35

Try working in a quieter, less distracting area with fewer people around.

Front 36

In her work on infant memory, Carolyn Rovee-Collie found that 3-month-old infants who learned to kick a mobile to make it move …

Back 36

were able to remember to kick to make the mobile move a few weeks later.

Front 37

Four-year-old Evan has learned that every evening before going to bed he takes a bath, puts on his pajamas, brushes his teeth, hears a story, turns on heis nightlight, and kisses his parents goodnight. An information-processing theorist would say that these common elements of Evan’s bedtime routine are …

Back 37

a script

Front 38

What guidelines concerning the reliability of child witnesses is supported by research?

Back 38

Warn children that interviewers may sometimes try to trick them or suggest things that didn’t happen.

Front 39

The cardinality principle of counting states that …

Back 39

the last number name differs from the previous ones in a counting sequence in denoting the number of objects.

Front 40

Vygotsky provide …

Back 40

a view of development as an apprenticeship.

Front 41

Five-year-old Winnie was unable to arrange the furniture in her dollhouse by herself. However, she was able to completely arrange the furniture when her mother helped her sort the furniture by room and then suggested that she work on one room at a time. The difference between what Winnie was able to do on her won and what she could do with her mother’s help is called …

Back 41

her zone of proximal development.

Front 42

Scaffolding refers to …

Back 42

a style in which teachers gauge the amount of assistance that they offer to match a learner’s needs.

Front 43

Is private speech a form of scaffolding?

Back 43

No

Front 44

Children are more likely to use private speech when?

Back 44

More on difficult tasks than on easy tasks

Front 45

The sound of “p” in the word “put” and the sound of “a” in “cat” are both …

Back 45

phonemes

Front 46

Involves speaking more slowly and with exaggerated changes in pitch and loudness:

Back 46

Infant-directed speech

Front 47

At 3 months of age, babies start making vowel-like sounds such as “ooooooo” and “ahhhhhh” which are called ….

Back 47

Cooing

Front 48

Beginning at about 7 months, babies’ babbling will include ________, a pattern of rising or falling pitch.

Back 48

Intonation

Front 49

Infants’ babbling is influenced by …

Back 49

the characteristics of the speech that they hear.

Front 50

Five-month-old Cedric discovered that when he kicked he feet he could make the mobile over his head move. This was such an interesting sight that he kicked his feet over and over just to see the mobile move. Piaget would call this a ...

Back 50

secondary cirular reaction

Front 51

Infants usually understand words ….

Back 51

Before they are able to say them.

Front 52

Children whose vocabularies are dominated by words that are the names of objects, persons, or action have what kind of language learning style?

Back 52

Referential

Front 53

Children whose vocabularies include some names but also many social phrases that are used like a single word have what kind of language learning style?

Back 53

Expressive

Front 54

Eighteen-month-old Shannon saw an older woman with gray hair and called her “Grandma”, even though she was not her grandmother. Shannon made a mistake common to young children which is called …

Back 54

an overextension.

Front 55

Two-year-old Tyler speaks in sentences such as “Me go” instead of “I want to go”, and “She sleep” instead of “She is sleeping”. Tyler is using …

Back 55

telegraphic speech

Front 56

Most children have mastered the basic grammar of their native language by the time they …

Back 56

enter school.

Front 57

True or False:
During accommodation a new experience is incorporated into an existing scheme without modification.

Back 57

False

Front 58

True or False:
Using a study involving a “shrinking machine” and “Terry the Troll”, DeLoache and associates demonstrated that 2 ½-year-olds cannot understand that a model can be a symbol of something else.

Back 58

False

Front 59

True or False:
The salivation response elicited by Pavlov’s dogs is best explained by the principles of operant conditioning.

Back 59

False

Front 60

True or False:
Research by Rovee-Collier showed that, by two months of age, infants can recall past events.

Back 60

True

Front 61

True or False:
A good way to improve the eyewitness testimony of children is to warn them that an interviewer may sometimes try to trick them.

Back 61

True

Front 62

True or False:
A basic principle of understanding numbers involves ordinality, which refers to the fact that numbers differ in magnitude with some being of greater value.

Back 62

True

Front 63

True or False:
Private speech is a form of verbal communication a child uses when talking to his/her best friend.

Back 63

False

Front 64

True or False:
Coo sounds are composed of a single consonant sound.

Back 64

False

Front 65

True or False:
Phonological memory is defined as the ability to recall a visual image after the passage of time.

Back 65

False

Front 66

True or False:
In English, “ing” and “ed” represent grammatical morphemes.

Back 66

True