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140 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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risk management model that is a Continuous process of identifying hazards andrisks and taking steps to eliminate or reduce them in rapidly changingcircumstances of an operational incident
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Dynamic risk assesment |
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an area equal to ____ times the height of the structure should be kept between apparatus and the building if there is a possibility of structural collapse |
1 1/2 |
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At least ____ fully equipped firefighters make upRIC
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2 |
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The ideal climbing angle for ground ladders is ____ degrees from horizontal
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75 |
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The proper distance between the butt of theladder and the building can be determined by dividing the used length of the ladder by ____
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4 |
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A minimum of ____ firefighters is required toraise a pole ladder
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4 |
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A ladder placed for ventilation should bealongside the window, upwind, with the tip ____
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even with the upper portion of the window |
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A ladder placed for entry or rescue should beplaced on the mid-line of the window with the tip ____
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Slightly below the sill |
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When necessary to save lives, ladders can be usedto bridge the gap between two points. If the gap of the ladder is not more than ____ its length, a single ladder may be slid into place
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1/3 |
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Type of glass specially treated to becomeharder and more break-resistant
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tempered glass |
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Groove cut in the surface or edge of a board toreceive another member
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Rabbet |
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The apex of the triangle cut should be ____ feet high
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6 |
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Polycarbonate plastic used for security windows. 250 times stronger than ordinary glass
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Lexan |
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Two layers of glass with a transparent layer of vinyl bonded to the center
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Laminated glass |
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Signal given to the IC that a specific area has been checked and there are no victims or they have been extricated
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all clear |
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Firefighters should first feel the _______ and then the doorknob to determine the heat level
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top of the door |
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With outward swinging doors, firefighters should stay on the _______ side prior to opening a door during a search
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hinge |
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The knots on a search line are always placed _______ the ring to provide directional indication
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after |
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Search line systems require a minimum of _______ firefighters
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3 |
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How difficult it is to see through the smoke
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optical density |
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How buoyant the smoke is. |
physical density |
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The systematic venting of a structure by controlling which windows and doors are opened at any given time
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Compartmentalization
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The most important weather-related influences on tactical ventilation are _______ and ________
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wind and temperature |
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Vertical division between multiple windows or a double door opening. Used to separate double casement windows
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Mullion |
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Narrow panes of glass in pivoting brackets
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Jalousie windows
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Facility in which there is a great potential of life or property loss.
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target hazard |
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(Foundation wall) located between the foundation footing and the first floor
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stem wall |
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what is the Most often used ventilation |
horizontal natural ventillation |
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Smoke ejectors are usually set up on the _______ side of the building
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leeward |
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When smoke ejectors are placed in doorways and windows, they should be placed at the _______ of the opening
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top |
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Movement of smoke being blown out of a ventilation opening only to be drawn back inside by the negative pressurecreated by the ejector
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churning |
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PPV blowers are set up about ____ feet outside the point of entry into a building
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6 |
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A fog spray with a ____-degree pattern covering ____-____% of the window provides the best results for hydraulic ventilation. The ideal nozzle position is about ____ feet insidethe room
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60 85-90% 2 |
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It is recommended that a clear space of at least ____ feet from anyone using a cutting tool be created
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10 |
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roof that slopes down to meet every outside wall
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hip roof |
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Roof that Consists of high gabled roof with a vertical wall above a downward pitched shed roof section on either side |
lantern roof |
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Truss that Employs only a single web member. These trusses may be prone to early collapse than other lightweight wooden trusses |
mono-pitch truss |
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Truss roof that has Sloping ends with the top chord shorter than thebottom chord |
bridge truss roof |
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Roof that Has a double slope on each of its four sides.The lower pitch is steeper than the upper pitch
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Mansard roof |
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Roof that is Essentially a gable with two different slopes.The lower slope is steeper than the upper slope |
Gambrel roof |
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Pitched roofs should be vented at the highest point on the ________ side directly over the fire or as close as safely possible
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leeward |
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The ventilation opening in a pitched roof should be _______ to the rafters and _______ to the ridge
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paralell perpindicular |
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Roof where the main roof joists are at the level of theceiling and a framework for attaching the decking is created above |
Inverted roof |
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Horizontal member between two trusses thatsupports the roof
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purlin |
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Rectangular opening cut in roof allowing a section to be tilted back. Also called center rafter cut
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louver cut |
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Vapor barrier or insulation over which a waterproof covering is laid
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Substrate (underlayment)
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Petroleum based product that softens with an increase of temperature and hardens with a decrease in temperature but does not undergo any chemical change
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Thermoplastic |
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Louver cut where the longer cuts are paralel with the rafters |
center rafter cut |
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Louver cut that Involves making the two longer cuts perpendicular to the rafters |
Dicing (rolling the rafters) |
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A The trench cut should be at least ____ feet wide andacross the entire width of the building |
4 |
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The natural vertical movement of heat and smoke (convection) in tall structures
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stack effect |
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The greater the difference between the insideand outside temperature, the _______ the stack effect will be
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greater |
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During the stack effect, If it is hotter inside, the airflow will be _______ at the bottom
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inward
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During the stack effect, If it is hotter outside, the airflow will be _______ at the bottom |
Outward (reverse stack effect) |
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Formation of smoke into layers as a result of differences in density wit respect to height
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Stratification |
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Point within a building, especially a high-rise, where the interior pressure equals the atmospheric pressure outside
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Neutral pressure plane |
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As the distance away from the neutral pressure plane increases, the pressure difference increases _________ above the plane and _______ below the plane.
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positively negatively |
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Wind can have a major influence on stack effect because of its ability to produce a ________ pressure on the windward side
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positive |
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If the seat of the fire is located _______ the neutral pressure plane, ventilating on the leeward side can make best use ofthe negative pressure created by the wind
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above |
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Ventilating _______ the fire maybe necessary during reverse stack effect or mushrooming
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below |
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Those in leadership positions must acquire 4 critical leadership skills according to crm: |
authority mentoring conflict resolution mission analysis |
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PARS may be request during benchmark events, including 3: |
changing from offensive to defensive significant change in conditions fire control or extinguishment |
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What defines the roles/responsibilities and SOP's used to manage emergency operations |
Incident management system |
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System by which facilities, personnel, and procedures are organized to operate within a common organizational structure |
Incident command system |
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Safety system on an SCBA that allows two units to be hooked together in the event one fails |
Emergency escape breathing support system (EEBSS) |
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Most frequent reason for using ladders to access the roof |
vertical ventilation |
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Where are Water chutes are constructed? |
the floor below where water has accumulated |
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MOst common characteristics for analyzing smoke: 3 |
volume color/density air flow (pressure) |
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Triangular cuts are not recommended for _______ doors |
telescoping |
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Search marks should be placed where on a door or wall? |
the lower 3rd |
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How many firefighters must be on scene before performing search and rescue? |
4 (except when immediate action is needed) |
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Portable device that allows two or more persons to carry the sick or injured while keeping the patient immobile |
litter |
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The fire _______ in intensity when ventilation is initiated |
increases |
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Equipment designed for use in flammable atmospheres that is incapable of releasing sufficient electrical energy to cause the ignition of a flammable atmosphere mixture |
intrinsically safe equipment |
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Openings in floors, walls, or partitions that are not protected against the passage of smoke |
unprotected openings |
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The first cut in a pitched roof should be ______ to the ridge to see where the rafters are located |
paralell |
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Modern mansard roofs are typically supported by ______ trusses |
bridge |
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The first cut in a flat roof should be _______ to the rafters |
parallel |
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Three common types of arched roofs |
bowstring truss trussless arch lamella arch |
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Three major types of lightweight roof construction |
panleized roofs trussed roofs wooden i-beams |
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Two types of foam roof coverings |
urethane isocyanate |
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the safe person element of the dynamic risk assesment has 2 parts |
organizational responsibilities individual responsibilities |
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element of crm that Involves the leader ensuring mission safety andestablishing tasks |
authority |
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element of crm that – Involves the leader evaluating risk vs. gain |
mission analysis |
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o Heavy fire with no progress after ___ – ___ minutes is a collapse indicator |
10-12 |
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Enforcementof SOP’s regarding firefighter safety and survival on the fireground has two aspects
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education coercive action |
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· Removing a wall between two adjacent studs will allow approximately a ___” opening.
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14" |
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Firefighters need to emphasize ____ body strength whenperforming ground ladder evolutions
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upper |
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o At angles less than ___ degrees, the distance between personnel on theladder should be increased.
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75 |
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Itis important to maintain a ___” clearance between the strainer and bottom of thewater source
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24" |
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door where the endsof the slats do not have wheel rollers attached to them, unlike sectional doors |
steel roll-up |
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____ doors are merely larger versions of a garage doorthat have rollers at the ends of the slats |
sectional |
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____ doors look like steel-roll up doors, but are made upof a few interlocking flexible panels of relatively light-gauge metal
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sheet curtain |
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____ doors consist of a number of interlocking, invertedU-shaped metal sections
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telescoping |
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lexan is ___ times stronger than ordinary glass |
250 |
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the only fire service tool that will cut Lexan
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rotary saw |
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laminatd glass may be cut with |
axe or saw |
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glass with an Increasedresistance to breakage and penetration. |
wired-glass |
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sheathing Made of many small wooden pieces bonded together |
osb |
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unreinforced masonry that can be identified by aheader course being laid perpendicular to the other courses
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double course brick walls |
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Twoobjectives of a building search
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locate victims report extent of fire |
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Thetwo major advantages to using a TIC are
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speed effectiveness |
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Ways to control the search environment |
safe zoning guarding the line f retreat |
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When using a charged hoseline to help orientyourself during a search, thefirefighter at the nozzle positions himself ____
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in the doorway |
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Thelarge area search line consists of ___’ of ___” rope with a Kevlar sheath
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200' 3/8" |
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a ring is tied into the large area search line every ___' |
20' |
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each knot tied into the large area search indicates a distance of ___' from the beginning |
20' |
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§ The lateral tethers of the large area search line are ___’ lengths of ___” rope with a Kevlar sheath.
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20' 1/4" |
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during a large area search, The ____ carries the rope bag and is accompanied closely by the ____ |
lead navigator |
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during a large area search, The ____ is equipped with a TIC and light |
navigator |
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during a large area search, Reachingthe knot in the middle of the tether allows each member to make a ___-footdiameter arc from the attachment point |
10' |
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Increasingventilation to a fuel-controlled compartment fire will ____ itsprogress
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slow |
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A generally reliable indicator of fireconditions
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smoke volume |
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Whitish-graysmoke generally indicates ____-based fires |
celulose |
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dense, black smoke generally indicates ____-based fires
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hydrocarbon |
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Highertemperatures equal ____ buoyancy |
greater |
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Themost important weather-related influences on tactical ventilation are ____ and ____
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wind temp |
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Known as factory windows. May be hinged at thetop or bottom and swing in or out
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projected |
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hopper windows are bottom hinged and ____ swinging |
inward |
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Telescoping doors consist of two layers of doorsseparated by at least ___ inches |
2" |
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which is lsightly larger in diameter. blower or injector? |
blower |
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Ventilationwill almost always ____ the HRR
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increase |
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when opening a roof, begin the opening on the ___ side |
leeward |
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thepreferred tool for fireground cutting operations during ventilation
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chainsaw |
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Allrafters in ____ roofs run perpendicular to the nearest outside wall
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hip |
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o ____ cuts leave only onerafter in the center. |
louver |
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bowstring arch roof that uses Usesmassive arches of steel, concrete, or laminated wood |
trussless arch roof |
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trussless arch roof that Usesinterlocking geometric framework,usually 2” x 12 |
lamella arch roof |
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Rectangularmasonry column built into a wall
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pilaster |
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gangnail prongs are usually ___” deep. |
3/8" |
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roof covering that aresawn from large blocks of wood. They are highly combustible due to their lowmass |
shingles |
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also called built up roofs |
tar and gravel |
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these roofsare thick and heavily insulated, holding in heat longer than other roofs, andincreasing chances of flashover |
Urethane/IsocyanateFoam
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roof cutting method that requiresthat rafters or sub-purlins be cut |
rolling back panelized roofs |
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Tendencyof heat, smoke, and other products of combustion to rise until they encounter ahorizontal obstruction
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Mushrooming(ceiling jet) |
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during stratification, Low-densitylayers are on the ____ |
top |
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Whengases are heated, they expand and become ____ dense
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less |
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Openarea in the center of a building, extending through 2 or more stories andusually covered by a skylight
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atrium |
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mostbuilding codes require that atriums be equipped with
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automatic roof vents |
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curtain boards generallyextend a distance equal to ___% of the vertical distance from the floor to theroof, but not lower than ___ feet above the floor |
20% 10 feet |
