Tortora Chapter 2 Quiz

Front 1

Atoms consist of _____, _____, & _____.

Back 1

protons,
electrons,
& neutrons

Front 2

To be chemically stable, teh atoms of all elements except hydrogen & helium must hold _____ electrons in the valence shell.

Back 2

8

Front 3

The number of protons located in an atom's nucleus is known as its _______.

Back 3

atomic number

Front 4

The factors that influence the chance that a collision will occur & cause a chemical reaction are _____ & _____.

Back 4

concentration
&
temperature

Front 5

The four elements which compose most of the body's mass are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, & nitrogen. (T/F)

Back 5

true

Front 6

Ionic bonds occur when atoms lose, gain, & share electrons in their valence shell. (T/F)

Back 6

false

Front 7

Which statements concerning covalent bonds are true?

1. Atoms form a molecule by sharing one, two, or three pairs of their valence electrons.

2. Covalent bonds can form only between atoms of different elements.

3. The greater the number of electron pairs shared, the stronger the covalent bond.

4. Covalent bonds are the least common chemical bonds in the body

5. Covalent bonds can be either polar or nonpolar

Back 7

True Statements:
1, 3, & 5

Front 8

Organic compoundsthat function primarily to provide a readiloy available source of chemical energy to generate the ATP that drives metabolic reactions are:

a. lipids
b. nucleic acids
c. water
d. carbohydrates
e. proteins

Back 8

d. carbohydrates

Front 9

The body's most highly concentrated form of chemical energy is

a. a triglyceride
b. a lipoprotein
c. glycogen
d. a steroid
e. an eicosanoid

Back 9

a. a triglyceride

Front 10

The organic compounds that serve in structural, regulatory, contractile, immunological, transport, & catalytic capacities are _______.

a. lipids
b. carbohydrates
c. proteins
d. nucleic acids
e. buffers

Back 10

c. proteins

Front 11

Which of the following statements concerning DNA are NOT TRUE?

a. It contains the five-carbon sugar deoxyribose

b. It is composed of a single strand of nucleotides

c. DNA has a double helix construction

d. DNA contains the nitrogenous base adenine, guanine, cytosine, & thymine

e. It is cell's genetic material

Back 11

b. It is composed of a single
strand of nucleotides

Front 12

Name the type of the reaction:

H2 + Cl2 --> 2 HCl

Back 12

Synthesis reaction

Front 13

Name the type of the reaction:

3 NaOH + H3PO4 --> Na3PO4 + 3 H2O

Back 13

exchange reaction

Front 14

Name the type of the reaction:

CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O --> Ca(HCO3)2

Back 14

synthesis reaction

Front 15

Name the type of the reaction:

NH3 + H2O <==> NH4+ + OH-

Back 15

reversible reaction

Front 16

Which of the following statements regarding ATP are true?

1. ATP is the energy currency for the cell

2. The energy supplied by the hydrolysis of ATP is constantly being used by the cell

3. Energy is required to produce ATP

4. The production of ATP involves both aerobic & anaerobic phases

5. The proces of producing energy in the form of ATP is termed the law of conservation of energy

Back 16

True Statements:
1, 2, 3, & 4

Front 17

A polar covalent molecule that serves as a solvent, has a high heat capacity, creates a high surface tension, & serves as a lubricant

Back 17

water

Front 18

A substance that dissociates into one or more hydrogen ions & one or more anions

Back 18

acid

Front 19

a substance that dissociates into cations & anions, neither of which is a hydrogen ion or a hydroxyl ion

Back 19

salt

Front 20

a proton receptor

Back 20

base

Front 21

a measure of hydrogen ion concentration

Back 21

pH

Front 22

A chemical compound that can convert strong acids & bases into weak ones

Back 22

buffer

Front 23

A catalyst for chemical reactions that is specific, efficient, 7 under cellular control

Back 23

enzyme

Front 24

a compound that functions to temporarily store & then transfer energy liberated in exergonic reactions to cellular activities that require energy

Back 24

ATP

Front 25

An electrically charged atom or group of atoms with an unpaired electron in its outermost shell

Back 25

free radical

Front 26

a combination resulting when two or more atoms share electrons

Back 26

molecule

Front 27

a building block of matter that cannot be split into a simpler chemical substance by ordinary chemical reactions

Back 27

chemical element

Front 28

anything that occupies space & has mass

Back 28

matter

Front 29

an atom of an element that differs in the number of neutrons, therefore mass number, from other atoms of the same element

Back 29

isotope

Front 30

the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties & characteristics of an element

Back 30

atom

Front 31

an atom that has given up or gained electrons

Back 31

ion

Front 32

a substance that can be broken down into two or more different elements by ordinary chemical means

Back 32

compound