Aulner Tortora Chapter 19: The Cardiovascular System - The Blood

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hematocrit

Back 1

percentage of total blood volume occupied by RBCs

normal in adult fms 38%-46% (42% avg)
normal in adult ms 40%-54% (47% avg)

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hemoglobin

Back 2

oxygen-carrying protein which is a pigment that gives blood its color

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hematopoeisis

Back 3

(hemopoeisis) process by which formed elements of blood develop

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erythropoiesis

Back 4

production of RBCs

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platelet formation

Back 5

(platelet plug) aggregation of platelets at a site where a blood vessel is damaged that helps stop or slow blood flow

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hemocytoblast/hematocytoblast/pluripotent stem cell

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these cells have the capacity to develop into different types of cells

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leukopoiesis

Back 7

production of WBCs

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differential WBC count

Back 8

"diff"

a count of each of the five types of white blood cells

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hemolysis

Back 9

the rupture/destruction of RBCs

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reticulocytes

Back 10

cell near the end of erythropoeisis that has ejected the nucleus but retains some organelles; develops into mature RBCs in 1 to 2 days

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erythropoietin

Back 11

(EPO) hormone produced by kidney & increases the number of RBC precursors

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blood doping

Back 12

increasing RBC count to gain a competitive edge

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hypoxia

Back 13

cellular oxygen deficiency

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antigen

Back 14

substance with the ability to provoke an immune response & the ability to react with the antibodies or cells resulting from the immune response

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antibody

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protein produced by plasma cells in response to a specific antigen (combines with antigen to destroy it); immunoglobulin

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HDN

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hemolytic disease of the newborn

mother RH- and firstborn RH+, leaked RH from baby to mother causes mother to produce anti-RH, causes HDN when second baby is RH+ also

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agglutination

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clumping of RBCs when antibodies bind to antigens in an incompatible blood transfusion

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RH factor

Back 18

RH antigen found in blood

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polycythemia

Back 19

RBCs percentage is abnormally high (may have hematocrit that is 65% or higher)

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thalassemia

Back 20

deficient hemoglobin synthesis

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edema

Back 21

buildup of fluid in tissues

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anemia

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condition where oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is reduced

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sickle cell anemia

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RBCs contain abnormal hemoglobin Hb-S, bending erythrocytes in a sickle shape

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warfarin

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anticoagulant acting as antagonist to vitamin K, blocking synthesis of four clotting factors

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heparin

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anticoagulant produced by mast cells and basophils, increases antithrombin effectiveness

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venipuncture

Back 26

withdrawal of blood from a vein using a needle and collecting tube

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arterial puncture

Back 27

blood is drawn from artery to determine the level of oxygen in oxygenated blood

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leukemia

Back 28

red bone marrow cancers where abnormal white blood cells multiply uncontrollably

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hemophilia

Back 29

inherited deficiency of clotting where bleeding may occur spontaneously or after only minor trauma

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leukocytosis

Back 30

WBC count above the normal range

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leucopenia

Back 31

decrease in WBC numbers in blood, causing susceptibility to disease

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septicemia

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"blood poisoning"

toxins or disease-causing bacteria in the blood

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jaundice

Back 33

abnormal yellowish discoloration of the sclera of the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes due to excess bilirubin in blood

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thrombocytopenia

Back 34

very low platelet count that results in a tendency to bleed from capillaries

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prostacyclin

Back 35

a compound of the prostaglandin type that is produced in arterial walls

functions as an anticoagulant and vasodilator

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positive chemotaxis

Back 36

movement towards higher concentrations of certain chemicals