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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aquatic Exercise |
-the use of water that facilitates the application of established therapeutic interventions -includes stretching, strengthening, balance, gait training, and endurance training |
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Indications for Aquatic Exercise |
-facilitate ROM exercises -initiate resistance training -facilitate WB activities -enhance delivery of manual techniques -provide 3D access to patient -CV exercise -functional activity replication -minimize risk of injury/reinjury -enhance patient relaxation |
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Precautions of Aquatic Exericse |
-fear of water -neurological disorders: heat intolerance, ataxia, seizure disorders -respiratory disorders -cardiac dysfunction -small, open wounds -open lines (IV, Hickman, G-tubes, etc) |
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Contraindications of Aquatic Exercise |
-incipient cardiac failure/unstable angina -respiratory dysfunction -severe peripheral vascular disease -danger of bleeding/hemorrhage -severe kidney disease -open wounds -uncontrolled bowel/bladder -menstruation w/o internal protection -water/airborne infections/disease -uncontrolled seizures in last year |
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Buoyancy |
-upward thrust of water on body -weightlessness and joint unloading increases ease of active motion -moving against buoyancy strengthens muscles -allows practitioner 3D access to patient |
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Hydrostatic Pressure |
-pressure exerted by water on immersed objects -as density of water and depth of immersion increase, so does hydrostatic pressure -increased pressure reduces/limits effusion, assists venous return, induces bradycardia, and centralizes peripheral blood flow -patients can perform exercise more easily when closer to surface |
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Viscosity |
-friction of liquid resulting in resistance to flow -increasing velocity of patient movement increases the resistance -increasing surface area moving through water increases resistance |
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Surface Tension |
-attraction of surface molecules that acts as a membrane under tension -an extremity that moves through surface performs more work than if kept underwater -using equipment at surface increases resistance |
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Hydromechanics |
-properties/characteristics of fluid in motion -affected by laminar flow, turbulent flow, and drag |
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Laminar Flow |
-movement in which all molecules move parallel to each other -typically, slow movement |
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Turbulent Flow |
-movement in which molecules do not move parallel to each other -typically, faster movement |
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Drag |
cumulative effects of turbulence and fluid viscosity acting on an object in motion |
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Clinical Significance of Drag |
-moving water requires patient to work harder to maintain position in pool -application of equipment (glove/paddle/boot) increases drag and resistance as patient moves extremity through water |
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Temperature Transfer |
-water conducts temp 25x faster than air -patient moving through water loses body temp faster than an immersed patient at rest |
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Center of Buoyancy |
-reference point of an immersed object on which buoyant (vertical) forces of fluid predictably act -in vertical position, located at sternum -buoyancy devices cause patient to lean in opposite direction -patients WB on pool floor experience center of buoyancy and COG |
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Temperature Regulation |
-less opportunity to dissipate heat through normal sweating mechanisms -ideal water temps are b/w 25-37 degrees C -at 37 degrees C and above, CO increases significantly at rest alone |
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Aerobic Conditioning |
-performed in temps b/w 22-26 degrees C -higher temps are OK for RA patients -lower temps are OK for spasticity -max immersion time of 20 mins -always monitor vital signs -consider patient fatigue |
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Special Equipment for Aquatic Exercise |
-collars, rings, belts, and vests: positioning -swim bars: balance -gloves, hand paddles, and Hydro-tone balls: UE resistance -fins and Hydro-tone boots: LE resistance -kickboards: buoyancy, resistance, balance |
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Pool Care & Safety |
-cleaning should occur twice a week -chlorine/pH levels tested twice daily -walking surface should be slip-resistant and barrier-free -safety rules/emergency procedures should be posted and observed by all -life preservers should be readily available -at least one CPR-certified member present |
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Conditions That Can Be Treated With Aquatic Therapy |
-DJD -total joint replacement -LE amputation -MS -fibromyalgia -emphysema/asthma |
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Benefits of Aquatic Therapy |
-warm water decreases muscle tension, tightness, or spasm -facilitates relaxation/functional movement -helps with proprioception -buoyancy decreases joint stress -hydrostatic pressure decreases swelling/increases synovial fluid |
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Land Versus Water Training |
-water helps keep you in postural alignment -work seems effortless/painless in water -increased flexibility in water -muscle pairs are used efficiently to maintain erect body alignment and balance |
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Documentation of Aquatic Therapy |
-patient comments relating to increased function in water vs. land -portions of treatment that require the PTA's skills -what can the patient do in water that they cannot do on land -how is functional status improving? |
