Theory Of Flight Midterm

Front 1

Is an envelope of air that surround the Earth and rests upon its surface

Back 1

Atmosphere

Front 2

It has mass,weight and indefinite shape

Back 2

Atmosphere

Front 3

The atmosphere is composed of ____ percent nitrogen, ___percent oxygen and __percent other gases such as ___ or ____

Back 3

78,21,1, argon or helium

Front 4

The heavier elements such as ____ settle to the surface of the Earth while the lighter elements are lifted up to the region of higher altitude

Back 4

Oxygen

Front 5

Most of the atmosphere's oxygen is contained below _____feet altitude

Back 5

35,000 ft

Front 6

Spacecraft can be located at

Back 6

400 km in exosphere

Front 7

Satellites can be found at the

Back 7

800km in exosphere

Front 8

The supersonic planes can be found at the

Back 8

40km in stratopause

Front 9

Commercial aircrafts can be found at

Back 9

10km in tropopause

Front 10

Small aircrafts can be found at

Back 10

4km in troposphere

Front 11

1km is equals to _____ft

Back 11

3280.84

Front 12

Take on the shape of their containers

Back 12

Fluid

Front 13

Generally do not resist deformation when even the smallest stress is applied or they resist it only slightly

Back 13

Fluids

Front 14

Have the ability to flow

Back 14

Fluid

Front 15

Same as the gasses, like the may be considered also as

Back 15

Fluids but in the form of gas

Front 16

Just as a liquid flows and fills a container, air will

Back 16

Expand to fill the available volume of its container

Front 17

What is fluid?

Back 17

They have the ability to flow. They do not resist deformation only slightly. Take on the shape of their containers

Front 18

Is the property of a fluid that causes it to resist flowing

Back 18

Viscosity

Front 19

How we will determine how much a fluid can resists flow?

Back 19

It is the way of fluid tend to adhere, or stick to each other

Front 20

High viscosity fluids are

Back 20

Thick and resist flow

Front 21

Low viscosity fluids are

Back 21

Thin and flow easily

Front 22

How will fluid relate to the air?

Back 22

Air has a low viscosity and flows easily. All fluids are viscous and have a resistance to flow

Front 23

It is the resistance that one surface or object encounters when moving over another

Back 23

Friction

Front 24

Exists between any two materials thay contact each other

Back 24

Friction

Front 25

The surface roughness causes

Back 25

Resistance and slows the velocity of the air flowing

Front 26

is a primary control surface that control the aircraft around its longitudinal. Controls by a control stick

Back 26

aileron

Front 27

Is a control surface that control the aircraft movement on its lateral axis.

Back 27

Elevator

Front 28

Is a control surface that control the aircraft movement on its vertical axis.

Back 28

Rudder

Front 29

Axes of an aircraft

Back 29

Longitudinal

Lateral

Vertical

Front 30

Imaginary line that extend from nose to tail of an aircraft.

Back 30

Longitudinal axis

Front 31

Imaginary line that extend from wing tip to wing tip of an aircraft.

Back 31

Lateral axis

Front 32

Imaginary line that extend from center of an aircraft to center of gravity of an aircraft.

Back 32

Vertical axis

Front 33

Aircraft Movement

Back 33

Yaw

Roll

Pitch

Front 34

Movement of an aircraft on its vertical Axis.

Back 34

Yaw

Front 35

Movement of an aircraft on its longitudinal Axis.

Back 35

Roll

Front 36

Movement of an aircraft on its lateral Axis.

Back 36

Pitch

Front 37

Secondary Flight Control Surfaces

Back 37

Flaps

Elevator trims

Trim tabs

Front 38

used for landing & take off to increase lift and drag.

Back 38

Flaps

Front 39

Used to balance condition in flight

Back 39

Elevator trims

Front 40

An auxiliary flight control surface that enables a pilot to make adjustments during flight to correct any unbalanced.

Back 40

Trim tabs

Front 41

Is the force applied in a perpendicular direction to the surface of an object

Back 41

Pressure

Front 42

inlet of the atmospheric pressure.

Back 42

Static port

Front 43

inlet of the atmospheric pressure.

Back 43

Static port

Front 44

measures the speed of the aircraft vertically

Back 44

Vertical speed indicator

Front 45

pressure is measured in

Back 45

pounds of force exerted per square inch of an object, or PSI

Front 46

pressure is measured in

Back 46

pounds of force exerted per square inch of an object, or PSI

Front 47

If the pressure on one surface of the object becomes less than the pressure exerted on the other surfaces, the object will

Back 47

move in the direction of the lower pressure.

Front 48

Is one of the basic factors in weather changes, helps to lift an aircraft, and actuates some of the important flight instruments.

Back 48

Atmospheric pressure

Front 49

Pilots main concern

Back 49

Atmospheric pressure

Front 50

Why pilots main concern is atmospheric pressure?

Back 50

Because the atmospheric pressure is one of the basic factors in weather changes, helps to lift an aircraft, and actuates some of the important flight instruments.

Front 51

Important flight instruments

Back 51

altimeter

airspeed indicator

vertical speed indicator

manifold pressure gauge

Front 52

Since air is a fluid substance, this force is exerted equally in all directions. Its effect on bodies within the air is called

Back 52

Pressure

Front 53

Under standard conditions at sea level, the average pressure exerted by the weight of the atmosphere is approximately

Back 53

14.70 pounds per square inch (psi) of surface, or 1,013.2 millibars (mb).

Front 54

the higher the altitude, the ____ air there is above.

Back 54

Less

Front 55

The pressure of the atmosphere varies with

Back 55

Time and location

Front 56

The standard atmosphere at sea level is a surface temperature of _____ and a surface pressure of ________. [Figure 4-2]

Back 56

59 °F or 15 °C , 29.92 inches of mercury ("Hg) or 1,013.2 mb

Front 57

standard atmosphere at sea level is a surface temperature of

Back 57

59°F or 15°C

Front 58

The standard atmosphere on a surface pressure of

Back 58

29.92 inches of mercury ("Hg) or 1,013.2 mb.

Front 59

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has established this as a worldwide standard, and it is often referred to as

Back 59

International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) or ICAO Standard Atmosphere.

Front 60

ICAO means

Back 60

International Civil Aviation Organization

Front 61

is when pressure decreases at a rate of approximately 1 "Hg per 1,000 feet of altitude gain to 10,000 feet.

Back 61

Standard pressure lapse rate

Front 62

Newtons First Law of Motion (Inertia)

Back 62

Every object persists in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed on it.”

Front 63

Second Newtons Law of Motion (Law of Acceleration)

Back 63

“Force is equal to the change in momentum per change in time. For a constant mass, force equals mass times acceleration.”

Front 64

Newton’s Third Law: law of interaction

Back 64

“For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.”

Front 65

Bernoulli’s Principle states that

Back 65

as the velocity of a moving fluid (liquid or gas) increases, the pressure within the fluid decreases.

Front 66

Bernoulli’s Principle of Differential Pressure was discovered by

Back 66

Daniel Bernoulli

Front 67

Daniel Bernoulli explained

Back 67

how the pressure of a moving fluid (liquid or gas) varies with its speed of motion

Front 68

This principle explains what happens to air passing over the curved top of the airplane wing

Back 68

Bernoulli's Principle

Front 69

A practical application of Bernoulli’s Principle is the

Back 69

venturi tube

Front 70

are large tubes with air moving inside .

Back 70

Wind tunnels

Front 71

are used to copy the actions of an object in flight. Researchers used it to learn more about how an aircraft will fly.

Back 71

Wind tunnel

Front 72

It is a design to provide a desired reaction force when in motion relative to the surrounding air

Back 72

Airfoil

Front 73

And it is design to produce lift

Back 73

Airfoil

Front 74

Airfoil has different curvatures or we call it

Back 74

Cambers

Front 75

Back 75

Front 76

is the upper and lower surfaces of the airfoil.

Back 76

Camber

Front 77

The two extremities of airfoil is the

Back 77

leading edge and the trailing edge

Front 78

The rounded end, which faces forward in flight

Back 78

leading edge

Front 79

is quite narrow and tapered.

Back 79

Trailing edge

Front 80

it is straight line drawn through the profile connecting the extremities of the leading and trailing edges

Back 80

Cord Line

Front 81

it is a reference line from the leading edge to the trailing edge that is equidistant at all points from the upper and lower surfaces.

Back 81

Mean Camber Line

Front 82

Flat bottom airfoil means

Back 82

Good lift/Low drag

Front 83

Under camber airfoil means

Back 83

High lift/ High drag

Front 84

Flat (No airfoil)

Back 84

Poor lift/ no drag

Front 85

Symmetrical airfoil

Back 85

Good lift/Low drag

Front 86

Airfoil designs

Back 86

1. Early airfoil

2. Later airfoil

3. Clark "Y" airfoil (subsonic)

4. Laminar flow airfoil (subsonic)

5. Circular arc airfoil (supersonic)

6. Double wedge airfoil (supersonic)

Front 87

An airfoil is constructed in such a way that its shape takes advantage of the air’s response to certain physical laws. This develops two actions from the air mass:

Back 87

a positive pressure lifting action from the air mass below the wing, and a negative pressure lifting action from lowered pressure above the wing.

Front 88

When the air speeds up, the pressure also_____ . Past the constriction, the airflow slows and the pressure ____

Back 88

decreases , increases

Front 89

Applying Bernoulli’s Principle of Pressure, the increase in the speed of the air across the top of an airfoil produces a ____ in pressure.

Back 89

drop

Front 90

The downward backward flow from the top surface of an airfoil creates a

Back 90

Downwash

Front 91

This downwash meets the flow from

Back 91

the bottom of the airfoil at the trailing edge.

Front 92

Applying Newton’s third law, the reaction of this downward backward flow results in an _______ force on the airfoil.

Back 92

upward forward