Chapter-2
Preliminaries
2.1 Fluid
Fluid is an any medium that possesses a capability of flow. It lacks a precise outline and assumes the shape of the vessel, in which it is positioned. Fluids can be further categorized in two groups. Liquids. Gases. Fluid mechanics
Fluid mechanics deals with the mechanics of fluids and the forces acting upon them (liquids, gases, or plasmas). It can be divided into three sub-categories. Fluid statics. Fluid kinematics. Fluid dynamics.
2.2.1 Fluid Statics
Studying the fluids at rest is called fluid statics.
2.2.2 Fluid kinematics
Studying the fluids in motion without keeping the presence of any forces which cause this motion is called fluid kinematics.
2.2.3 Fluid dynamics
Studying the fluids in motion, …show more content…
Incompressible fluids. Real fluids. Ideal fluids. Compressible Fluids
If the volume or density of a fluid, varies at small scale according to changing pressure or temperature, then the fluid is called compressible fluid. For example, the air flowing at 120 mile/hour.
2.3.2 Incompressible Fluids
If the volume or density does not vary according to the pressure or temperature, the fluid is called incompressible fluid. As of water.
2.3.3 Real Fluids
If the fluid having non-zero viscosity (μ) are called real fluids i.e. μ = 0: For example, ink etc.
2.4 Newton’s law of Viscosity
Newton’s law of viscosity expresses the relation between shear stress and the shear rate, shear stress is directly proportional to the shear rate. Mathematically we can represent it as: τ= μ du/dy , where μ is viscosity.
2.5 Newtonian Fluids
Fluids obeys the Newton’s law of viscosity, are termed as Newtonian fluids. Mathematically it is represented as: τ= μ du/dy , where τ is shear stress, μ is the viscosity and du/dy is the deformation rate.
2.6 Non-Newtonian Fluids
Fluids not obeying Newton’s law of viscosity are termed as non-Newtonian fluids. In case of Newtonian fluids, the shear stress τ varies with the shear rate du/dy , while …show more content…
2.7.5 Steady flow
The flow in which the velocity of fluid particles do not change with time at every point, and the flow pattern remains the same.
2.7.6 Unsteady flow
The flow in which the velocity of fluid particles changes at any point, with time.
2.7.7 Couette flow
In fluid dynamics, Couette flow is the laminar flow of the viscous fluid in the space available between the two parallel plates, one of which is moving as comparative to the other. The flow is driven by quality of viscous drag force, which is acting on the fluid and the applied pressure gradient parallel to the plates.
2.7.8 Poiseuille flow
The laminar or streamline flow of an incompressible viscous fluid, particularly through a long and narrow cylinder.
2.7.9 Rotational flow
The flow where fluid particles, while flowing, rotate around their own axis.
2.7.10 Viscous flow
It is the category of the fluid flow, in which there is a continuous steady motion of the particles, the motion at an immovable point always remains the constant.
2.7.11 Incompressible
Preliminaries
2.1 Fluid
Fluid is an any medium that possesses a capability of flow. It lacks a precise outline and assumes the shape of the vessel, in which it is positioned. Fluids can be further categorized in two groups. Liquids. Gases. Fluid mechanics
Fluid mechanics deals with the mechanics of fluids and the forces acting upon them (liquids, gases, or plasmas). It can be divided into three sub-categories. Fluid statics. Fluid kinematics. Fluid dynamics.
2.2.1 Fluid Statics
Studying the fluids at rest is called fluid statics.
2.2.2 Fluid kinematics
Studying the fluids in motion without keeping the presence of any forces which cause this motion is called fluid kinematics.
2.2.3 Fluid dynamics
Studying the fluids in motion, …show more content…
Incompressible fluids. Real fluids. Ideal fluids. Compressible Fluids
If the volume or density of a fluid, varies at small scale according to changing pressure or temperature, then the fluid is called compressible fluid. For example, the air flowing at 120 mile/hour.
2.3.2 Incompressible Fluids
If the volume or density does not vary according to the pressure or temperature, the fluid is called incompressible fluid. As of water.
2.3.3 Real Fluids
If the fluid having non-zero viscosity (μ) are called real fluids i.e. μ = 0: For example, ink etc.
2.4 Newton’s law of Viscosity
Newton’s law of viscosity expresses the relation between shear stress and the shear rate, shear stress is directly proportional to the shear rate. Mathematically we can represent it as: τ= μ du/dy , where μ is viscosity.
2.5 Newtonian Fluids
Fluids obeys the Newton’s law of viscosity, are termed as Newtonian fluids. Mathematically it is represented as: τ= μ du/dy , where τ is shear stress, μ is the viscosity and du/dy is the deformation rate.
2.6 Non-Newtonian Fluids
Fluids not obeying Newton’s law of viscosity are termed as non-Newtonian fluids. In case of Newtonian fluids, the shear stress τ varies with the shear rate du/dy , while …show more content…
2.7.5 Steady flow
The flow in which the velocity of fluid particles do not change with time at every point, and the flow pattern remains the same.
2.7.6 Unsteady flow
The flow in which the velocity of fluid particles changes at any point, with time.
2.7.7 Couette flow
In fluid dynamics, Couette flow is the laminar flow of the viscous fluid in the space available between the two parallel plates, one of which is moving as comparative to the other. The flow is driven by quality of viscous drag force, which is acting on the fluid and the applied pressure gradient parallel to the plates.
2.7.8 Poiseuille flow
The laminar or streamline flow of an incompressible viscous fluid, particularly through a long and narrow cylinder.
2.7.9 Rotational flow
The flow where fluid particles, while flowing, rotate around their own axis.
2.7.10 Viscous flow
It is the category of the fluid flow, in which there is a continuous steady motion of the particles, the motion at an immovable point always remains the constant.
2.7.11 Incompressible