Module One

Front 1

What does HOPRS stand for?

Back 1

H: History

O: Observation

P: Palpation

R: Resisted muscle & ROM testing

S: Special Tests

Front 2

In the list of history questions, what is the first question to ask a client?

Back 2

"What brings you in today?"

Front 3

Describe the following gait abnormalities;

Anatalgic, Ataxic, & Hemiplegic.

Back 3

Anatalgic: Protects against pain and further

injury (ex: Limping).

Ataxic: Due to nerve damage, feet apart for

balance, movements exaggerated.

Hemiplegic: Leg swings into abduction & flexion, affected arm in shoulder adduction, elbow and wrist flexed and pronated.

Front 4

List three basic strokes from the Riggs textbook and describe their purpose.

Back 4

Lengthening strokes; elongate short muscle.

Anchor and stretch; targets tight or fibrosed area in a muscle.

Cross fibre strokes; stimulate collagen

production.

Front 5

List other areas of the body that may be used by the therapist to substitute thumbs.

Back 5

Fingers, knuckles, fist, forearm, and elbow.

Front 6

What are three reasons Riggs encourages active instead of passive movement with clients while preforming strokes?

Back 6

1. Therapist can see and feel restrictions.

2. Frees other hand to work while stretching

tissue.

3. Makes use of reciprocal inhibition.

Front 7

What is "DOMS"?

Back 7

Delayed onset muscle soreness

Inflammatory reaction from minor Ms tearing; creates excess edema.

Front 8

List three observations you may notice while

preforming gait analysis.

Back 8

1. Foot position

2. Pelvic tilts

3. Position of trunk

4. Depressed shoulder

5. Limping

6. Short strides

7. Foot position and heel arch.

Front 9

What are three visual indicators you for for spring postural assessment?

Back 9

Body symmetry, skin texture & appearance,

muscle contours, atrophy, inflammation, swelling, previous injuries, scars.

Front 10

What is a plump line?

Back 10

A frame of reference for accurate postal evaluation, string with weight at the end hanging from the ceiling.

Front 11

The evaluation process to gather information to form a treatment plan is

Back 11

A: Assessment

B: Treatment Plan

C: HOPRS

D: Evaluation

Front 12

Explain the term diagnoses.

Back 12

Diagnoses is the labelling of a disease, illness,

or condition made by a licensed practicing

medical professional.

Front 13

Give three reasons why assessment is necessary.

Back 13

Determines what tissues are involved.

Determines contraindications, and whether mx

is appropriate.

Gives therapist an idea of suspected condition.

Determines the tissues involved and overall health of tissues.

Front 14

Describe the difference between HOPRS and SOAP.

Back 14

HOPRS: structured method of orthopaedic

assessment.

SOAP: documentation results of assessment.

Front 15

Describe SOAP.

Back 15

Documentation of assessment.

S: Subjective, clients perspective of health

history.

O: Objective, therapists observations, testing,

physician findings.

A: Assessment, therapists educated idea of

condition.

P: Plan, how therapist will treat client today &

in future sessions.

Front 16

What is stress response?

Back 16

The body's non specific response to any demand

made upon it.

Front 17

Name 3 benefits massage has on stress.

Back 17

Breaks positive feedback loops.

Decreases muscle tone.

Decreases pain.

Calms emotions.

Encourages slow mindful breathing.

Decreases cortisol levels.

Front 18

What is hyperalgesia pain?

Back 18

Lowered threshold for pain and increased amount of pain in response to a given supra threshold stimulus.

Front 19

What is Alldoynia?

Back 19

Pain evoked by stimuli, which normal aren't painful but tactile or thermal.

Front 20

What is referred pain?

Back 20

Injury to viscera, muscle, or other structures but

felt as coming from another.

Front 21

What are four benefits of massage on scars?

Back 21

Softens scar tissue.

Frees restriction.

Increase fibroblast activity.

Increases circulation.

Desensitizes.

Front 22

What is step length?

What is stride length?

Back 22

Step length is the distance from the point of first contact of one foot to the point of first contact of the opposite foot.

Stride length is the distance from the point of contact of one foot to the next point of contact of the same foot.

Front 23

The Gait Cycle consists of two phases. What are the phases called, and explain each.

Back 23

Stance phase is when the foot is in contact with the group and is weight bearing. 0-60

Swing phase is when the foot is not fixed to the ground and is non weight bearing. 61-100

Front 24

Stance phase is divided into five parts, name them.

Back 24

1. Initial contact or heel strike.

2. Load response or foot flat.

3. Midstance or push off.

4. Terminal stance of acceleration phase.

5. Pre swing or toe off.

Front 25

Swing phase is divided into three parts, name them.

Back 25

1. Initial swing.

2. Mid swing.

3. Terminal swing or deceleration.

Front 26

Muscle strength testing evaluates, what?

Back 26

Integrity of musculotendinous structures and nervous dysfunction. It DOES NOT evaluate joint structures.

Front 27

An area of skin innervated by a single nerve root is called a:

Back 27

Dermatome.

Front 28

A skeletal muscle or group of muscles whose motor axons are supplied by a single spinal nerve root is a;

Back 28

Myotome.

Front 29

A clinical impression should contain...

Back 29

Signs: ex hypertonicity weakness

Symptoms: ex headache, pain redness

Location of injury: ex low back, shoulder, neck

Stage of healing: ex acute, chronic

Condition: ex bursitis, scoliosis

Possible cause: ex overuse, immobility, repetitive

Front 30

What is fibromyalgia aka fibrositis?

Back 30

Fibromyalgia is a disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain in association with tenderness in 11/18 points on the body. There are no referral patterns or taut bands in the

tissue. Women are more susceptible than men.

Symptoms include; irritable bladder, numbness in the face, arms, hands, legs or feet. Difficulty remembering, tension or miagrane headaches, insomnia, waking up tired.

Treatment; focus on relaxation, broad lighter techniques, baths, hydro therapy.

Contraindications; avoid deep work and over

stretching. Client will fatigue easily, shorter sessions are recommended.

Front 31

What is chronic fatigue syndrome?

Back 31

An endemic disorder that is linked to an initial viral infection and results in a spectrum of symptoms, primarily fatigue.

Symptoms: flu like illness, low grade fever. Physical and mental exhaustion. Chills followed with sweats.

Treatment; relaxation focus.

Front 32

Why is stretching important?

Back 32

Lengthens soft tissue, promotes good muscle balance, overtime better muscle function and more power.

Front 33

Which of the following is an appropriate

description for passive stretching?

Back 33

A) Combines passive and isometric stretching to achieve maximum static flexibility

(PNF stretching)

B: Assume position and hold it with another part of body or with partner assisting (Passive stretching).

C: Static stretching, applying resistance manually to ones own limb with assisting partner

(isometric stretching)/

Front 34

Formation of bone is known as;

Back 34

ossification

Front 35

Crepitus is;

Back 35

cracking sound often heard in joints upon

movement.

Front 36

What is inflammatory response?

Back 36

Redness, pain, swelling, itching, heat. A tissue reaction to injury or invasion.

Front 37

Avulsion is;

A: Separation from a body part

B: Excess blood in a body part

C: restriction of blood supply

Back 37

A: Separation from a body part.

Front 38

What is ischemia?

Back 38

Restriction of blood supply.

Front 39

A disc is a flat, circular, plate like structure, true or false?

Back 39

TRUE

Front 40

Describe the term bursae.

Back 40

A fibrous sac between tendon and the bone

beneath it.

Front 41

ROM & Resisted Testing; name the order of tests.

Back 41

AROM

PROM

MRT

Front 42

Define contractile tissue;

Back 42

Produce movement

Front 43

Define inert tissue;

Back 43

Are moved in process (nerves, bursar, fascia).

Front 44

What side is always tested first when preform ROM, etc. tests?

Back 44

Unaffected side.

Front 45

Name two types of normal end feels

Back 45

Soft Tissue Approximation

Muscular or Tissue stretch

Front 46

Name two types of abnormal end feels

Back 46

Empty

Muscle Spasm

Boggy or soft

Springy block

Capsular stretch

Front 47

Principles of RM testing

Back 47

Joint to be tested must be placed in mid range.

Muscles to be tested must be isolated by the resisted motion.

Examiner should be positioned adequately to provide sufficient counter strain.

Muscles must be tested at full strength.

Front 48

What is the difference between assessment

and diagnosis?

Back 48

Assessment is a systematic evaluation process

to gather information necessary to form a

treatment plan.

Diagnosis is the identification of a disease,

illness or condition made by a licensed medical professional.

Front 49

Explain the possible results of the following

muscle tests:

Back 49

Strong and pain free may indicate: normal

Strong and painful: local lesion of ms or tendon

Weak and painful: severe lesion around joint, possible fracture.

Weak and painless: rupture of muscle

Painful on repetition: chronic lesion currently

being treated

All tests painful: severe pathology

Front 50

If pain is present in active and resisted testing, but not passive the the cause is likely ... tissue.

Back 50

CONTRACTILE

Front 51

Describe the term contractile.

Back 51

Ability to shorten or contract ms/tendon.

Front 52

If pain is present in active and passive, but not

resisted, cause is likely ... tissue.

Back 52

INERT

Front 53

Describe the term inert.

Back 53

Unable to move, no power or action.

Front 54

Name two normal end feels, and describe each.

Back 54

STA (Soft tissue approximation): full ROM

restricted by ms bulk.

Muscular or tissue stretch: joint capsule stretched at end of normal ROM, may feel like an elastic band.

Front 55

Describe a trigger point.

Back 55

A trigger point is a hyper irritable, hypersensitive, tender point located in a taut band of muscle or fascial tissue which gives rise to a typical referral pattern and possibly twitch response and causes muscle shortening.

Front 56

There are three types of trigger points, what are they?

Back 56

1. Active TP

2. Latent TP

3. Satellite TP

Front 57

Describe an active TP.

Back 57

Referred pain pattern at rest or movement

Prevents full lengthening of ms

Ms is weak

Typical pain referral pattern when compressed

Stretching causes pain

Palpation produces twitch response

Front 58

Describe a latent TP.

Back 58

Pain on palpation

No pain when ms is at rest

Can become active TP by referred pain, overuse, stretching.

Front 59

Describe a satellite TP.

Back 59

Found in pain pattern of primary TP

Cause is idiopathic

Perpetuation factors are nutritional deficiency, hormonal imbalance, allergies, poor circulation, cold temp, trauma, overwork, depression, lack of

sleep.

Front 60

Describe fascia.

Back 60

Fascia is a slightly mobile connective tissue composed of an least-collagenous complex. Fascia surrounds and infuses every organ, muscle, bone, nerve, and blood vessel all the way down to the cellular level. There are three classifications of fascia, superficial, deep, and deepest.

Front 61

Describe superficial fascia, deep fascia, and

deepest fascia.

Back 61

Superficial: lies directly below dermis

Deep: surrounding and infusing muscle, bone, nerves, blood vessels, and organs to cellular

level.

Deepest: the Dural system, encasing the CNS and the brain.