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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Romanticism |
Exotic Settings: Glorification of the "rugged individual," A yearning for an idealized past, an appeal to the concept of a higher truth Music: Ludwig van Beethoven Literature: Edgar Allan Poe, Emily Dickinson |
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Realism & Naturalism |
-Character is determined in part by environment -Setting required to play a larger role therefore representing the societal forces that shape character and consequently action -Each plays scenic needs are unique -Scientific outlook is important: understanding human behavior in terms of cause and effect -Truth must be verified through the 5 senses -Writers of both realist and naturalist movement saw the decline in America's ethics and felt a strong sense of pessism |
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Realism |
-Rejects romanticism -Sought to portray real and typical contemporary people and situations with truth and accuracy -Led by Gustave France -Application to arts and literature, of the belief that "the truth of everything can be confirmed through scientific inquiry." |
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Naturalism |
-More pessimistic in tone -Acknowledged that forces greater than man, such as nature and fate, were in control -The Civil War was a contributing force in literature at this time |
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Sturm and Drang (Storm and Stress) |
-Experimental movement of young men in revolt against rationalism -Completely formless rebellion against neoclassicism -Freidrich Maximillian Klinger- 'Storm and Stress' - Plays showed a wide variety which confused audiences -Intention was to challenge all artistic and social values -Allowed greater acceptance of Shakespeare's plays |
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Weimer Classicism |
-Drama should transform ordinary expeirence rather than create an illusion of real life -Blank verse -Conventionalized structural patterns -Simple but harmonious settings and costumes -Precise rhythmic speech -Attempted to lead spectators beyond normal perceptions into the realm of Ideal Truth -Very complex interweaving historical, philosophical and individual conflicts -Idea of the distinction between classical and romantic poetry |
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The Aesthetic Movement |
-Artists shouldn't be concerned about morality or utility or the pleasure it might bring to the audience -Don't define art, let it be what it is -"All art is at once surface and symbol......It is the spectator, and not life, that art really mirrors"-Wilde |
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Independent Theatre Movements |
-Andre Antoine -Constantin Stanislavskyn |
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Georg II: Duke of Saxe Meiningen |
-Invented blocking -Choreographed large crowd scenes, stunning audiences -Known for developing the Meiningen Ensemble using his court theatre -Creates illusion of everyday life |
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Caroline Neuber and Johann Gottsched |
-Agreed to work together to reform the theatre in Germany Alliance between a literary figure and an acting troupes -Developed a repertory -Improvisation and burlesque after-pieces eliminated -Translated or imitated the French Neoclassical plays The ideal form of drama -Their efforts weren't very successful, didn't capture a large enough audience -Did lay a path for the future |
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Gotthold Lessing |
-1st truly significant dramatist in Germany -'Miss Sara Sampson' -Focus was on new rationalism -Spurred the movement away from neoclassicism |
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Johann Wolfgang von Goethe |
-Greatest literary figure(Universal Genius) -Made significant contributions to the Storm and Stress movement -'Iphigenia in Tauris' (one of his greatest achievements) |
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Freidrich Schiller |
-Considered one of the greatest literary dramatists -Abandoned playwriting to study history -In turn focused on turning points in history for his works |
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Fyodor Volkov |
-Founder of the 1st Russian Professional Theatre |
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Maxim Gorky |
-His political statements get him exiled -Moscow Art Theatre becomes known as 'House of Gorky' |
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August Comte |
-Father of sociology -Developed a theory known as Positivism(an encouragement for understanding the cause and effect of nature through precise observation |
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Charles Darwin |
-Survival of the Fittest --People were controlled by heredity and environment, behaviors were beyond their control, humanity is a natural object, rather than being above all else -'The Origin of Species' |
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Karl Marx |
-Wanted to move away from a capitalist environment and more towards distributing wealth equally reguarding the working class |
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Sigmund Freud |
-The only human instincts are: aggression and sexuality/self-preservation and procreation -Reward and punishment teach humans what is acceptable -Language and behavior are only partial indicators of a persons 'state of mind' |
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The Romantic Poets -Coleridge -Lord Bryon -Sir Walter Scott |
C: Willing suspension of disbelief LB: Member of Drury Lane and successful SWS: Best known for novels |
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