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8 Cards in this Set
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- Back
General Caprivi was successful in directing political affairs 1890-1894 |
-Wilhelm II favoured a military figure -Caprivi was personally selected -Had the Kaiser's blessing to set out a 'New Course' -This new course contrasted against Bismarck's conservative policies: >ended Anti-socialist Law >more influence over policy-making for ministers >reductions in tariffs >social reforms (recognition of trade unions, reduction in working hours, progressive income tax) -Reforms were welcomed by the working class, socialists, industrialists, Zentrum and Liberals -Caprivi agreed to reduce military service from 3 to 2 years in 1893 -allowed the Reichstag to discuss the military budget every 5 years instead of 7 -SO the Reichstag passed a bill to increase the size of the army by 84,000 men |
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General Caprivi was unsuccessful in directing political affairs 1890-1894 |
-The 'New Course was opposed to by Conservatives, Prussian landowners, and the circle of aristocrats -Wilhelm demanded that Caprivi win approval for higher takes to support the increased military expenditure, even thought the details of the plan were not given to the Reichstag so Caprivi could not justify the need for money: 'Schlieffen Plan' -Caprivi found the Kaiser difficult to work with -Wilhelm II interfered when Caprivi tried to allow both the Protestants and Catholics more control over education, and the bill had to be withdrawn -Wilhelm decided on a Anti-Socialist subversion bill needed again (he was becoming more conservative but the Socialists had more influence in Reichstag) -Phillipp Zu Eulenburg encouraged Kaiser to act independently -Caprivi resigned because he couldn't rule without the interference of the Kaiser- described relations with Wilhelm as 'intolerable' |
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Prince Hohenlohe was successful in dealing with political affairs 1894-1900 |
No evidence to supports this. |
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Prince Hohenlohe was unsuccessful dealing with political affairs 1894-1900 |
Kaisers choice: >little more than a figure head chancellor, Kaiser described him as 'straw doll' >Hohenlohe tried to do as Kaiser asked and introduced two bills to curb socialist 'subversion' however this was thrown out by the Reichstag because Conservative representatives had fallen Ignored/ replaced: -Wilhelm turned to his Minister for the Interior 1899 to try to pass a bill imposing prison sentences for strike action deemed harmful to 'public security' -Kaiser ignored Hohenlohe and domestic aaffairs, he became interested in colonial expansion ans Weltpolitik -Wilhelm's court circle which included Admiral Von Tirpitz, the Naval secretary believed Wetpolitik would unite people Other people/groups began to direct political affairs: -Pressure groups emerged: >Naval League, aimed to promote naval expansion, develop popular support, put pressure on the Reichstag to pass Naval bills to promote the growth of colonies >Army League, aimed to promote the expansion of German Army, pressurised Reichsag to pass army bills Sammlungspolitik: -a policy supported by the Kaiser aiming to unite political parties and groups in favour of 'Wetpolitik' it was hoped that the popularity of this policy would reduce the influence of the socialists but conservatives who would support his are declining in support Bad relationship: -a disagreement over colonial policy gave excuse for Hohenlohe to resign -glad of the opportunity to escape his unpredictable master and quarrelsome Reichstag |
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Count Bulow was successful in directing political affairs 1900-1909 |
-Bulow was the first Chancellor that the Kaiser really trusted -Bulow abandoned the agressive anti-socialist aspect of Sammulsungpolitik, but tried to win support by appealing to patriotism -a new tariff law restored duties on agricultural products and a few key manufacturers which revenue for navy and appeased agrarian interest however it fell short of what the Agrarian League had demanded |
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Count Bulow was unsuccessful in directing political affairs 1900-1909 |
-Nicknamed 'the eel' (no backbone?) -The Minister of the Interior, Podasowsky-Wehner diverted his energies towards develping social securities 1900-1903, hoping to draw support away from socialists through introducing a series of reforms -Other reforms resulted from socialist power, introduction of a secret ballet 1904 which was the establishment of payment for Reichstag deputies 1906 -There was repressive action against the Poles and other minorities so there was a growth in anti-semitism -The Bulow Block: >Resorted to small tax on legacies which caused hostility form Bundesrat and Conservatives >Won an overwhelming victory but found it difficult to hold together Bulow's finance bill of June 1909 was defeated by Conservatives, Progressive Liberals, Zentrum and Socialists >scandals about his alleged homosexuality >He failed to stop damaging reports that the Kaiser gave to the British Daily Telegraph -1905 his relationship with the Kaiser was no longer harmonious -Bulow failed top control the Reichstag and win approval for Kaisers increased military spending Opposed by Zentrum and SPD when income raised by new tariffs laws were insufficient so he tried to force increased taxes -Resigned |
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Bethmann-Hollweg was successful in directing political affairs 1909-1917 |
-Wilhelm was pleased to have a chancellor who allowed him to have control over the military and foreign affairs -Introduction of Universal Male Suffrage at 21 years in 1911 -July 1913 despite fierce opposition, Reichstag was persuaded to agree to a large increase in the size of the army HOWEVER only because it was funded by a special 'defence tax' on the value of property |
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Bethmann-Hollweg was unsuccessful in directing political affairs 1909-1917 |
-Relationship with the Kaiser was less harmonious than Bulow's -he gave control of the military and foreign budget to Kaiser -He had the impossible task of reconciling a budget defecit with demands for increased expenditure -had to put up with constant demands from left wing -The left wing pressed for a reform or the three-stage voting system of the Prussian Landtag in 1910 -He failed to push the patriotism theme -One in three Germans voted for SPD which became the largest party in the Reichstag -SPD and Progressive Libs had a left wing majority -Chancellor could no longer win majorities for his politics -Was forced to lobby support on measures as they arose, rather than relying on a fixed party or policy -Vote of no confidence for Chancellor held in parliament in 1913 -He presided in July Crisis which led Germany to War in 1914 |
