The Brain

Front 1

In development the brain begins as

Back 1

A neural tube which becomes forebrain (prosencephalon) midbrain (mesencephalon) and hind brain (rhombencephalon)

Front 2

anterior forebrain

Back 2

telencephalon

Front 3

posterior forebrain

Back 3

diencephalon

Front 4

two parts of the hindbrain

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mentencephalon and mylencephalon

Front 5

What does ICP stand for?

Back 5

intracranial pressure. It can collapse blood vessels and slow blood flow.

Front 6

What does a lumbar tap do and where is the puncture made?

Back 6

measures ICP and in the subarachnoid space between 3r/4th vertabrae

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corpus callosum

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a broad flat bundle of axons connecting the cerebral hemispheres

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gyri

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ridges/convolutions

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sulcus

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deep grooves

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fissure

Back 10

very deep groove

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longitudinal fissure

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seperates right and left cerebral hemisheres

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transverse fissure

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seperates cerebrum from cerbebellum

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cerebral cortex

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thin layer of gray matter which is the outermost portion of cerebrum. covers gyri and dips into sulci and fissures. 75% of neuron cell bodies in nervous system

Front 14

white matter

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under cerebral cortex makes up bulk of the cerebrum. has bundles of mylenated axons that connects cortex with other parts of the nervous system.

Front 15

functions of cerbral cortex

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higher thought. Interprete impulses, intating voluntary movements, storing info as memory,.

Front 16

postier central gyri of the parietal lobes

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sensations of tempature, touch,pain, and pressure

Front 17

posterior parts of the occipital lobe

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vision

Front 18

supierior posterior portion of the temporal lobe

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the centers for hearing

Front 19

deep in temporal lobes

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sense of smell

Front 20

true or false. Does the right central hemisphere interpret impulses from the left side of the body and vice versa?

Back 20

true

Front 21

Wernicke's area

Back 21

The sensory speech area. In temporal lobe. understanding and formulating language.

Front 22

what do association areas do?

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help provide memory, reasoning, emotions, judgements.

Front 23

association areas of frontal lobe

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higher thinking (concentrating, problem solving, planning.)

Front 24

prefrontal areas of frontal lobes

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control emotional behavior and awareness of ones own behavior

Front 25

association areas of temporal lobes

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interpret complex sensory experiences like understanding speech/reading. Also store visual scenes, music, and complex sensory problems.

Front 26

occipital association areas

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combining visual images with other sensory experiences, such as recognizing someone when you see them.

Front 27

primary motor areas

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in cerebral cortex in gyri of frontal lobes. has large pyramid cells, impulses move down spinal cord on descending tracts.

Front 28

broca's area

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motor speech area. left hemisphere. control muscles of mouth,tounge, larnyx that make speech possible.

Front 29

frontal eye field

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controls movement of eyes

Front 30

left hemisphere

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speech,writing,reading. complex analytical functions like planning, analysis.

Front 31

right hemisphere

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nonverbal basic functions. motor tasks. body orientation, musical patterns, visual experiences.

Front 32

primary motor areas of cerebral cortex

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lie in the frontal lobes just in front of the central sulcus. nervous tissue here is called pyramidal cells.

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flacc

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flabby

Front 34

chiasm

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cross

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funi

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small cord or fiber

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plex

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interweaving

Front 37

I cranial nerve (1)

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Olfactory.

Front 38

II Cranial Nerve (2)

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Optic. impulse from brain to retina.

Front 39

III Cranial Nerve (3)

Back 39

Oculomotor. supplies impulses to eyelid muscle, extraculor muscle (moves eye inward.), and pupillary muscle.

Front 40

Cranial Nerve IV

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Trochlear. Controls supieror oblique muscle of the eye. Originates in back of brain stem. Travels the farthest of all the cranial nerves.

Front 41

Cranial nerve V

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Trigeminal. Facial sensation and chewing.

Front 42

Cranial nerve VII

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Facial nerve. Facial movement.

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Cranial nerve VIII

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Auditory. Hearing

Front 44

Cranial nerve IX

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Glossopharyngeal. Taste and swallowing.

Front 45

X Cranial Nerve

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Vagus. Swallowing, voice modulation, parasympathetic tone of the body. For internal organs/digestion. Rests body and aids in digestion.

Front 46

XI cranial nerve.

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Acessory. Neck muscles.

Front 47

XII cranial nerve

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hypoglossal. Swallowing, speech.

Front 48

VI cranial nerve

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Abducens. impulses to lateral rectus muscle in eye which moves eye outward.

Front 49

Falx cerebelli

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the dura matter that seperates the right and left cerebellar hemespheres

Front 50

Falx cerebi

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extends downward into longitudinal fissure, seperates right and left cerebral hemispheres.

Front 51

tentorium cerebelli

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seperates occipital lobes of the cerebrum.

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arachnoid matter

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thin spiderlike substance with no blood vessels located between dura and pia matter.

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sub arachnoid space

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between arachnoid and pia matter. contains CSF.

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pia matter

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thin and contains many nerves and blood vessels. attached to surface of organs and runs along surface/dips into grooves.

Front 55

Meningitis

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inflammation of the meninges from bacteria or viral infection of CSF. Complications are vision loss, hearing loss, paraylysis, and intelecctual disability

Front 56

lateral ventricles

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two largest. 1rst ventricle in left cerbral hemisphere and 2 in right.

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third ventricle

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a narrow space in the midbrain beneath the corpus callosum.

Front 58

fourth ventricle

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in the brainstem just anterior to cerrebelum.

Front 59

cerebral aqueduct or aqueduct of Sylvius

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connects 3rd and 4th ventricles

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choroid plexuses

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secrete CSF tiny reddish masses of speacialized capillares that are from pia matter and covered by a special layer of ependymal cells.

Front 61

What does CSF even do?

Back 61

maintains appropriate ion concentration and provides pathway for the blood for waste.

Front 62

how many ml of CSF does a human secrete daily

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500ml

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how much CSF is in your system at any given time

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140 ml

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arachnoid granulations

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reabsorbs CSF into blood

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infundibulum

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pituitary stalk.

Front 66

pineal gland

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endocrine gland that produces melatonin. In the diencephalon

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thalamus

Back 67

recieves all sensory impulses and channels them to the appropriate part of the cortex for interpretation.

Front 68

hypothalamus

Back 68

maintains homeostasis by maintaining visceral activities.

heart rate/BP, body temp, water/elec balance, control of hunger/BMI, glandular secretions in digestion, sends impulses to pituitary gland to release hormones, influence reproductive physiology, sleep/wakefulness.

Front 69

limbic system

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controls emotion and expression. relates feelings to experiences.

Front 70

midbrain

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contains gray matter that serves as a relfex center.

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superior colliculi

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in midbrain. center for certain visual reflexes.

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inferior colliculi

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in midbrain. auditory reflex centers

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pons

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rounded bulge on side of brainstem. longitudinal nerve fibers which relay info between medulla oblogonta and brainstem.

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medulla oblongata

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extends from pons to foramon magnum and forms floor of 4th ventricle. control system for vital visceral jobs lay here. cardiac center, vasomotor center, respitory center.

Front 75

reticular formation

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tiny islands of gray matter. they control your sleep cycle.