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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Wernicke's Aphasia is caused by damage to which lobe? |
Left Temporal |
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Which of the following is not considered an antipyramidal symptom? A. Parkinsonism B. Tardive Dyskenesia C. Blurred Vision D. Acute Dystonia |
C. Blurred Vision |
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Bupropion (Wellbutrin) is a new form of antidepressant known as a ____.
A. NDRI B. SNRI C. MAOI D. PTSD |
A. NDRI |
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Which of the following is not considered a side effect of propranolol?
A. Bradycardia B. Migraine headache C. Shortness of breath D. Raynaud's phenomenon |
B. Migraine headache |
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The ______ suggests that a behavior that occurs frequently can be used to reinforce and thereby increase the occurrence of a low-frequency behavior. A. Premack principle B. Avoidance chaining principle C. Reinforcement principle D. Contingency contracts principle |
A. Premack principle
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_______ is when an individual changes his behavior because he privately accepts and believes the attitudes or behaviors of the other person to be correct.
A. Internalization B. Compliance C. Identification D. Minority Influence |
A. Internalization |
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Who suggested that people are more prone to aggression and anti-social behaviour when they believe they can act anonymously? |
Zimbardo |
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_____ proposed a social learning theory of career development in which career path is influence by four major factors: genetic endowment; environmental conditions and events; learning experiences; and task approach skills (which include performance expectations, work habits, and emotional responses). |
Krumboltz |
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_____ created a theory of cognitive development based on the idea that people increase their cognitive skill based on information taken from both the environment and biological maturation. |
Piaget |
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The _______ will have predominant symptoms including at least two of the following: motoric immobility; excessive motor activity; extreme negativism or mutism; peculiarities in voluntary movement; and echolalia or echopraxia. A. Catatonic Type schizophrenic B. Paranoid Type schizophrenic C. Disorganized Type schizophrenic D. Undifferentiated Type schizophrenic |
A. Catatonic Type schizophrenic
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Women are at higher risk for divorce if they bear a child within ___ of marriage a. 5 years b. 1 month c. 1 year d. seven months |
d. seven months
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A girl asks her mother for help reading piano music. The mother replies "Sure, I'd be happy to help you." According to the theory of transactional analysis, what type of communication exchange is this? A. Ulterior B. Scripted C. Complementary D. Crossed |
C. Complementary
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Which system would include a child's family in Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory?
A. Mesosystem B. Microsystem C. Exosystem D. Chronosystem |
B. Microsystem
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Who was the founder of behaviourism? A. John Watson B. Carl Rogers C. B.F. Skinner D. Sigmund Freud |
A. John Watson
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A 29-year old client of yours is currently the defendant in a court case. The client's attorney contacts you, requesting that you provide her with some information about the client from your files and states that the information will be helpful in preparing the client's defense. What should you do? A. You should discuss a release of information with your client before taking any additional action. B. You should refuse to send the information from your client's file to her attorney. C. You should help your client by sending the client's file to her attorney. D. You should provide the information to the attorney verbally "off the record." |
A. You should discuss a release of information with your client before taking any additional action.
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Which neurotransmitter is implicated in both Tourette's Syndrome and Parkinson's Disease?
A. Dopamine B. Norepinephrine C. Serotonin D. GABA |
A. Dopamine
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There are three ways to measure Central Tendency: the Mean, the Median and the Mode. The median is ...
A. less sensitive to extreme scores than the mean. B. the most frequently occurring number. C. the middle number when scores are ordered. D. sensitive to extreme values and highly skewed distributions. |
C. the middle number when scores are ordered.
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An advantage of using MANOVA over multiple one-way ANOVA is that it reduces the ___ .
A. mean B. level of significance C. dependent variable D. experiment-wise error rate |
D. experiment-wise error rate
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Wernicke's aphasia is due to damage in which lobe?
A. Right Temporal B. Left Temporal C. Left Parietal D. Right Parietal |
B. Left Temporal
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A psychologist living in a rural area is approached by his child's dentist who states she is interested in beginning therapy to deal with the death of her husband. How should the psychologist proceed, while ensuring that he is acting in accordance with the APA ethics code? A. The psychologist may choose to provide psychotherapy to the dentist as long as the multiple relationship that is created is not "reasonably expected to impair the psychologist's objectivity, competence, or effectiveness." B. The psychologist should not provide psychotherapy services to the dentist because they have a prior business relationship. C. The psychologist has always liked the dentist, so he should provide psychotherapy services to her. D. The psychologist may provide psychotherapy for the dentist, and also may suggest that they barter dental services for his child for psychotherapy services. |
A. The psychologist may choose to provide psychotherapy to the dentist as long as the multiple relationship that is created is not "reasonably expected to impair the psychologist's objectivity, competence, or effectiveness."
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Which drug can be used to treat bipolar disorder? A. Seroquel B. Xanax C. Lithium D. Risperdal |
C. Lithium
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Which of the following is not true about schizophrenia?
A. Females are slightly more likely to develop the disorder. B. The onset is from 18 to 25 years of age for males. C. The onset is from 25 to 35 years of age for females. D. An afflicted individual is unlikely to have insight into his or her own condition. |
A. Females are slightly more likely to develop the disorder.
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Vision is processed in the _____ lobe, while problem solving is regulated by the _____ lobe. A. occipital, frontal B. frontal, occipital C. parietal, temporal D. temporal, parietal |
A. occipital, frontal
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The statement, "If you clean your room, you will be able to go outside and play" is an example of which psychological principle?
A. Zeigarnik Effect B. Premack Principle C. Pleasure Principle D. Reality Principle |
B. Premack Principle
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An individual you come across says the following to you: “You know that smoodle pinkered and that I want to get him round and take care of him like you want before.” What disorder does he/she most likely have?
A. global aphasia B. expressive aphasia C. Broca's aphasia D. Wernicke's aphasia |
D. Wernicke's aphasia
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What is the key difference between factitious disorder and malingering?
A. Factitious disorder involves secondary gain. B. Malingering is a subconscious process. C. In malingering the person has something to gain. D. Factitious disorder involves deception. |
C. In malingering the person has something to gain.
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As opposed to industrial psychology, the approach of engineering psychology is to fit the _____ to the _____ .
A. worker, job B. job, worker C. job, organization D. worker, organization |
B. job, worker
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Manifest coding is ...
A. a logic error based on circular reasoning, i.e., something is true by definition, or true because the dependent variable is merely a restatement of the independent variable. B. when trying to prove causation, levels of data are mismatched and statistics are applied at one level to infer data of another level. C. when a researcher reads into the meaning of the content he is analyzing to get data. D. when coding content is based on face-value rather the meaning. |
D. when coding content is based on face-value rather the meaning.
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B F Skinner is associated with _____ therapy.
A. psychoanalysis B. client centered C. behavioral activation D. behavior |
D. behavior
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Carl Rogers is associated with _____ therapy.
A. behavior B. psychoanalysis C. behavioral activation D. client centered |
D. client centered
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_____ developed the theory of id, ego, and superego.
A. William James B. B F Skinner C. Sigmund Freud D. Carl Rogers |
C. Sigmund Freud
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According to Piaget, Magical Thinking, which is the belief that thinking about something will actually cause it to occur, is characteristic of the ____ Stage of development? |
preoperational |
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Which of the following statements regarding Signal Detection Theory (SDT)is true? A. SDT deals with the fact that when confronted with the same stimulus twopeople usually see the same thing. B. Discriminability (d′) is a mathematical function of signal strength andbackground noise. C. Response bias is a function of the diurnal variation phase of the respondent. D. Acuity is to response bias as willingness to report is to discriminability. |
B. Discriminability (d′) is a mathematical function of signal strength andbackground noise SDT deals with the observation that two individuals confronted with the samestimulus presentation may come to different conclusions. Disagreement mayoccur due to differences in discriminability or response bias. Discriminability(d′) of the stimulus is described by the mathematical function of signalstrength to background noise. |
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Which of the following statements regarding perceptual processes is false? A. Elaboration occurs in short-term sensory stores. B. Perceptual processing is conducted in hierarchical, functionally segregated,and parallel units. C. Feature binding occurs at later stages of perceptual processing. D. A functionally segregated unit has access to the contents of another unit. |
A. Elaboration occurs in short-term sensory stores. Short-term sensory stores are a concept associated with sensation, and notperception. Information is first represented there very briefly, and its capacitycan exceed that of short-term memory. |
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All of the following terms are related to selective attention with the exceptionof: A. The cocktail party phenomenon B. Attentional blindness C. Wakefulness D. Reduction of distractor interference |
C. Wakefulness Attention can refer to global states or selective processes. Sleep and wakefulnessare global states. |
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Which of the following statements regarding executive functions (EFs) is false? A. EFs are measured in some intelligence tests B. The constructs of working memory and EF are closely related C. Hot and cold EFs have been described D. EF is not related to emotional distress |
D. EF is not related to emotional distress. EFs are increasingly important because they are the cognitive domain moststrongly associated with emotional distress, and may reflect differing facets ofunderlying frontal lobe dysfunction. |
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Which of the following is not part of David Wechsler’s definition ofintelligence?
A. Capacity to act purposefully B. Capacity to think rationally C. Capacity to acquire information through acculturation D. Capacity to deal effectively with the environment |
C. Capacity to acquire information through acculturation Given the absence of an agreed on definition, it is reasonable to note one of thebetter definitions as provided by the late David Wechsler (1939), developer ofthe most widely used intelligence test of the twentieth century—“intelligence isthe aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to thinkrationally and to deal effectively with his environment.” |
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Which of the following is the only true statement applying to the field ofintelligence? A. A.R. Luria’s three-level theory of neuropsychological function is unrelatedto intelligence test development. B. Spearman was a primary mental ability theorist. C. Cattell made a major contribution by identifying fluid and crystallizedforms of intelligence. D. Structural research is to longitudinal studies as developmental research isto factor analysis. |
C. Cattell made a major contribution by identifying fluid and crystallizedforms of intelligence. Cattell proposed that Spearman’s g was actually composed of general fluid (Gf)and general crystallized (Gc) ability. |
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Identify the one statement regarding intelligence tests that is not true: A. Composite intelligence scores correlate around 0.70 to 0.80 with academicachievement. B. Abbreviated tests of intelligence have not been developed due to validityconcerns. C. Cattell–Horn–Carroll (CHC) theory is the theoretical basis for manyintelligencetests. D. Split-half reliability for composite intelligence test scores tends to be above0.90. |
B. Abbreviated tests of intelligence have not been developed due to validityconcerns. As intelligence test administration takes between 1 to 2 hours before scoring andinterpretation, depending on the test taker, abbreviated versions of tests havebeen developed to provide reliable, valid estimates of intellectual ability. |
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Which of the following statements regarding bias in intelligence testing is false? A. Cross-cultural psychologists discourage use of ethnic group measurementnorms. B. Socioeconomic status accounts for some of the ethnic influences found onintelligence testing. C. Stereotype threat can influence test performance. D. Increasingly, cross-cultural psychologists view ethnic differences onintelligence tests as a proxy for the effects of quality of education andacculturation. |
A. Cross-cultural psychologists discourage use of ethnic group measurementnorms. Many cross-cultural clinical researchers recommend using the appropriateethnic group measurement norm to improve diagnostic accuracy. |
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Of these the only one not identified as a protective factor against the deleteriouseffects of aging on cognition is: A. Physical exercise B. Control beliefs C. Social support D. Agreeableness |
D. Agreeableness Protective factors against age-related decline in cognitive function includefrequency of cognitive activity, control beliefs, social support, and physicalexercise |
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A negative reinforcer is found in ___________ and causes response rates to___________. A. Operant conditioning; increase B. Classical conditioning; increase C. Operant conditioning; decrease D. Classical conditioning; decrease |
B. Classical conditioning; increase In classical conditioning, negative reinforcement increases the CR. |
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To produce the fastest rates of response one would employ a/an ___________schedule of reinforcement. A. CRF B. VI C. Ratio D. Interval |
C. Ratio Ratio schedules produce high rates of output. That is, they follow the rule thatthe more the work, the more the reward, or to maximize rewards, one maximizesoutput. |
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For the fastest learning rates one would employ a/an ___________ schedule ofreinforcement. A. FR B. VI C. DRH D. CRF |
D. CRF If the reinforcer follows every instance of the CS, it is called continuous reinforcementor CRF, and it is the fastest way to learn. |
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The procedure using the anticipation method of Ebbinghaus showed that___________ trials were more efficient than ___________ trials. A. Spaced; massed B. Recency; primacy C. Massed; spaced D. Operant; classical |
A. Spaced; massed Another Ebbinghaus method involved the presentation of pairs of syllables,with subjects attempting to report the second syllable of a pair when the firstsyllable was given. The order of the pairs was then shuffled among trials, butwith the word pairing remaining constant. He called it the paired associatemethod, and it is still used today. He found fewest errors when he formed somesort of mental association between the syllables. Ebbinghaus also found thatspaced trials were more efficient than massed. |
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Tolman had rats live in a maze where no food was ever introduced in orderto demonstrate ___________. A. The primacy effect B. Learning in spaced trials C. Latent motivation D. Learning without reward |
D. Learning without reward In the simplest example, Tolman (1932) allowed animals to live in a maze inwhich no food was ever presented. When these animals were later rewardedfor finding their way through the maze, they learned it in far fewer trials thannaïve rats, and it was clear that they had already learned much of it, althoughthey had not been rewarded for doing so. |
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B.F. Skinner argued that ___________ free will. A. Contrary to belief, no one has B. Everyone starts out life with C. We will never know who has D. One has to attain a state of |
A. Contrary to belief, no one has B.F. Skinner (1971) maintained that none of us has free will. |
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Working memory” is a newer term for ___________. A. Sensory memory B. Short-term memory C. Long-term memory D. None of these |
B. Short-term memory Short-term memory represents the material we are thinking about at a givenmoment, and has come be called “working memory” (WM) today. |
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Which level of processing takes the longest to work? A. Comprehension B. Focal Attention C. Elaboration D. Presensory |
C. Elaboration Perception goes through four stages, which were labeled as follows: Presensory(the catching-attention phase), Focal Attention (the paying-attention phase),Comprehension (the understanding phase), and Elaboration (making-connectionsand storing phase). Each successive level requires a bit more timethan the previous. |
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Nondeclarative memory is characterized by being ___________. A. Explicit in nature B. Memories we don’t want to talk about C. Memories we don’t know we have D. Memories too painful to recall |
C. Memories we don’t know we have Nondeclarative memory consists of items the knower is unaware of knowing(implicit), yet can still demonstrate knowledge of them. |
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HM was a man who had lost his ability to form new memories. Damage towhich structure in his brain was mainly responsible for this condition?A. Hippocampus B. Frontal cortex C. Hypothalamus D. Thalamus |
A. Hippocampus A man identified only as HM lost the use of his hippocampus and amygdala onboth sides of his brain. The hippocampus is the main structure for consolidatinglong-term memories. |
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This theory of emotion postulates that physiological sensations are the primaryelement of emotional experience: A. Circumplex model B. Cannon–Bard theory C. James–Lange theory D. Two-factor model |
C. James–Lange theory The theory that postulated that changes in physiological sensation are theprimaryelement of emotional experience is generally referred to as theJames–Lange theory of emotion, as the theory was independently proposed byWilliam James and Carl Lange, a Danish physician. |
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The interpretation of emotional experience through cognitive processes isknown as: A. Cognitive appraisal B. Cognitive dissonance C. Cognitive assessment D. Emotional decision making |
A. Cognitive appraisal Schacter and Singer concluded that an individual must cognitively appraise asituation in order to determine his or her emotional state. This model of emotionhas been known by the term cognitive appraisal. |
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According to LeDoux, this brain region is the primary center of fear-relatedprocessing: A. Hippocampus B. VMPFC C. Cingulate gyrus D. Amygdala |
D. Amygdala LeDoux established through his research that the amygdala is the primarycenter of fear-related processing. The amygdala is reliably observed to activatein response to threatening or fearful stimuli but not for stimuli related topositive emotions. |
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Which of the following is NOT considered to be a component of motivation? A. Arousal B. Valence C. Direction D. Intensity |
B. Valence Motivation is the internal force that pushes the individual toward action andis generally considered to be composed of three components—arousal, direction,and intensity. |
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Clark Hull considered drive reduction to be ___________. A. Excitatory B. Punishing C. Reinforcing D. Unnecessary |
C. Reinforcing Hull stated that drive reduction through behavior is, in and of itself, reinforcingand successful reduction of a drive is sufficient to increase the probabilityof the behavior occurring in the future. |
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Which of the following is NOT part of cognitive therapy as described byAaron Beck? A. Cognitive distortion B. Cognitive bias C. Automatic thoughts D. Self-defeating thoughts |
D. Self-defeating thoughts Self-defeating thoughts are part of rational emotive behavior therapy by AlbertEllis, not cognitive therapy. |
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Which theory has been postulated to explain depression as a function ofinescapablepain? A. Somatic marker hypothesis B. Learned helplessness C. Cognitive dissonance D. Expectancy theory |
B. Learned helplessness The theory of learned helplessness was developed to explain research that foundthat animals exposed to inescapable pain will eventually stop trying to avoidthe pain, even when opportunities to escape were presented. This theory hasbeen considered a possible explanation for depression, as individuals developa sense that they are unable to escape pain and feel helpless, which eventuallyleads to depression. |
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Which of the following is NOT a component of Weiner’s attributional styletheory? A. Globality/specificity B. Internality/externality C. Equity/inequity D. Stability/instability |
C. Equity/inequity Weiner developed the concept of attributional style with the following components:globality/specificity, stability/instability, and internality/externality. |
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Somatic marker hypothesis postulates that this brain region is important toefficient emotional decision making: A. Hippocampus B. VMPFC C. Orbitofrontal cortex D. Amygdala |
B. VMPFC Damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) often results in significantchanges in the ability to make opportune decisions in personal, social,and financial spheres. |
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Paul Ekman is best known for the ___________. A. Circumplex model of emotion B. Dimensional emotion model C. Basic emotion model D. Cognitive appraisal model |
C. Basic emotion model The main figure associated with the basic emotion model is Paul Ekman. |
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Achievement, affiliation, and authority are components of which theory ofmotivation? A. Self-determination theory B. Need for Achievement theory C. Expectancy theory D. Attributional theory |
B. Need for Achievement theory Atkinson and McClelland developed Need for Achievement theory, which postulatesthat motivation is governed by three considerations—achievement,authority, and affiliation. |
