Eppp Exam Study Questions

Front 1

1. Individuals with Moderate Mental Retardation:

1. constitute 2%-3% of the mentally retarded population.
2. can be training to perform unskilled work under close supervision.
3. usually acquire academic skills up to approximately eight-grade level.
4. display minimal or no impairment in sensorimotor functioning.

Back 1

2 can be training to perform unskilled work under close supervision

Front 2

2. Persons who have work-related accidents tend to:

1. feel more dissatisfied with their work than accident-free workers.
2. be less likely to have had job promotions than accident-free workers.
3. have had more recent life stress than accident-free workers
4. be, on the average, less intelligent than accident-free workers.

Back 2

3 have had more recent life stress than accident-free workers

Front 3

3. Experimental studies of the relation between level of motivation and level of performance have shown that:

1. the higher the intensity or degree of motivation, the better the level of performance.
2. for a given task, there is an optimal level of motivation.
3. motivation is important to learning but not to performance.
4. optimal performance is obtained relatively more often by internalizers than by externalizers.

Back 3

2 for a given task, there is an optimal level of motivation.

Front 4

4. The items for machinist’s proficiencies test have been based on a job analysis of machinists in 50 plants, each employing five or more machinists doing comparable work. Such a procedure would contribute directly to the test’s:

1. concurrent validity.
2. predictive validity.
3. empirical validity
4. content validity.

Back 4

4 content validity.

Front 5

5. A mother complains that her 15-year old daughter “lives like a pig, she is so sloppy and dirty.” She adds, “The more I yell at her, the worse she gets.” In operant conditioning terms, the yelling can best be explained as:

1. positive reinforcement.
2. punishment.
3. negative reinforcement.
4. a discriminating stimulus for the sloppy behavior.

Back 5

1 positive reinforcement

Front 6

While the nature and extent of measured intellectual decline during aging is not well established, a consistent finding is a/an:

1. increase in problem-solving ability.
2. increase in word fluency.
3. decrease in vocabulary.
4. increase in response time.

Back 6

4 increase in response time.

Front 7

7. Which of the following is the strongest evidence of a patient’s addiction to a substance?

1. Physiological tolerance and withdrawal.
2. A positive urine test for the substance.
3. Serious occupational impairment.
4. Denial of any involvement with the substance.

Back 7

1 Physiological tolerance and withdrawal.

Front 8

8. A psychologist is appointed by the Court to examine a defendant. The psychologist should:

1. begin the evaluation by informing the defendant that anything that is discussed may be talked about in open court.
2. begin the evaluation by asking the defendant to indicate information that should be kept confidential.
3. refuse to do the evaluation unless the Court agrees that it will be dept confidential.
4. discuss confidentiality only if the defendant asks about it.

Back 8

1 begin the evaluation by informing the defendant that anything that is discussed may be talked about in open court.

Front 9

9. If the objectives of psychological research conducted in a laboratory dictate that certain information be withheld from the participant, consent by the participant:

1. may be waived provided written consent is obtained from a member of the participant’s immediate family.
2. is not necessary, but some explanation of the research situation to the participants is essential.
3. is necessary and an explanation of significant aspects that might affect willingness to participate must be provided.
4. is considered essential only if there is possible risk of physical or psychological harm.

Back 9

3 is necessary, and an explanation of significant aspects that might affect willingness to participate must be provided.

Front 10

10. Which of the following is the most common neuropsychological complication of AIDS?

1. Impaired attention and speed of information processing.
2. Impaired cognitive flexibility
3. Dementia
4. Impaired visuospatial constructions.

Back 10

3 Dementia

Front 11

11. From a Jungian standpoint, which of the following phenomena is taking place when contents of either the personal or collective unconscious are projected onto the analyst?

1. Transference
2. Anima-animus conflict
3. Fantasy
4. Exchange of symbols.

Back 11

1 Transference

Front 12

12. The function of the correction for attenuation is to:

1. provide an estimate of the predictive validity of a test that is independent of chance factors in any specific validation sample.
2. show how adding or subtracting items affects the reliability of a test.
3. estimate the correlation between two variables if one or both could be measured without error.
4. correct an obtained correlation coefficient for restriction of range in either variable.

Back 12

3 estimate the correlation between two variables if one or both could be measured without error

Front 13

13. A research study is carried out to investigate the effects of four different psychological treatments designed to reduce test anxiety in college students. A significant treatment effect is noted, along with one significant second-order interaction effect. A member of the research team suggests that the interactive effect not be reported since it is tangential to the main purpose of the study. This suggestion is:

1. representative of a methodological issue and needs to be evaluated from a scientific perspective.
2. clearly unethical, since it conflicts with the psychologist’s responsibility to report completely the results of research projects.
3. possibly unethical, but difficult to define because the specific situation is not noted in the ethics codes published by the American and Canadian Psychological Associations.
4. an example of poor professional judgment but essentially unrelated to professional ethics.

Back 13

2 clearly unethical, since it conflicts with the psychologist’s responsibility to report completely the results of research projects.

Front 14

14. Which of the following statements best paraphrases Thorndike’s Law of Effect?

1. All behavior is caused; everything that is done has an effect on behavior.
2. Elimination of the unconditioned stimulus or reward results in a decreased frequency of behavior.
3. A positive correlation exists between responding and aversive stimulation.
4. A reward tends to increase the probability of recurrence of the response that it follows.

Back 14

4 A reward tends to increase the probability of recurrence of the response that it follows

Front 15

15. In taking a personality inventory, some examinees can fake “good”. What testing technique is probably the best correction for this response bias?

1. Increasing the length of the test
2. Increasing the homogeneity of the test
3. Employing a right-minus-wrong correction formula
4. Using an empirically derived correction

Back 15

4 Using an empirically derived correction

Front 16

16. Children typically take their first steps around the age of:

1. 6 months.
2. 9 months.
3. 12 months.
4. 18 months.

Back 16

3 12 months.

Front 17

17. Exposing individuals to arguments against their views, arguments that are then strongly refuted, may serve to:

1. increase their attitudinal ambivalence.
2. weaken their resistance to later persuasive appeals.
3. render them indifferent to the attitude object.
4. inoculate them against later persuasive appeals.

Back 17

4 inoculate them against later persuasive appeals.

Front 18

18. Tonic-clonic seizures most frequently occur in which type of epilepsy?

1. Simple partial
2. Complex partial
3. Grad mal
4. Petit mal

Back 18

3 Grad mal

Front 19

19. Research on women who have had abortions indicates that:

1. subsequent problems in sexual adjustment and in relationships with men are common.
2. most women who have abortions think no more about the event that they would about having a wisdom tooth removed.
3. the psychological consequences are no worse than they are for women who have chosen to continue their pregnancies and give birth.
4. the experience frequently has serious psychological consequences., usually in the form of guild and depression.

Back 19

3 the psychological consequences are no worse than they are for women who have chosen to continue their pregnancies and give birth.

Front 20

20. Studies on persuasion have shown that when a communicator is credible, the degree to which the receiver’s initial position will change is:

1. unrelated to the sex of the communicator.
2. unrelated to the amount of discrepancy between the communicator’s position and the receiver’s initial position.
3. greater when there is a smaller discrepancy between the communicator’s position and the receiver’s initial position.
4. greater when there is a larger discrepancy between he communicator’s position and the receiver’s initial position.

Back 20

4 greater when there is a larger discrepancy between he communicator’s position and the receiver’s initial position.

Front 21

21. A ten-year old boy, tested with a paper-and pencil intelligence test, obtained an IQ score of 130. Two years later, he was tested with an alternate form of the same test. Most likely, the obtained score on the second testing would be:

1. more than 130.
2. less than 130.
3. 130.
4. 130, but with a different pattern of subtest scores.

Back 21

2. less than 130.

Front 22

22. In a large factory, one group of workers is exposed throughout teh day to loud and unpredictable periods of noise, whereas another group of workers is not exposed to such noise. The specific deleterious effects of unpredictable noise could be emeliorated by:

1. giving the workers additional days off to comprensate for having to work under adverse condistions.
2. allowing the workers to terminate the noise if it becomes intolerable.
3. informing the workers about the deleterious effects of the noise and helping them adapt to the situation.
allowing the workers to file grievances about the noise.

Back 22

2. allowing the workers to terminate the noise if it becomes intolerable.

Front 23

23. With respect to the relationship between achievement and anxiety in school children, it appears that:

1. midly anxious children are better achievers than more anxious ones.
2. non-anxious children are better achievers than mildly anxious ones.
3. some anxiety normally facilitates learning, and only for a few learners is there a point beyond which anxiety impedes learning.

4. there is no systematic relatinoship; anxiety measrues are of no help in predicting achievement.

Back 23

1. mildly anxious children are better achievers than more anxious ones.

Front 24

24. Although conccurrent indivudual and group therapy may be necessary for some patients, many therapists do no support it. One of the major concern is that:

1. patients beginning with a group, finding additional sources of support, tend to terminate the individual theapy prematurely.
2. patients wait until they are in their individual sessions before reacting to what occurred in the group.
3. screening procedures for patients may be ignored because a therapist is recommending the group experience.
4. patients use their two therapists' words to refute group members' suggestions for behavior change.

Back 24

2. patients wait until they are in their individual sessions before reacting to what occurred in the group.

Front 25

25. When subjected to moderate punishment, an instrumental response of moderate strength will:

1. be eliminated.
2. be strengthened.
3. be suppressed.
4. remain unchanged.

Back 25

3. be suppressed.

Front 26

26. All of the following are uses of job analysis except:

1. matching the ribght person with the right job.
2. settin wages and salaries.
3. establishing safety standards.
4. determinnig underutilization in workforce labor market comparisons.

Back 26

4. determining underutilization in workforce labor market comparisons.

Front 27

27. For all sensory systems except olfaction, the afferent sensory pathways include the:

1. cerebellum
2. thalamus.
3. caudate nucleus.
4. inferior colliculus.

Back 27

2. thalamus.

Front 28

28. Carol and Jim are experiencing marital difficulties. They have two school-aged children, a boy and a girl. According to meta-analysis of research on the relationship between marital discord and child behavior problesm, it would be expected that:

1. neither child is more likely to manifest an immediate behavior problem than are children of stable marriages.
2. the girl is more lidely than the boy to manifest an immediate behavior problem.
3. the boy is more likely than the girl to manifest an immediate behavior problem.
4. both children are equally likely to manifest an immediate behavior problem.

Back 28

3. the boy is more likely than the girl to manifest an immediate behavior problem.

Front 29

29. Group A consists of people whose measured interests are highly similar to the interests of engineers. Group B consists of people whose measured interests are highly dissimilar to those of engineers. Which of the following statements would be justified, given that both Group A and Group B entered engineering?

1. Group A members would be more likely to persist in the occupation.
2. Group A and Group B would not differ in success at or satifaction with the occupation.
3. Group A members would be more likely to succeed in the occupation.
Group B members would achieve levels of success equil to those of Group A, but would do so more slowly.

Back 29

1. Group A members would be more likely to persist in the occupation.

Front 30

30. When using factor analysis, a major concern of personality theorists have been specifying the:

1. number of dimensions necessary to describe personality.
2. developmental sequence of personality dimensions.
3. differential accurance between dimensions.
4. connections between personality dimensions and actual behavior.

Back 30

1. number of dimensions necessary to describe personality.

Front 31

31. During the latter part of their first year, children's language-learning ability changes in that they:

1. become less able to perceive sound distinctions not made in their own language.
2. begin to be sensitive to rhythms in speech patterns.
3. begin to utter their first words in a systematic progression determined by selective reinforcement of babbling.
4. begin producing more language than they can comprehend.

Back 31

1. become less able to perceive sound distrinctions not made in their own language.

Front 32

32. A psychologist who shares an office with another psychologist returns around midnight to retrieve some papers and uncexpectedly comes upon the colleague engaging in sexual relations with one of that colleague's clients. According to ethics codes published by the American and Canadian Psychological Association, the first psychologist should:

1. speak with the colleague privately to resolve this incident informally.
2. report the colleague to the approprate local, state/provincial, or national ethics committee.
3. say nother further regarding this incident unless there is a complaint from the client.
4. contact the colleague's client to offer assistance and/or profesional advice.

Back 32

2. report the colleague to the approprate local, state/provincial, or national ethics committee.

Front 33

33. Extensive neurological damage to the frontal cortex of the left hemisphere usually produces deficits in:

1. speech production.
2. speech comprehension.
3. discriminating between melodies.
4. auditory discriminatinon.

Back 33

1. speech production.

Front 34

34. According to the standards for Educatinal and Psychologial Testing, when interpreting and reporting test results, one should:

1. focus attention on the confidence interval of a score trather than on the obtained score itself.
2. use desriptive labels, because such labels readily communicate specific meaning to most people.
3. stress the obtained score, since it is the best estimate of the true score.
4. exclude potential effects of situatinoal and demographic variables from consideration.

Back 34

1. focus attention on the confidence interval of a score rather than on the obtained score itself.

Front 35

35. Focul damage to the portion of the left frontal lobe known as Broca's area is likely to impair:

1. recall of words.
2. verbal comprehnsion.
3. verbal learning.
4. production of speech.

Back 35

4. production of speech.

Front 36

36. Anxiety and rapid heart rate related to stress are physiological manifestations of increased activity of which nervous system?

1. Parasympathetic
2. Central
3. Sympathetic
4. Peripheral

Back 36

3. Sympathetic

Front 37

37. Of the following, the best way to increase the amount of helping behavior within a community is to:

1. decrease the anonymity of indivuduals in the community.
2. initiate programs to raise the self-esteem of community members.
3. diffuse the responsibility among all members of the community.
4. increase the number of individuals in the community.

Back 37

1. decrease the anonymity of individuals in the community.

Front 38

38. Form A of a standardized personality test was given in the fall and again in the spring to the same group of people. The reliability estimate that resulted from this research is referred to as:

1. external consistency.
2. equivalence.
3. stability.
4. internal consistency.

Back 38

3. stability

Front 39

39. The research on leadership indicates that:

1. there are no consistent findings except under extreme conditions.
2. effective leaders need to integrate themselves fully into the group.
3. a large number of situational factors are important in determining effective leasdership.
4. democratic leadership is the most effective, in agreement with lewin's early findings.

Back 39

3. a large number of situational factors are important in determining effective leadership.

Front 40

40. In which of the following psychotherapies is self-disclosure by the psychologist a specifically recommended and freqquently applied technique?

1. Object relations therapy
2. Transactional analysis
3. Femenist psychotherapy
4. Interpersonal therapy.

Back 40

3. Feminist psychotherapy.

Front 41

41. Anxiety induced by reading about an automobile accident some months after having had such as accident is best described as an instance of:

1. mediated generalization.
2. higher-order conditioning.
3. latent learning.
4. response shaping

Back 41

1. mediated generalization

Front 42

42. You are a consultant asked to design an intervention program in a recently integrated housing project where anagonism and hostility between old and new residents are extremely high. the goal is to improve relations through contact. you would be more likely to facilitate that goal if you could arrange interactions that provide opportunities:

1. at the outset for contact that is rather causual and superficial, thus providing a "warm-up" phase.
2. which make explicit the status hierarchy that is implicit in the interactions between the two groups.
3. which provide an open airing and all-out discussion about what each group believes to be the negative traits of the other.
4. for each group of residents to disconfirm negative traits of the other group.

Back 42

4. for each group of residents to disconfirm negative traits of the other group.

Front 43

43. A motivational theory predicting that an increase of incentives may serve to reduce work output is:

1. goal-setting theory.
2. need-achievement theory
3. intrinsic-motivation theory.
4. equity theory.

Back 43

3. instrisic-motivation theory

Front 44

44. If, during a postexamination discussion with parents, a psychologist establishes that a child's new pediatrician is apparently unaware of the child's history of brain damage, which is very important in understanding the problem situation, the psychologist should:

1. tell the parents that he/she will inform the pediatrician.
2. urge the parents to grant him/her permission to inform the pediatrician.
3. tell the parents that he/she is legally obligated to inform the pediatrician.
4. tell the parents that it is their responsibility to inform the pediatrician.

Back 44

2. urge the parents to grant him/her permission to inform the pediatrician.

Front 45

45. The primary focus of the "systems approach" to the problems of business and industry is to improve:

1. organizational performance
2. work habits.
3. organizational morale.
4. individual morale.

Back 45

1. organizational performance.

Front 46

46. Which of the following correctly completes the analogy: "Vision is to hearning as..."

1. parietal lobe is to temporal lobe."
2. occipital lobe is to parietal lobe."
3. frontal lobe is to occipital lobe."
4. occipital lobe is to temporal lobe. "

Back 46

4. occipital lobe is to temporal lobe."

Front 47

47. Research on the effect of maternal employment on children's development indicates that:

1. in families of lower socioeconomic level, both sons and daughters of working mothers perform better on measures of cognitive development than do those of nonworking mothers.
2. regardless of socioeconomic class, children of working mothers are less successful in school than other children.
3. young children whose mothers are employed are more compliant than those in families with nonworking mothers.
4. with older children, maternal employment is particularly beneficial for boys.

Back 47

1. in families of lower socioeconomic level, both sons and daughters of working mothers perform better on measures of cognitive development than do those of nonworking mothers.

Front 48

48. Assessment Centers differ most sharply from other methods of personnel selection in their use of:

1. longitudinal appraisal.
2. multiaptitude test batteries.
3. projective techniques.
4. performance-based assessment.

Back 48

4. performance-based assessment.

Front 49

49. Psychoanalytic theory states that anxiety arises from:

1. incongruence between the stranger and the memory of the mother to whom the stranger is compared.
2. a failure to dissolve a symbiotic attachment.
3. an inability to cope with new situations.
4. a failure of defenses to modulate excitation adequately.

Back 49

4. a failure of defenses to modulate excitation adequately.

Front 50

50. Information disclosed by a child client to a psychologist may be kept confidential except when the client reports:

1. sexual abuse.
2. frequent homosexual activities.
3. strong feelings of attractino to the therapist.
extreme.
4. extreme feelings of depression.

Back 50

1. sexaul abuse.

Front 51

51. Of the following, the best predictor of a child's post-divorce adjustment during the 2 years following divorce is the:

1. withdrawal of the more disturbed parent.
2. degree of continued conflict between the parents after divorce.
3. residence of the child with the preferred parent.
4. degree of hostility during the divorce process.

Back 51

2. degree of continued conflict between the parents after the divorce.

Front 52

52. A research project compared the performance of learning disabled and normal students on ten scales of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Revised (WISC-R). Ten univariate analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were run to test for differences between the two groups, but use of a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) would have been more desirable because MANOVA:

1. usually offers greater protection against a Type II error.
2. does not require mulitiple-comparison follow-up tests in order to interpret significant effects.
3. usually offers greater protection against a Type I error.
4. is conceptually and computationally a simpler and more efficent approach.

Back 52

3. usually offers greater protection against a Type I error.

Front 53

53. In learned helplessness research, it was found that giving solvable problems eliminated the helplessness caused by unsolvable problems. It is argued that this is due to:

1. a change in attribution with the realization that one can sometimes succeed.
2. a shift in locus of control from internal to external.
3. a practice effect.
4. the application of a partial reinforcement schedule.

Back 53

1. a change in attribution with the realization that once can sometimes succeed.

Front 54

54. According to one criterion of discrimination, under which of the following conditions would it be safe to assume that a selection test does not discriminate against a particular racial group?

1. No one from that group has applied for a position with the organization using the test.
2. The test manual demonstrates that thte test is valid for a wide variety of jobs.
3. The test rejects applicants from different racial groups in the same proportion.
4. It is not feasible to conduct seperate validity studies on male and female employees.

Back 54

3. The test rejects applicants from different racial groups in the same proportion.

Front 55

55. In classical psychoanalytic theory, a maladaptive behavior that emerges as compromise between an unconscious impulse and the resulting defense process is called:

1. fixation
2. regression.
3. repression.
4. a symptom.

Back 55

4. a symptom

Front 56

56. the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease can be most accurately verified by:

1. ruling out other etiologies through a comoprehensive psychodiagnostic workup.
2. computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging scan showing cerebral atrophy.
3. brain biopsy.
4. neuropsychological testing showing the expected profile of deficits and spared functions.

Back 56

3. brain biopsy

Front 57

57. Feminists therapy is characterized by all of the following except:

1. creating an egalitarian relatinoshkp0 between the therapist and the client.
2. establishing a special bond between a female therapist and a female client.
3. seeing the client's problems in their sociopolitical context.
4. encouraging trust and respect for other women.

Back 57

2. extablishing a special bond between a female therapist and a female client.

Front 58

58. A psychologist emphasized that parents should use appropriate consequences when dealing with their children's misbehavior. In addition, the psychologist explains that the goal of misbehavior can be to confirm an assumed disability, or to get attention, power, or revenge. Which of the following theoretical orientations is being used?

1. Rogerian
2. Transactional analysis
3. Adlerian.
4. Psychodynamic

Back 58

3. Adlerian

Front 59

59. In personnel selection, the selection ratio is defined as the:

1. ratio of successful to unsuccessful wokers.
2. ratio of the number of successful selected workers to the difficulty level of the job.
3. percent of workers correctly placed in the group hired to do the job.
4. ratio of the number of workers needed to the number of applicants available.

Back 59

4. ratio of the number of workers needed to the number of applicants available.

Front 60

60. A psychologist working in an elementary school setting is asked to evaluate the effectiveness of a new school program that has served 200 to 300 children per year for the past 5 years. Appropriate pre- and post-intervention measures are available for each child. The psychologist should choose the dependent variables for the evaluation by:

1. averaging the scores from the tests to increase the reliability and therefore the validity of the measures.
2. choosing from among the tests by selecting the test with the highest reliability.
3. asking the school principal to provide the guidance on the selection of criteria, because the principal will have continuing responsbility for the results.
4. using professional judgement to select from among the tests or cominations of tests, depending upon the goals of the program.

Back 60

4. using professional judgement to select from among the tests or combinations of tests, depending upon the goals of the program.

Front 61

61. The empirical literature suggests that when mothers give their childrn's developmental and social histories, the mothers' memories are most accurate about:

1. school relations.
2. interpersonal relations.
3. child-rearing practices.
4. motor development and weight gain.

Back 61

4. motor development and weight gain.

Front 62

62. With regard to minority and nonminmority clients, psychotherapy is

1. more effective for nonminorithy clients.
2. equally effective.
3. more effective for minority clients.
4. more-effective when client and therapist have the same racial/ethnic origins.

Back 62

2. equally effective

Front 63

63. In a skewed smooth distribution with a tail extended to the left, the statistic with the highest value is the:

1. standard deviatino.
2. mode.
3. median.
4. mean

Back 63

2. mode.

Front 64

64. Which of the following contributes to a favorable prognosis for psychotherapy?

1. A long history of neurosis.
2. Dependency.
3. Strong reinforcement of symptoms.
4. Misery

Back 64

4. Misery

Front 65

65. Performance of which type of activity has a positive relationship with age?

1. Continuous paced data processing
2. Knowledge-based judgments with no time pressure
3. Relatively undemanding activities
4. Skilled manual labor

Back 65

2. Knowledge-based judgments with no time pressure.

Front 66

66. For deception in an experiment to be permissible, it is essential that the:

1. merits of value of the scientific investigation warrents the type of deception used.
2. investigator include a careful explanation of the deceoption within 3 years following the experiment.
3. deception does not involve withholding information about the purpose of the research.
4. deception does not significantly mislead participants.

Back 66

1. merits or value of the scientific investigation warrants the type of deception used.

Front 67

67. a 38-year-old person is afraid to travel on public transportation. A program of treatment that relies on graduated exposure to traveling by bus, with actual real-life behavioral sactivities increased across trials, is called:

1. flooding.
2. modeling.
3. reinforced practice.
4. implosion.

Back 67

3. reinforced practice.

Front 68

68. Emic approaches to multicultural counsling training are often advocated on the basis of:

1. difficulty in gaining knowledge regarding a large number of cultural groups.
2. the presence of many members of a particular cultural group int eh training program's catchment area.
3. the need to focus on personal and cultural meaning for each individual client.
4. the need to view culturally different groups in similar ways.

Back 68

3. the need to focus on personal and cultural meaning for each individual client.

Front 69

69. Therapists considering working with elderly persons should especially keep in mind that, on most variables, the elderly:

1. seldom make good candidates for psychotherapy.
2. have very few issues that can be addressed meaningfully in psychotherapy.
3. usually have great difficulty learning and remembering things.
4. show greater within-age-group differences than younger persons.

Back 69

4. show greater within-age-group differences than younger persons.

Front 70

70. The sleep-wake cylcle is regulated by the:

1. reticular formatino.
2. cerebellum.
3. thalamus.
4. parietal lobe.

Back 70

1. reticular formation

Front 71

71. According to classical test theory, the variance of the obtained test scores is equal to the:

1. sum of the general variance and the specific variance.
2. sum of the true score variance and the error variance.
3. variance error of the distributino of scores.
4. variance error of the mean of the scores.

Back 71

2. sum of the true score variance and the error variance.

Front 72

72. The central ingredient of the most effective behavioral treatment for agoraphiobia is:

1. deep muscle relaxation.
2. prolonged exposure in vivo
3. shaping the desired behavior with an implemented reward system.
4. exposure in fantasy.

Back 72

2. prolonged exposure in vivo.

Front 73

73. The neurotransmitter most directly invovled in voluntary muscle movement is:

1. norepinephrine.
2. acetylcholine.
3. epinephrine.
4. dopamine.

Back 73

2. acetylcholine.

Front 74

74. A 60-year old fire chief is referred to you because department policy requires a fitness evaluation when an employee reaches this age. You have been asked to assist in the fitness evaluation. Which of the following would be the most important factor to consider in your evaluation?

1. Emotion fitness.
2. General intelligence.
3. Motivation.
4. Functional abilities.

Back 74

4. Functional abilities

Front 75

75. One of the most frequent findings of studies on human beings with "split brains" is that:

1. the right hemisphere is predominantly concerned with verbal information.
2. certain kinds of visuospatial task are performed better by the right hemisphere than by the left.
3. the right hemisphere provides back-up for the left in some tasks, but excels the left in none.
4. aside from the long-known localization of speech functions, the two hemisphers appear to be essentially equivalent as information processors

Back 75

2. certain kinds of visuospatial tasks

Front 76

76. In order to deal with the legal issue of age discrimination, it is important for the psychologist to know that, with regard to the firing of an employee, evidence of age discrimination exists:

1. only when company policy reflects adverse impact on older workers.
2. whenever the employee's age, instead of work performance, is the basis for firing.
3. whenever the affected employee can demonstrate substantial economic loss.
4. only when the majority of employers in a given age group are adversely affected economically.

Back 76

2. whenever the employee's age, instead of work performance, is the basis for firing.

Front 77

77. Which of the following training methods will develop a response most resistant to extinction?

1. Partial reinforcement
2. Large magnitude reinforcement
3. Mild punishment for each failure to respond
4. Reinforcement on every trial

Back 77

1. Partial reinforcement

Front 78

78. The classic aging pattern is defined as a decline on which subtest(s) of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised?

1. All Verbal subtests
2. All Performance subtests
3. Vocabulary subtest only
4. Block Design subtest only

Back 78

2. All Performance subtests

Front 79

79. Individuals who profit most from crisis group intervention are those who:

1. have gone from one life crisis to another.
2. have obtained secondary gratification from normal life stresses.
3. are particularly in touch with social reality.
4. have experienced acute onset of significant symptoms.

Back 79

4. have experienced acute onset of significant symptoms.

Front 80

80. The most common cause of cerebral palsy is:

1. trauma at the time of birth.
2. dual hemorrhages.
3. measles with accompanying fever.
4. a genetic (autosomal) trait.

Back 80

1. trauma at the time of birth.

Front 81

81. The technique that is most likely to produce an immediate improvement in the behavior of a child who hits others and rips up schoolbooks is:

1. a combinatino of reinforcement for appropriate behavior and mild punishment for innapropriate behavior.
2. differential positive reinforcement.
3. loss of privileges for misbehaving.
4. shaping.

Back 81

1. a combination of reinforcement for appropriate behavior and mild punishment for inappropriate behavior.

Front 82

82. The inability to understand words, without any loss of ability to speak or hear words, is:

1. sensory aphasia.
2. motor aphasia.
3. sensory ataxia.
4. avocalia.

Back 82

1. sensory aphasia

Front 83

83. After 6 months of once-a-week therapy and several attempts to evaluate and adjust treatment goals and strategies, a patient continues to complain over several sessions that therapy has not helped and that therapy goals have not been met. The psychologist should:

1. immediately terminate treatment and refer the patient elsewhere.
2. discuss the possibility that the patient consult with another therapist.
3. treat this an an instance of resistance.
4. increase the frequency of sessions.

Back 83

2. discuss the possibility that the patient consult with another therapist.

Front 84

84. Of the following, the most accurate statement about hypnotic induction is that:

1. is harmful to many clients.
2. allows the therapist to control the client's behavior
3. can be terminated by the client.
4. works better with less intelligent clients.

Back 84

3. can be terminated by the client.

Front 85

85. The correlation between two sets of test scores indicates the:

1. extent to which skill in one test results in skill in another.
2. accuracy of the two sets of test scores.
3. extent to which skill in both tests in the result of a third skill.
4. proportion of variance in one test associated with variance in the other test.

Back 85

4. proportion of variance in one test associated with variance in the other test.

Front 86

86. Which of the following distinguishes Narcissitic Personality Disorder from other personality disorders?

1. An exaggerated sense of self-importance
2. A fragile set of interpersonal relationships.
3. A long-term persistent pattern of impulsive egoistical behavior.
4. Excessive emotionality and attention -seeking.

Back 86

1. An exaggerated sense of self-importance

Front 87

87. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is most successfully used with:
1. psychogenic amnesia.
2. catatonic schizophrenia.
3. delusional depression.
4. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.

Back 87

3. delusional depression.

Front 88

88. Quasi-experimental designs are distinguished from true experimental designs on the basis of whether there is:
1. random selection of participants from the population.
2. use of control or comparison groups
3. random assignment of participants to groups.
4. use of valid and reliable measures of outcome.

Back 88

3. random assignment of participants to groups.

Front 89

89. In general, children who have a high activity level tend to react to pressure by:
1. becoming anxious.
2. becoming passive.
3. increasing nonproductive motor activity.
4. becoming physically and behaviorally abusive.

Back 89

3. increasing nonproductive motor activity.

Front 90

90. Among women, which of the following subgroups has been shown to be the most frequent users of suicide prevention services?
1. Young ethnic minority women
2. Elderly ethnic minority women
3. Young Caucasian women
4. Elderly Caucasian women

Back 90

3. Young Caucasian women

Front 91

91. At the termination of an extensive training program, management may expect to find that:
1. most trainees have improved, but relative standing is generally maintained.
2. primarily low-ability trainees have improved in performance.
3. primarily high-ability trainees have improved in performance.
4. all trainees are at the same performance level.

Back 91

1. most trainees have improved, but relative standing is generally maintained.

Front 92

92. A psychologist has been asked to oversee a group that will be designing training programs to enable outplaced workers to fill existing jobs in community organizations. The first step the group should take is to:
1. determine the skill levels and job satisfaction of currently employed people in the community.
2. evaluate the self-esteem of each outplaced worker.
3. perform job analyses for all jobs for which training will be offered.
4. develop training objectives for all jobs for which training will be offered.

Back 92

3. perform job analyses for all jobs for which training will be offered.

Front 93

93. One of your therapy clients asks your advice about a good weight-reduction program. You have investigated the programs in the community and are enrolled in the one you consider the best. This program offers a $50 bonus to its patrons for each new person they bring into the program. Under these circumstances, your most appropriate response would be to:
1. tell your client the pros and cons of each program you know about except for the one in which you are enrolled.
2. recommend to your client the program in which you are enrolled and explain the $50 bonus you will receive.
3. recommend to your client the program in which you are enrolled and offer to have the $50 bonus credited to your client's account in the program.
4. tell your client the pros and cons of each program you know about, but do not claim the $50 bonus if your client enrolls in your program.

Back 93

4. tell your client the pros and cons of each program you know about, but do not claim the $50 bonus if your client enrolls in your program.

Front 94

94. Studies show the effect of the presence of others on an individual's performance is to:
1. facilitate the performance of novel and difficult tasks.
2. facilitate the performance of easy tasks.
3. hinder the performance of all tasks.
4. hinder the performance of easy tasks.

Back 94

2. facilitate the performance of easy tasks.

Front 95

95. A four year old boy frequently takes on the female role in play with his friends is exhibiting:
1. Transexualism.
2. normal childhood exploration.
3. Gender Identity Disorder
4. homosexual predisposition.

Back 95

2. normal childhood exploration.

Front 96

96. The inablility to recognize objects by touch alone is most likely the result of damage to the:
1. medulla oblongata.
2. corpus callosum.
3. parietal cortex.
4. pons.

Back 96

3. parietal cortex.

Front 97

97. In aversive counterconditioning of a sexual fetish using electric shock, the conditioned stimulus is the:
1. fetish object.
2. new response.
3. unconditioned fear.
4. electric shock.

Back 97

1. fetish object.

Front 98

98. The most likely use of an "in-basket" technique in personnel selection would be with which type of employee?
1. Clerical
2. Sales
3. Managerial
4. Secretarial

Back 98

3. Managerial

Front 99

99. According to ethics codes published by the American and Canadian Psychological Associations,
psychologists participating in forensic activities should avoid misleading testimony or reports by:
1. stating conclusions in tentative terms.
2. refusing to testify if they have had a prior professional relationship with one of the parties.
3. providing access to psychometric information.
4. acknowledging the limits of their data or conclusions.

Back 99

4. acknowledging the limits of their data or conclusions.

Front 100

100. Which of the following satisfies the criteria for tertiary prevention in a school setting?
1. Individual counseling for students returning from an institution care facility
2. Career guidance offered students unsure about plans after graduation
3. Small-group counseling of students affected by initial stages of divorce
4. Large-group programs emphasizing development of children's self-esteem

Back 100

1. Individual counseling for students returning from an institution care facility

Front 101

101. A correct statement regarding the many different types of treatment available for alcohol abuse is that:

1. community-based (halfway-house) treatements have greater efficacy than hospital-based (inpatient) treatments.
2. no type of treatment has been shown to be effective.
3. there is no established evidence to support the greater efficacy of any one technique over all others.
4. all successful treatments depend on part upon techniques developed by Alcoholics Anonymous (AA).

Back 101

3. there is no established evidence to support the greater efficacy of any one technique over all others.

Front 102

102. Fechner's law assumes that "just noticeable differences" are:

1. psychologically equal intervals.
2. numerically equal intervals.
3. progressively smaller in magnitude.
4. erratic and cannot be reliably measured.

Back 102

1. psychologically equal intervals.

Front 103

103. An evaluation of a particular treatment fails to show an overall effect. However, the experimenter does find that the most severely disturbed do show considerable improvement, and therefore concludes that the treatment is effective with extreme cases. This conclusion:
1. is valid if a t test comparing severely disturbed patients with less severely disturbed patients is significant.
2. fails to take into account regression toward the mean.
3. fails to take into account historical and maturational variables.
4. fails to take into account the fact that the "placebo effect" is most pronounced in severely disturbed patients.

Back 103

2. fails to take into account regression toward the mean.

Front 104

104. A psychiatrist sends a signed patient release form to a psychologist requesting a copy of a report on a patient who was assessed 7 years earlier. The psychologist should:
1. write a letter to the psychiatrist refusing to send the report because too much time has elapsed.
2. send the report as requested.
3. contact the patient directly prior to sending the report.
4. send the report with a covering letter indicating that the report may now be obsolete.

Back 104

4. send the report with a covering letter indicating that the report may now be obsolete.

Front 105

105. The largest proportion of variation in therapy outcome is accounted for by:
1. pre-existing client factors, such as the motivation to change.
2. therapeutic techniue variables. such as the ability to be directive and still keep the patient in therapy.
3. therapist personality factors, such as warmth and empathy.
4. therapist-client interactions, such as the (favorable) combination of a cold therapist with a manipulative client.

Back 105

1. pre-existing client factors, such as the motivation to change.

Front 106

106. Over the course of many months, a series of test items is administered to people of varying ages, races, and social backgrounds, to determine which questions will be retained on the final version of a test. This process is called:
1. content validation.
2. concurrent validation.
3. predictive validation.
4. standardization.

Back 106

4. standardization.

Front 107

107. A 66 year-old client is depressed, has rhythmic hand movements, and has a flattened affect is probably suffering from:
1. Parkinson's disease.
2. Vascular Dementia.
3. a right frontal lobe tumor.
4. Alzheimer's disease.

Back 107

1. Parkinson's disease.

Front 108

108. Unlike play activities for adults, play activities for children:
1. serve to relieve stress.
2. are more structured.
3. serve mostly for entertainment.
4. aid in mastering the environment.

Back 108

4. aid in mastering the environment.

Front 109

109. A 15 year-old consistently engaging in unprotected sexual intercourse and denying the possibility of pregnancy and /or contracting sexually transmitted diseases is an example of:
1. formal operational thought.
2. adolescent egocentrism.
3. early sociocentrism.
4. identity foreclosure.

Back 109

2. adolescent egocentrism.

Front 110

110. When preparing a psychological testing report, a psychologist is ethically bound to include:
1. only data for which independent corroborating evidence exists.
2. interpretations of the data and limiting circumstances involving the test administration.
3. raw data, where this is appropriate in the psychologist's professional judgement.
4. any potential pathology that the psychologist has cause to suspect may develop.

Back 110

2. interpretations of the data and limiting circumstances involving the test administration.

Front 111

111. A psychologist at a pain clinic is helping design a medication reduction schedule to address the learned aspects of a patient's medication use. The psychologist's best recommendation would be to administer medication:
1. in the patient's food, because reduction will occur sooner as the patient's awareness of the medication decreases.
2. at specific times, because then the medication will not be given in response to pain.
3. only when requested by the patient, because reduction will occur sooner if less medication is given.
4. by injection, because as administration becomes more painful, less medication will be requested.

Back 111

2. at specific times, because then the medication will not be given in response to pain.

Front 112

112. In a research study, a mother and her infant are alone in a room. A stranger enters and the mother leaves the room. When the mother returns to the room, the infant begins to cry and initially continues to do so even after being picked up by the mother. Eventually, the infant settles down and returns to playing, apparently happily, with the toys provided. Which attachment classification is most likely to be appropriate for this infant?
1. Disorganized
2. Anxious resistant
3. Avoidant
4. Secure

Back 112

4. Secure

Front 113

113. In personnel selection, it is appropriate to ask a person's age when:
1. employees in a given age group may not perform as well as some younger employees in the same job.
2. age is a bona fide occupational requirement.
3. properly administered intelligence and personality tests suggest that the incumbent is not likely to perform satisfactorily in the future.
4. standardized test results show that the incumbent does not have all the aptitudes expected for the particular job.

Back 113

2. age is a bona fide occupational requirement.

Front 114

114. Self-control procedures such as those used for controlling alcohol abuse are most easily implemented:
1. early in a response chain.
2. when the drive level is strongest.
3. when competing behaviors are least likely.
4. as close to the point of reinforcement as possible.

Back 114

1. early in a response chain.

Front 115

115. The primary impact of the Hawthorne experiments in the Western Electric Company was in showing the effect on work performance of:
1. physical factors such as temperature and lighting.
2. differing pay scales for differing levels of effort.
3. interpersonal and social factors.
4. effective training programs at the workbench.

Back 115

3. interpersonal and social factors.

Front 116

116. Three types of prevention have been identified in community mental health. Secondary prevention attempts to:
1. deal with problems before they occur.
2. prevent relapses of problems.
3. reduce the severity of problems.
4. prevent community disintegration.

Back 116

3. reduce the severity of problems.

Front 117

117. Electrical stimulation of the brain for the treatment of chronic pain:
1. may produce its effects by promoting the release of endogenous opiates-dorphins).
2. may produce its effects by promoting the release of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine.
3. is generally effective, but medically ill advised because such stimulation has aversive properties.
4. is of no practical significance, since stimulation-produced analgesia has been demonstrated only in rats.

Back 117

1. may produce its effects by promoting the release of endogenous opiates-dorphins).

Front 118

118. Asking an obese person to restrict eating to limited situations, such as a specific place in the kitchen at particular predetermined times of day, is best described as an example of:
1. stimulus control.
2. response control.
3. self-punishment.
4. self-monitoring.

Back 118

1. stimulus control.

Front 119

119. When the spread of scores increases, the variance:
1. decreases.
2. increases.
3. stays the same.
4. can increase or decrease.

Back 119

2. increases.

Front 120

120. Attempting to teach a new behavior through the use of aversive techniques is difficult because of which of the following?
1. Emotional reactivity is often increased.
2. Punishment merely suppresses unwanted behavior.
3. The frequency of the behavior is often low.
4. Inhibition to conditioning is encountered.

Back 120

2. Punishment merely suppresses unwanted behavior.

Front 121

121. The statistic in a test manual that indicates how close an obtained score is to a true score is the:
1. reliability coefficient.
2. standard error of measurement.
3. validity coefficient.
4. standard error of estimate.

Back 121

2. standard error of measurement.

Front 122

122. Comparison of an individual's score with an inappropriate norm group affects all of the following except:
1. relevance of the score.
2. reliability of the score.
3. decisions about the subject.
4. validity of the score.

Back 122

2. reliability of the score.

Front 123

123. A community bank consists of four branch offices with approximately 60 employees each. The general management would like to institute a health risk-reduction program by encouraging weight loss and smoking cessation among the employees. Which of the following programs would be most effective?
1. Employee reimbursement for costs and fees associated with professional help for weight loss and smoking cessation.
2. Development of, and participation in, local community group sessions focusing on weight loss and smoking cessation.
3. A competition among the four branches focusing on stepwise reductions in weight and smoking.
4. Distribution of health information and self-help materials related to weight loss and smoking cessation.

Back 123

3. A competition among the four branches focusing on stepwise reductions in weight and smoking.

Front 124

124. Studies of persons in their 70's, 80's and 90's indicate that intellectual functioning is most closely related to:
1. social support.
2. life experience.
3. chronological age.
4. health status.

Back 124

4. health status.

Front 125

125. After studying for an examination, retention of the learned material is best facilitated by:
1. sleeping.
2. studying a related subject.
3. exercising.
4. studying an unrelated subject.

Back 125

1. sleeping.

Front 126

126. Job satisfaction appears to be most negatively correlated with:

1. intelligence level.
2. turnover rate.
3. isolation from colleagues.
4. educational level.

Back 126

2. turnover rate.

Front 127

127. Research on second-language acquisition has shown which of the following about children who acquire a second language?

1. Their cognitive development is delayed.
2. They have better articulation than children who are not bilingual.
3. Their native language proficiency has no effect on the rate of acquiring the second language.
4. They have increased cognitive flexibility.

Back 127

4. They have increased cognitive flexibility.

Front 128

128. The Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing provides:

1. reliabilty and validity data on over 3,000 tests, along with minimum training requirements needed to administer, score, and interpret each test.
2. detailed legal requirements for the use of tests and manuals.
3. criteria by which tests and manuals should be judged, and which tests should strive to meet.
4. lists of approved tests and manuals.

Back 128

3. criteria by which tests and manuals should be judged, and which tests should strive to meet.

Front 129

129. A psychologist is asked to see a 10-year-old child for counseling in a school setting. Which of the following statements describes the best way for the psychologist to meet the prescribed ethical responsibility?

1. The child provides verbal assent to participate in therapy.
2. Both the parent(s) and the child provide written consent to therapy for the child.
3. The parent(s) provide(s) written consent and the child assents verbally to participate in therapy.
4. The parent(s) provide(s) written and verbal consent to therapy for the child.

Back 129

3. The parent(s) provide(s) written consent and the child assents verbally to participate in therapy.

Front 130

130. A woman has a schizophrenic brother. According to research data, the probability that she is or will become schizophrenic is about:

1. .01
2. .12
3. .50
4. .70

Back 130

2. .12

Front 131

131. Physiologically based drives such as rage and fear reactions are regulated by the:

1. basal ganglia.
2. hypothalamus.
3. reticular formation.
4. thalamus.

Back 131

2. hypothalamus.

Front 132

132. Research in the workplace has shown that a subordinates participation in goal setting leads to the selection of goals that, when compared to goals set for subordinates unilaterally by their supervisors, are:

1. more challenging.
2. of about the same level of difficulty.
3. never accomplished.
4. less challenging.

Back 132

1. more challenging.

Front 133

133. Which of the following is an example of a double-bind message?

1. A father tells his son, "I sure hope you can come to the movies with us tonight," when it is clear by his tone and posture that he does not hope so.
2. A mother tells her daughter, "Good move," when the daughter drops and breaks a dinner plate.
3. A teacher tells a student, " You can do that if you want to, but you'll get into trouble."
4. A teacher tells a student, "You can do that if you want to, but I would appreciate it if you would not."

Back 133

1. A father tells his son, "I sure hope you can come to the movies with us tonight," when it is clear by his tone and posture that he does not hope so.

Front 134

134. As director and practicing professional psychologist for a North American Indian mental health center on a reservation, which of the following programmatic efforts should you incorporate into your culturally sensitive model of mental health care?

1. Include indigenous paraprofessionals, including traditional healers, who will facilitate acceptance and effectiveness of the program.
2. Ensure that all mental health care is povided on the facility's site, in order to maintain objectivity and accountability.
3. Set out specific clinical-care guidelines that model mainstream medicine, in order to socialize clients into the mental health care system.
4. Employ only providers who are licensed, competent, and able to commmunicate mainstream mental health care effectively.

Back 134

1. Include indigenous paraprofessionals, including traditional healers, who will facilitate acceptance and effectiveness of the program.

Front 135

135. At birth, the least developed part of the brain is the:

1. visual system.
2. cortex.
3. brain stem.
4. cerebellum.

Back 135

2. cortex.

Front 136

136. In an approach-approach conflict, a discernible move in a given direction should:

1. resolve the conflict in that direction.
2. result in prolonged oscillation.
3. reduce the attractiveness of the outcome approached.
4. lead to a return in the opposite direction.

Back 136

1. resolve the conflict in that direction.

Front 137

137. A supervisor has declared, "My position gives me a great deal of authority. My subordinates know that I expect that my orders will be followed." This supervisor's statement refers to:

1. expert power.
2. legitimate power.
3. reward power.
4. referent power.

Back 137

2. legitimate power.

Front 138

138. In Bandura's social learning theory, the concept of self-reinforcement is critical for explaining how in the absence of external reward:

1. socially appropriate behavior can be learned in the absence of models.
2. rival responses are acquired.
3. learned behavior is maintained over time.
4. children can overcome the negative effects of poor models.

Back 138

3. learned behavior is maintained over time.

Front 139

139. The risk of withdrawal delirium is greatest following discontinuation of which of the following substances?

1. Cocaine
2. LSD
3. Phenobarbital
4. Heroin

Back 139

3. Phenobarbital

Front 140

140. In an immigrant family, serious conflict between the mother and an adolescent child will most likely be due to:

1. adolescent strivings for independence.
2. their differential rates of adjustment to the new environment.
3. the enmeshment that is typical of families that have left their native land.
4. the psychopathology resulting from the stresses of the immigration experience.

Back 140

2. their differential rates of adjustment to the new environment.

Front 141

141. "Time-Out" procedures in manipulating behaviors are based on the conditioning concept of:

1. removal of a positive reinforcer.
2. differential reinforcement.
3. negative reinforcement.
4. stimulus generalization.

Back 141

1. removal of a positive reinforcer.

Front 142

142. Object relations therapy is similar to Freudian psychodynamic therapy in its primary focus on:

1. issues of attachment and separation.
2. the neutral role of the therapist.
3. early childhood experiences.
4. the ego, id, and superego.

Back 142

3. early childhood experiences.

Front 143

143. Gestalt therapy is designed to achieve intergration of:

1. motive patterns and habit patterns.
2. thought, feeling, and action.
3. past, present, and future.
4. external and internal processes.

Back 143

2. thought, feeling, and action.

Front 144

144. One Friday afternoon, just before leaving on a weekend trip, a psychologist receives a call from a therapy client who claims to have taken an overdose of pills in a suicide attempt. The psychologist tells the client to call a physician immediately and to come in at 9:00 A.M. on Monday for a session. The psychologist makes no other attempt to intervene, and the client dies later that evening without making any other calls for assistance. In this situation, the psychologist's behavior was clearly:

1. unethical, because the client's needs were not addressed more directly.
2. unethical, because the psychologist should have delayed the trip and given the client an appointment for that afternoon.
3. unethical, because the psychologist should have called a physician directly.
4. ethical, because it was not possible to determine whether or not the client was being manipulative.

Back 144

1. unethical, because the client's needs were not addressed more directly.

Front 145

145. Although it is rarely feasible to engage in such a practice, the most valid way for psychotherapists to monitor the quality of their own services is to:

1. attempt as dispassionately as possible to estimate the success of their therapeutic efforts.
2. consult regularly with fellow therapists who provide mutual review of one another's cases.
3. engage the services of a consultant who reviews tape recordings of typical sessions conducted by the therapists.
4. check in an objective manner their clients' ability to cope with their problems.

Back 145

.4. check in an objective manner their clients' ability to cope with their problems.

Front 146

146. When several dependent measures are used in a single study, a multivariate analysis of variance would be prefereable to a seperate univariate analysis on each dependent measure in order to reduce the:

1. number of Type II errors.
2. amount of error variance.
3. number of Type I errors.
4. magnitude of influence of the covariation.

Back 146

3. number of Type I errors.

Front 147

147. Longitudinal studies of children with specific reading disabilities show that:

1. these children usually have subtle hearing disorders.
2. reading skills usually do not reach normal levels as these children reach adulthood.
3. these children usually excel in sports.
4. the reading impairment is usually accompanied by a low vocabulary level.

Back 147

2. reading skills usually do not reach normal levels as these children reach adulthood.

Front 148

148. The major difference between job enrichment and job enlargement is that job enrichment:

1. provides management with tighter control of work activities.
2. appeals mostly to workers in mass-production-type jobs.
3. gives workers quasi-managerial tasks to perform.
4. lengthens the work cycle.

Back 148

3. gives workers quasi-managerial tasks to perform.

Front 149

149. Which of the following statements expresses a relationship between aging and sexual functioning?

1. Aging is related to an increase in vaginal lubrication.
2. Aging is associated with an increase in the frequency and number of orgasmic contractions in both sexes.
3. There is no significant relationship between aging and sexual responses in either sex.
4. Aging is related to some loss of erectile rigidity in the male.

Back 149

4. Aging is related to some loss of erectile rigidity in the male.

Front 150

150. Ethnic identity refers to:

1. cultural practices and beliefs that are non-Western in orientation and perspective.
2. the collective cultrual practices, traditions, and orientations of ethnic minority communities.
3. a rejection of Caucasian social, cultural and institutional standards.
4. the extent to which an individual endorses and practices the ethnocultural traditions of a given group.

Back 150

4. the extent to which an individual endorses and practices the ethnocultural traditions of a given group.

Front 151

151. An employee of a large manufacturing firm finds the work dull, and pursues the job only for the money. The employee performs minimally, and is not motivated to produce higher quantity or better quality. According to F. Herzberg's theory, the best way to increase this worker's self-motivation would be to:

1. offer a raise and incentive pay for greater productivity.
2. redesign the job to provide a challenge and a sense of accomplishment.
3. increase opportunities for informed social interaction.
4. provide the employee with a job title carrying greater prestige.

Back 151

2. redesign the job to provide a challenge and a sense of accomplishment.