Test 1

Front 1

Jung proposed the collective unconscious, which is essentially the same as Freud’s version of the unconscious.

Back 1

False

Front 2

In naturalistic observation the researcher must be careful to set up interventions in an outdoor environment.

Back 2

False

Front 3

The dependent variable is the variable manipulated by the researcher.

Back 3

False

Front 4

A positive correlation implies a cause and effect relationship.

Back 4

False

Front 5

Psychology confines itself to the study of human behavior.

Back 5

False

Front 6

7% of your grade in this class is dependent upon participation in SONA research.

Back 6

True

Front 7

The first psychology lab was established in 1879 in Germany by Wilhelm Wundt

Back 7

True

Front 8

B.F.Skinner implemented Radical Behaviorism and changed the study of Psychology in America.

Back 8

True

Front 9

Freud’s first published paper was on the benefits of cocaine.

Back 9

True

Front 10

Psychology is a science.

Back 10

True

Front 11

Psychology is the scientific study of:

Back 11

a. Human behavior b. Attitudes and beliefs c. Mind & Brain

Front 12

Which of the following is primarily concerned with treatment of the mind:

Back 12

Psychiatrist

Front 13

Which of the following does not define a theory?

Back 13

all of these describe a theory: A theory is fact-based b. A theory presents an idea that is testable c. A theory provides a model for understanding data

Front 14

In class, we did an exercise with colored font demonstrating cognitive dissonance. Cognitive dissonance explains how a person can hold two competing ideas at the same time. This is an example of what type of theory:

Back 14

mini theory

Front 15

Clinical psychology is primarily concerned with:

Back 15

the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems.

Front 16

Compared to other methods of drawing conclusions about behavior, the major advantages of the scientific approach are:

Back 16

. emphasis on empiricism

Front 17

An experiment is a research method in which the investigator manipulates the ______variable and observes whether any changes occur in a(n) ______ variable as a result.

Back 17

independent; dependent

Front 18

Social psychologist Stanley Schachter hypothesized that increases in anxiety would cause increases in desire to be with others. In this study, the independent variable was

Back 18

level of anxiety

Front 19

A researcher wants to determine whether diet causes children to learn better in school. In this study, the independent variable is:

Back 19

the type of diet

Front 20

A control group consists of subjects who:

Back 20

do not receive the special treatment given to the experimental group.

Front 21

The experimental and control groups should be the same in every respect except for the:

Back 21

the manipulation of the independent variable.

Front 22

A correlation exists when

Back 22

two variables are related to each other.

Front 23

A positive correlation coefficient indicates the two variables covary in the __________, and a negative coefficient indicates that the variables covary ____________.

Back 23

same direction; in the opposite direction

Front 24

A correlation coefficient of -0.80 indicates a:

Back 24

strong, inverse correlation.

Front 25

Case studies:

Back 25

None of the above

Front 26

______________ is the premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation.

Back 26

Empiricism

Front 27

All psychodynamic theories stem from the work of:

Back 27

Freud

Front 28

Which of the following is NOT one of the three levels of awareness proposed by Freud?

Back 28

Collective unconscious

Front 29

You’re feeling guilty after your third bowl of ice cream. You tell yourself it's alright because yesterday you skipped lunch. This is an example of:

Back 29

rationalization

Front 30

Attributing your own thoughts, feelings, or motives to others to ward off anxiety or guilt is called:

Back 30

projection

Front 31

Which of the following theoretical orientations asserts that scientific psychology should focus on the study of observable behavior?

Back 31

Behaviorism

Front 32

Which of the following individuals is generally recognized for initiating the development of behaviorism?

Back 32

John B. Watson

Front 33

Which of the following individuals is credited with discovering classical conditioning?

Back 33

Ivan Pavlov

Front 34

Which psychological perspective views human behavior as the result of reinforcement and punishment?

Back 34

Behaviorist

Front 35

One criticism of the behavioral approach in the past is that:

Back 35

there was too much research on people instead of other animals

Front 36

Humanistic theory emerged in the 1950s as a(n) ______ behavioral and psychodynamic theories.

Back 36

backlash against

Front 37

Which of the following individuals based his theory on the importance of the self-concept?

Back 37

Carl Rogers

Front 38

In contrast to the Freudian model, Maslow believed that psychology should take a greater interest in the_____________ personality.

Back 38

healthy

Front 39

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is based on the idea that:

Back 39

some needs are more basic than others

Front 40

Which of the following psychologists said “personality is determined to a large extent by person’s genes”?

Back 40

Hans Eysenck

Front 41

The area of psychological research that attempts to trace the hereditary influences on personality is called:

Back 41

behavioral genetics

Front 42

Twin studies allow researchers to assess hereditary influences, in part, because:

Back 42

genetic overlap for fraternal twins is greater than for non-twin siblings

Front 43

Twin studies discussed in your text suggest that genes account for about ______ of peoples’ variation in personality:

Back 43

50%

Front 44

Behavioral genetics has provided evidence that

Back 44

biological factors help shape personality

Front 45

If a company were to have a policy which allowed employees to take as many sick days as they wanted because the company believed people would not take advantage, one could say the company viewed human behavior through which perspective?

Back 45

Humanist

Front 46

In class, I used an example of separating a radio into its component parts to study how it works. This type of perspective is referred to as:

Back 46

Reductionist

Front 47

Some of the critiques of the psychodynamic perspective include:

Back 47

Ignores free will, Loses sight of the role of socialization, Focuses too much on childhood experiences

Front 48

Some of the critiques of the Behaviorist perspective include:

Back 48

Tends to reason backward: behavior to mind-set

Front 49

According to Jung, the collective unconscious is a storehouse of latent memory traces

inherited from people’s ancestral past, which is:

Back 49

shared with the entire human race

Front 50

A teacher takes notes while watching students on the playground to see if differences in

play behavior are associated with discipline problems in class. The teacher is using

which of the following research methods?

Back 50

Naturalistic observation