Test #1

Front 1

The faster a psychoactive drug reaches its target in the CNS the

Back 1

greater its reinforcing effect

Front 2

The route of drug administration that delivers a drug to the brain the quickest is

Back 2

inhaling or insufflation

Front 3

True or False - The faster the drug gets to the brain the more potent the experienced effect

Back 3

True

Front 4

Injection bypasses most of the body's defenses and is therefore the

Back 4

most dangerous method of administration.

Front 5

Describe mucosal membrane absorption methods of drug administration

Back 5

rectal/vaginal suppositories, buccal, sublingual

Front 6

After administration, psychoactive drugs travel to the brain via

Back 6

circulatory system

Front 7

As drugs travel to and through every organ of the body they

Back 7

are stored, are biotransformed and cause direct effects

Front 8

An adult person has approximately 6 to 8 quarts of blood in their circulatory system. The amount of blood in a 12-year-old child's circulatory system is approximately

Back 8

3 to 4 quarts

Front 9

A developing fetus is very vulnerable to psychoactive drugs because

Back 9

the blood-brain barrier is still not completely formed

Front 10

The mechanism for processing, using, and inactivating a foreign or toxic substance is known as drug

Back 10

metabolism

Front 11

The key organs for metabolism and excretion of drugs from the body are the

Back 11

liver and kidneys

Front 12

The half-life of a drug is a measure of the time that refers to how long it takes to

Back 12

inactivate or eliminate the drug

Front 13

Factors that affect the half-life of drugs

Back 13

emotions, gender, heredity

Front 14

Exaggeration of effects that result when two or more drugs are taken at the same time is called

Back 14

drug synergism

Front 15

Dispositional or metabolic tolerance means

Back 15

the body speeds up the metabolism of the drug in order to eliminate it.

Front 16

Pharmacodynamic or cellular dynamic tolerance means

Back 16

nerve cells become less sensitive to the effects of the drug and even produce an antidote or antagonist to the drug

Front 17

Reverse tolerance means

Back 17

after the user had been tolerant to a drug for some time they become more sensitive to the drug

Front 18

Behavioral conditioning tolerance means

Back 18

the brain compensates for the effects of the drug with other non affected neurons

Front 19

Cross tolerance means

Back 19

as tolerance develops to one drug it develops to other drugs as well.

Front 20

The biological adaptation of body organs to depend on drugs just to stay functional is

Back 20

tissue dependence

Front 21

Withdrawal is best defined as

Back 21

the body's attemptt to rebalance itself after cessation of prolonged use of a psychoactive drug

Front 22

Protracted withdrawal is defined as

Back 22

environmental triggers or cues that cause a flashback or recurrence of withdrawal.

Front 23

Post-acute withdrawal syndrome or PAWS is defined as

Back 23

persistence of subtle emotional and physical withdrawal problems.

Front 24

The human nervous system is made up of how many nerve cells

Back 24

100 billion

Front 25

Human nerve cells develop a network of how many connections

Back 25

100 trillion

Front 26

What do psychoactive drugs do to the nervous system

Back 26

alter information sent to the brain from the environment, disrupt messages sent back to the various part of the body, disrupt thinking.

Front 27

Name parts of the old or primal brain

Back 27

cerebellum, mesocortex, brainstem

Front 28

What are the functions of the old brain

Back 28

basic emotions like anger, fear, hunger, lust, imprinting of survival memories, regulating respiration, heartbeat, and body temperature

Front 29

The new brain consists of

Back 29

cerebral cortex and cerebrum

Front 30

The reward/reinforcement pathway functions to

Back 30

provide feelings of satisfaction when a need is fulfilled, give a surge of relief when pain is diminished, signal other parts of the brain when satisfaction has been achieved.

Front 31

Those with substance dependence disorders feel an intense need to continue drug use because

Back 31

their stop switch in ineffective, their brain chemistry has been altered, their more/go switch is overactive

Front 32

What are the phases of reward/reinforcement circuit

Back 32

activation of the nucleus accumbens septi to do the drug or behavior again and again, anticipation of the drug or behavior which causes craving for the stimulus, activation of the orbitofrontal cortex which affects the decision making process for continued use of behavior.

Front 33

The nervous system is made up of unique nerve cells known as

Back 33

neurons

Front 34

What are the essential parts of a nerve cell

Back 34

axons and dendrites

Front 35

Messenger brain chemicals that communicate between neurons are known as

Back 35

neurotransmitters

Front 36

Neurotransmitters are synthesized within the neuron and then stored in tiny sacs called

Back 36

vesicles

Front 37

Molecules that are produced or originate from within the body are best described as

Back 37

endogenous

Front 38

Which of the following is an exogenous substance? Serotonin, Dopamine, or Morphine

Back 38

Morphine

Front 39

The brain’s main inhibitory neurotransmitter is

Back 39

GABA

Front 40

Neurotransmitters activate neurons by slotting into a

Back 40

compatible receptor

Front 41

Excitatory neurotransmitters affect neurons by

Back 41

increasing their firing or pulses

Front 42

When a cell decreases the number of receptor sites to slow message transmission it is called

Back 42

down regulation

Front 43

Drugs that bind to receptors and mimic or facilitate the effects of neurotransmitters are

Back 43

agonists

Front 44

Habituation to drug use is

Back 44

development of a definite pattern of use with no major negative consequences

Front 45

Social/recreational drug use entails

Back 45

drug seeking behavior but no established pattern and no negative consequences

Front 46

What are the 3 name classifications for drugs

Back 46

Street names, trade names, chemical names

Front 47

True or False - Psychedelic drugs like LSD and psilocybin mushrooms are known as “all arounders”

Back 47

True

Front 48

Cocaine, methamphetamine, opium, and morphine are considered by the DEA to have a high abuse potential with severe psychic or physical dependence, and have limited medical use. They are considered to be which schedule

Back 48

Schedule II drug