Sonny is a 38-year-old male who has been involved with mental health services since the age of 19. Over the years he has had input from varying services on a regular basis, including admissions to acute units. Multiple medical diagnoses have been made, namely; schizophrenia and substance abuse disorder. His schizophrenia is classified as an Axis 1 disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Sonny experiences auditory hallucinations, predominantly derogatory voices, and apprehension when engaging with others. He has been prescribed Clozapine, 200mg BD. Sonny left school at a young age, resulting in limited education and insufficient employment skills. He has
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Perhaps one of the most effective ways of meeting a client's primary needs is to develop a strong rapport and supportive relationship. By building trust the client will feel more comfortable, may be more inclined to take guidance, and be more open to interventions. One nursing diagnosis related to Sonny’s schizophrenia is; disturbed thought processes, related to hearing derogatory voices and difficulty trusting others, as evidenced by an alteration in societal participation and inability to focus. A primary goal for Sonny would be acceptance that his auditory hallucinations are false thoughts; not disagreeing that they are false, but instead giving reasonable doubt as to why they may be (Townsend, …show more content…
There are several explanations for substance abuse and dependence, however the DSM-V explains that disorders arising from drug use are caused by the activation of the brain’s reward system (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Addiction occurs when a drug causes increased dopamine release in the mesolimbic pathway, thus activating the reward system (Arias-Carrion, Stamelou, Rodrigues, Gonzalez, & Poppel, 2010). This activation increases the feelings of pleasure and euphoria, leading to a desire, and eventually a need for repeated stimulation. The reward feeling experienced from the use of certain substances can be so intense that a person may neglect normal activities or routine, in favour of using the
Perhaps one of the most effective ways of meeting a client's primary needs is to develop a strong rapport and supportive relationship. By building trust the client will feel more comfortable, may be more inclined to take guidance, and be more open to interventions. One nursing diagnosis related to Sonny’s schizophrenia is; disturbed thought processes, related to hearing derogatory voices and difficulty trusting others, as evidenced by an alteration in societal participation and inability to focus. A primary goal for Sonny would be acceptance that his auditory hallucinations are false thoughts; not disagreeing that they are false, but instead giving reasonable doubt as to why they may be (Townsend, …show more content…
There are several explanations for substance abuse and dependence, however the DSM-V explains that disorders arising from drug use are caused by the activation of the brain’s reward system (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Addiction occurs when a drug causes increased dopamine release in the mesolimbic pathway, thus activating the reward system (Arias-Carrion, Stamelou, Rodrigues, Gonzalez, & Poppel, 2010). This activation increases the feelings of pleasure and euphoria, leading to a desire, and eventually a need for repeated stimulation. The reward feeling experienced from the use of certain substances can be so intense that a person may neglect normal activities or routine, in favour of using the