Sonography

Front 1

What is sonography?

Back 1

a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high frequency sound waves (ultrasound) to visualize internal body structures

Front 2

What is sonography used for?

Back 2

Diagnosis, Treatment planning, Biopsy, Operating Room for tumor localization

Front 3

What are the advantages of Sonography?

Back 3

noninvasive, no radiation, no iV injection, portable, painless, relatively inexpensive
most commonly used imaging technique in the world today

Front 4

What are the disadvantages of sonography?

Back 4

operator dependence, bone/air/gas, obesity

Front 5

What two types of transducers are there?

Back 5

linear, with a rectangular screen and sector with a pie shaped screen

Front 6

What are the uses of the linear transducers?

Back 6

superficial structures: thyroid, parathyroid, breast, testes

Front 7

What are the uses of the sector transducers?

Back 7

deeper structures: liver, pancreas, uterus, ovary

Front 8

What are the frequencies of the transducer?

Back 8

2.25 MHz to 15 MHZ

Front 9

How does the frequency correspond to resolution?

Back 9

the higher the frequency the higher the resolution, the lower the frequency the lower the resolution

Front 10

How does frequency corespond to the depth of penetration?

Back 10

the higher the frequency the shallower the penetration, the lower the frequency the deeper the penetration

Front 11

What are the three types of anatomic scanning planes?

Back 11

sagittal- longitudinal (head L feet R)
transverse-
coronal

Front 12

What is sonography excellent for detecting?

Back 12

mass characterization: cyst (benign), solid (malignant), complex
detection of stones

Front 13

how does one characterize a cyst?

Back 13

echo free center, smooth back wall, acoustic enhancement
(if have all three of these things, 93% cyst)

Front 14

how does one characterize a solid mass?

Back 14

multiple echoes, back wall not smooth, no acoustic enhancement

Front 15

what are some examples of cystic masses?

Back 15

liver cyst, renal cyst

Front 16

What are some examples of solid masses?

Back 16

liver metastasis, renal cell carcinoma, seminoma

Front 17

How would a lymphoma characterize on an ultrasound?

Back 17

hypoechogenic, sheet of cells, not fibrous tissue, does not resolve thin walls,

Front 18

What are some examples of complex masses?

Back 18

hemorrhagic cyst, infected cyst, necrotic tumor, abscess

Front 19

What are some characteristics of a complex mass?

Back 19

features of both solid and cystic masses, 1/2 water

Front 20

how can the nature of a complex mass be characterized?

Back 20

determine how did it start off, was it a cyst or a mass

Front 21

What can happen to tumors to create a complex mass?

Back 21

tumor mass can undergo necrosis and create irregular borders

Front 22

What are the clinical indications for sonography?

Back 22

pregnancy/fetal evaluation, ovarian mass, RUQ/Urinary tract, Parathyroid Gland, Aneurysm/Carotid Artery, DVT-Other

Front 23

How can the transmission of sound waves be enhanced?

Back 23

improve contact with gel

Front 24

When and where does fertilization happen?

Back 24

Happens backwall of uterus, fundus, 6 days or a week before the patient misses their period

Front 25

When can an embryo be visulaized by sonography?

Back 25

when the embryo implants in the endometrium

Front 26

what in the intradecidual sign?

Back 26

when you can see the endometrial canal, 3 weeks after ovulation

Front 27

What is the double bleb sign?

Back 27

when you can see the heart beat, 6-7 weeks

Front 28

What is the prognosis for a fetal heart beat that is less than 100< ?

Back 28

The fetus is unlikely to survive

Front 29

What is the double sac sign?

Back 29

5-9 weeks/ pseudogestational sac of ectopic pregnancy
visualize a large balloon endometrial ccavity with a pseudogestational tract

Front 30

What can happen at 11 week of pregnancy?

Back 30

crown rump length can be used to estimate aproximate gestational age and estimate the date of delivery

Front 31

Where are possible sites of ectopic pregnancies?

Back 31

abdomin, interstial, angular, tubal, ovarian

Front 32

What does an ectopic pregnancy look like on ultrasound?

Back 32

empty uterus and bagel donut sign

Front 33

What is anecephaly?

Back 33

neural tube defect, can diagnose at 14 weeks

Front 34

How do kidney stones visualize on ultrasound?

Back 34

acoustic shadow

Front 35

How do neuroendocrine tumors visualize on ultrasound?

Back 35

hypoechoic

Front 36

How do aneurysms visualize on ultrasound?

Back 36

get a abnormal dilation of an artery, color of blood flow changes