Sociology Test 3

Front 1

Social Control

Back 1

a group’s formal and informal means of enforcing its norms

Front 2

Conformity

Back 2

going along with peers - individuals of our own status - who have no special right to direct our behavior

Front 3

Obedience

Back 3

compliance with higher authorities in a hierarchical structure

Front 4

Deviance

Back 4

the violation of norms (or rules or expectations)

Front 5

Civil Law

Back 5

laws regulating private matters; violations are considered to be wrongs against individuals

Front 6

Criminal Law

Back 6

laws regulating actions considered to be vital to the functioning of the community/state; violations are considered to be wrongs against the community/state

Front 7

Crime

Back 7

the violation of a criminal code

Front 8

Criminal Justice Funnel

Back 8

the view of the criminal justice system that reflects radical criminology: that social power allows some people to avoid having their actions be considered criminal or to avoid or receive lesser punishment when it is so considered

Front 9

Organized Crime

Back 9

illicit/illegal activities carried out collaboratively as a business - for profit

Front 10

White Collar Crime

Back 10

Edwin Sutherlan’s term for crimes committed by people of respectable and high social status in the course of their occupations; for example, bribery of public officials, securities violations, embezzlement, false advertising, and price fixing

Front 11

Corporate Crime

Back 11

crimes committed by executives in order to benefit their corporation

Front 12

Victimless Crime

Back 12

a term used by sociologists to describe the willing exchange among adults of widely desired, but illegal, goods and services (gambling, prostitution, drug trafficking)

Front 13

Street Crime

Back 13

crimes such as mugging, rape, and burglary

Front 14

Criminal Infractions

Back 14

minor violations of the criminal law; in the US usually punishable by fines

Front 15

Misdemeanors

Back 15

relatively minor violations of the criminal law; in the US usually punishable by fines, probation, or other non-incarceration sentences or by one year or less incarceration

Front 16

Felonies

Back 16

serious violations of the criminal law; in the US usually punishable by more than one year or incarceration or by death

Front 17

Capital Crimes

Back 17

crimes for which the penalty may be execution

Front 18

Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)

Back 18

a series of documents published annually by the FBI which summarizes crime statistics from throughout the US; the most commonly cited measure of criminal activity (the Crime Index) is compiled from this report

Front 19

Violent Crimes (Against Person)

Back 19

four of the eight index crimes: murder and non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault

Front 20

Property Crimes (against Property)

Back 20

the other for of the eight index crimes: burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson

Front 21

"Index Crimes" or (Part one Crimes)

Back 21

the eight crimes reported in the Crime Index; these are “serious” crimes [felonies]

Front 22

National Crime Victimization Survey

Back 22

the major federal crime victimization study established to learn more about crimes not reported or otherwise known to the police and about the victims of the crime generally