Sociology Final Exam

Front 1

Civil Religion is:

Back 1

Sacred beliefs that become so commonplace that they become part of the national culture

Front 2

The second largest religion in the world and in the United States is:

Back 2

Islam

Front 3

Which of the following statements is NOT one that reflects Durkheim's thoughts about religion?

Back 3

Because of tensions between religious groups in pluralistic societies, religion undermines social unity

Front 4

Which of the following features was NOT part of the social context for early nineteenth-century America, a time when religious faiths were becoming networks for social change?

Back 4

Strong national institutions

Front 5

Hereditary monarchies, where the crown passes down through a single family, are an example of:

Back 5

Traditional Authority

Front 6

The model that explains the emergence of a social movement that is a collective response to a structural strain that has a psychological effect on individuals is:

Back 6

Classical theory

Front 7

What is Keynesian economics and how is it supposed to work?

Back 7

economy goes in cycles and when it gets the lowest that when you boost the economy (macroeconomic theory)
government intervention in the form of social expenditures could pull the economy out of a recession by stimulating demand for products and services.

Front 8

Americans are ____ likely to have religious beliefs and ____ likely to be affiliated with a religious institution

Back 8

More; More

Front 9

Attendance at religious services has ____ in the United States since the 1960s, and the number of people who say they have religious beliefs or a strong sense of spirituality has____.

Back 9

Declined; held steadily or risen

Front 10

Sociologists tend to study the relationship

Back 10

between religions and other aspects of society

Front 11

Examining the meaning and uses of religion in people's everyday lives is part of a _____ approach to the subject.

Back 11

Microsociological

Front 12

Max Weber argued that the development of ____ was closely intertwined with the beliefs and values of the ____.

Back 12

Capitalism; protestant church

Front 13

The idea that religion sustains social unity by strengthening the collective conscience is an example of a ______ analysis of religion.

Back 13

Functionalist....Durkheim

Front 14

The argument that religion is used to perpetuate inequalities has its roots in which theoretical approach to studying religion?

Back 14

Conflict....Marx

Front 15

According to _____, collective action happens when people with similar ideas and tendencies gather in the same place.

Back 15

Convergence Theory

Front 16

Which of the following is a criticism of contagion theory?

Back 16

It downplays individual agency

Front 17

A social movement is?

Back 17

Collective behavior that is purposeful, organized, and institutionalized

Front 18

Collective action emphasizes leaders promoting particular social norms:

Back 18

Emergent Norm Theory

Front 19

How religious are Americans and how often do they participate:

Back 19

Religious but few participate in their religion

Front 20

What type of education do radical leaders have:

Back 20

Higher education: secular universities

Front 21

Church membership is rising while church attendance is:

Back 21

Declining

Front 22

How often do Americans go to church:

Back 22

Once a month

Front 23

Redemptive social movements:

Back 23

Target specific groups and advocate for radical changes in behavior

Front 24

Talcott Parson:

Back 24

Functionalist

Front 25

Functionalist theory of modern state:

Back 25

The state organizes society for the benefit of individuals and groups

Front 26

Marxian theory of modern state:

Back 26

States evolve as social stratification grows to protect the economically privileged

Front 27

Circumscription theory in a modern state:

Back 27

A demographic and ecological interpretation of state formation

Front 28

Welfare state:

Back 28

System in which the state is responsible for the well-being of its citizens. Justification by citizenship rights, civil rights, political rights, social rights.

Front 29

Characteristics of modern states

Back 29

Has monopoly over the use of force in a geographic area
The significance of kinship ties for the formation of the state is reduced
Develops elaborate ideologies that turn the “rule of might” to the “rule of right.”
Ideologies vs. propaganda
States are not redistributive, one direction towards the state

Front 30

Characteristics of a Bureaucracy

Back 30

impersonal rules, hierarchy, specialization, efficiency, promotions are based on achievements (MERITOCRACY)

Front 31

Pristine States:

Back 31

The first original states of Mesopotamia and Egypt (6000-5000 B.C.E.), and China, India, Mexico, and Peru.
Began as THEOCRACIES (states controlled by religious elites…).
Evolved into militaristic conquest states.

Front 32

Secondary States

Back 32

Evolve as a result of PRISTINE STATES.
They either evolve in reaction to pristine states or,
They are built from the infrastructure of a prior state

Front 33

Charismatic authority

Back 33

Power through personality (Presidents)

Front 34

Rational legal authority

Back 34

Based on the law (police officers)

Front 35

Reformative social movement:

Back 35

Limited social movement targeting an entire society

Front 36

Revolutionary social movement:

Back 36

Radical change targeting an ENTIRE society