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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Emile Durkheim's most know theories are (7) |
- used scientific method to study sociology - division of labour will replace religion as basis of society - social facts - suicide rates - anomie - solidarity/organic solidarity - functionalist perspective of sociology |
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Karl Marx's most know theories are (6) |
- Capitalism - Class and class conflict - Economy as driving force of society - people want to work - alienation - Societies can be classified by mode of production |
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Max Weber's most know theories are (5) |
- Bureaucracy - economy is not only driving force of society - Three dimensions of stratification: class, status, party - Rationalization of society (organizing for efficiency - studied civilizations |
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The three dimensions of stratification are: |
- Class (economic order) - Status (social order) - Party (political order) |
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Goffman's most common theories are (5) |
- Front stage/back stage - impression management - teams - interaction rituals - face/saving face |
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Mead's most common theories are (3) |
- Basis of socialization - socialization of children (me to I) - "taking the role of the other" |
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The main agents of socialization are (5) |
- school - family - peer groups - work - media |
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The definition of culture is: |
The patterns of behaviour in a society, the complex way of life including material and non-material aspects. Includes: Values, norms, language, material goods |
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What are the perspectives of liberalism, Marxism, and Functionalism on inequality? |
- liberalism: everybody has, or at least should have, an equal chance in the world - Capitalism: poverty is the result of class stratification - Functionalism: poverty serves a purpose in society |
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What conditions contributed to the rise of sociology? (6) |
- political revolutions - urbanization - capitalism/ industrialism - religion - science - rise of socialism |
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What did Comte believe about gender? |
Comte believed women were emotionally superior to men, but intellectually inferior. |
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What did Durkheim confirm about women and men in the study suicide? |
Women are more likely to commit suicide during marriage, men are more likely to commit suicide after it ended. Agreed with Comte. |
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Esther Newton and Judith Butler saw gender as.. |
A sustained social performance |
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What is "Doing gender"? |
West and Zimmerman's term for the (often unconscious) activity of managing one's conduct to be consistent with what is expected for their gender. |
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What is gender stratification? |
The channeling of women and men into different, usually unequal, life situations. |
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Three stats about gender inequality: |
- Women's average income is less than men's (wage-gap) - women are concentrated in traditional female occupations - Women are more likely to work part-time |
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What is social kinship? |
Notion of family that is shaped by non-biological factors, such as social alliance and affiliation. |
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What is genetic kinship? |
- Notion of family determined by biological material |
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What is racialization? |
Social and political processes by which social groups are socially constructed based on perceived physical differences, based primarily on ethnicity. "The process of forming a race out of perceived group characteristics." |
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Eugenics movement: |
A social philosophy based on improving human heredity through selective breeding for "desirable traits". |
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What are public and internalized identity? |
Public identity is how respondents labelled themselves to others. Internalized identity is how respondents identified themselves. |
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What is institutionalized racism? |
"Attitudes and practices that lead to racist outcomes through unquestioned bureaucratic procedures" (Carmichael and Hamilton, 1967) |
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The definition of deviance is: |
An action, human condition, or belief that violates the norms of a society or social group |
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Deviance is... (2) |
- social constructed - sometimes attributed to an entire social group |
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Émile Durkheim though deviance was.. |
Functional. Had a purpose in society and has both positive and negative effects. |
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Robert K. Merton's theory on deviance: |
Strain theory: Deviance is the result of some members of society being denied the opportunity to achieve cultural and societal goals, so they turn to deviance and crime to achieve those goals. |
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Differential association: |
Theory of criminality proposed by Sutherland, which states that the actions of criminals are learned behaviours, shaped by others with which they associate. |
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What is cultural support theory on crime/deviance? |
Patterns of cultural belief create and sustain deviance. |
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What is control theory on crime and deviance? |
People behave deviantly when they feel that they can get away with it. |
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What is social regulation? |
People hold each other to account for their actions, discouraging excessively individualistic behaviour. |
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Mass media is a ------ form of communication.
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one-to-many
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A --- study found that children who watched violent television at home... |
1963, behaved more aggressively at school |
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A --- study in a remote village in BC found that violent incidences increased by --- when TV was introduced. |
1970, 60% |
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Other studies on the effects of TV proved that... (2)
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- children who watch more tv are less likely to be concerned with real life violence
- People who watch more television are more likely to feel that they are unsafe and likely to be victimized |
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The definition of mass media is... |
Technology based communication structure involving the centralized production and technologically-mediated distribution of information. |
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Structural functionalist perspective believes media... (3) |
- contributes to creating consensus in society - reinforces societal norms and values - Helps inform and educate the population |
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Marxist perspective believes media.. (2) |
- creates inequality by reinforcing unequal distribution of resources and power - represents the interests of the big corporations who own it |
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Feminist perspective believes media...(1) |
- reinforces and perpetuates stereotypical gender roles and the sexualization of women |
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The video which is an example of gender roles in media is called... |
The Codes of Gender |
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Socially media is --- and --- stratified.
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Racially and socially.
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The definition of social capital is: |
One's network of social relationships and social resources. |
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The definition of public sociology is: |
An approach to sociology that tries to involve the community beyond the academic discipline in discussions about the nature of society. |
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Four types of sociological knowledge are: |
- Professional sociology - Critical sociology - Policy sociology - Public sociology |
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Social media is (3) |
- sub section of the internet - use of the internet to publish (mediated) social interaction among networked members of a community - Use application that allow for exchange of user-generated information |
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An example of the acceleration of the rate of technology adoption: |
Facebook reached 100 million users in 9 months. |
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When might political and social rebellion and revolution occur?
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When a group of people feel their goals cannot be met within an official framework.
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What is a revolution |
- a major transformation of society - overthrow of an existing political order by means of mass movement, using violence |
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Definition of a social movement: |
Collective efforts to further a common interest or secure a common goal through action outside of established institutions. Some are international and many use media and social media. |
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James Davies' theory about social movements: |
- Relative deprivation - social movements occur when peoples conditions start to improve, or when there are unequal conditions among people in a society - people have higher expectations |
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Charles Tilly's four components of collective action: |
- organization of the groups - mobilization of the groups - sharing of common interests - opportunity: chance events could create an opportunity |
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What are New Social Movements? |
- Social movements in Western societies since the 1960s, in response to changing social dynamics - civil rights, women's rights, environmentalists, anti-war, anti-globalization |
