Final Sociology

Front 1

sociology perspective

Back 1

understanding human behavior by placing it within its broader social context

Front 2

conflict theorists- house work

Back 2

struggle for scarce resources
-most women do most of house work even if they work
-though some men believe they do half
-major theme of conflict theorists struggle of house work

Front 3

culture

Back 3

learned and shared ways of believing and doing including language, beliefs, values, norms, material objects

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playing dumb

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Arlie Hoschild- strategy of men playing dumb on certain tasks

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ethnocentrism

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using one's own ways of doing things as a yardstick to measure other cultures

positive- in-group loyalties

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laid off husbands and housework

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if men get laid off they do less housework

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Auguste Compte

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-founder of sociology
-created term
-created positivism

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cohabitation

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adults living together in a sexual relationship without being married
-in u.s. 10 times
-41% of u.s. parents have

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language

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primary way of which people communicate. It allows culture to develop

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social change

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alteration of culture and societies over time

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Karl Marx

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created class conflict
-conflict between rich and working class

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4 social revolutions

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1. domestication of plants and animals which allowed hunting and gathering societies to develop into horticultural and pastoral societies
2. invention of the plow brought about 2nd social revolution, from which agricultural societies emerged
3.invention of the steam engine brought us into the industrial revolution
4.invention of microchip as we are witnessing the 4th social revolution

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G-7,G-8

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inner groups in top countries that make important decisions
-U.S., Japan, Germany, Italy, France, Great Britian, Canada
-G-8 include Russia
-Now G-20

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Hypothesis

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statement of how variables are expected to be related to one another, often according to predictions from a theory

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cyclical theory

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civilizations are born, exuberant youth, maturity, decline, and death

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random sample

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sample in which everyone in the target population has the same chance of being included in the study

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Toynbee's beliefs

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all civilization reach peak than die
-believe u.s. in decline

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folkways

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norms that are not strictly enforced

ie. picking your nose

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dialectic process

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-Karl Marx viewed each ruling group sows the seeds of its own destruction
-thesis-some current arrangement of power
-antithesis-contradiction
-synthesis-new arrangement of power

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independent variables

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factor that causes change in experiment
ie. therapy

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dependent variables

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factor that is changed by an independent variable
ie. gets changed

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invention

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combining existing elements and materials to form new ones
ie.computers and capitalism

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discovery

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new way of seeing reality
ie. Colombus found new world and discovered worlds not flat

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diffusion

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spread of an invention or discovery from one area to another
ie. aborigines

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freud's id, ego, superego

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id- inborn self-centered desires
ego- balances id+superego
superego-conscience

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telemedicine

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operation through use of machine
ie. if doctor examine heart and lungs via cyber optic cables and over 100 miles away this patient is in use of telemedicine

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information super highway

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processing sociological issue of information super highway whether global communication increase national and global inequalities

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achieved status

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voluntary, you achieve it- student, spouse, lawyer (positive or negative), friend

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ascribed status

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involuntary, you cannot choose it, you inherit it: race, ethnicity, sex, social class of your parents

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social movements

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large numbers of people who organize to promote-or resist social change
ie. civil rights movement

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status

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the position that someones occupy

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role

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behaviors,obligations, privilege's, attached a status

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types of social movement

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1.Alternative
2.redemptive
3.reformative
4.transformative

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alternative social movement

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target individuals and seek to only alter some specific behavior
ie. MADD

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redemptive social movement

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also target individuals but the aim is for total change
ie. religious fanatic

Front 36

reformative social movements

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target society and seek to reform some specific aspect of society

Front 37

transformative social movements

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target society seek to transform the social order itself
ie. revolution

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role strain

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when the same role presents inherit conflict

Front 39

role conflict

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when what is expected of us in one role is incompatible with what is expected in another role

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mass media and social movement

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use of public opinion and propaganda
-gate keepers to social movement

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Thomas Theorem

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if people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences

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primary groups

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1st group in life- intimate, face to face interaction- family, good friends

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secondary group

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larger, more anonymous, formal,impersonal, -college class, APA, democratic party, workplace employees. society could not function without them

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group dynamics

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how groups affect us and how we affect groups

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dyad

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smallest possible groups, 2 people, most intense and intimate, most unstable

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triad

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group of 3

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deviance

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-any violation of norms
-is relative
-j walking to murder

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stigma

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characteristics that discredit people including violations in norms of ability as well as violations of norms of appearance. Also involuntary memberships

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recidivism rate

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percentage of people who are rearrested 85-95 %

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wealth

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consists of property and income
-primary social class

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majority of the poor

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white Americans

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prejudice

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attitude that promotes discrimination- a prejudging of some sort

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institutional discrimination

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how discrimination is woven into the fabric of society
ie.home mortgages- race and ethnicity

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women as minority groups

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because of physical factors
-women's biology taking care of babies, men have longer absence

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domestic violence

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power and control

Front 56

date rape

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-most goes unreported
-happens to couples they known for years
-jury's thought that if women knew accused, she was not raped

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graying of America

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increasing population of older people in u.s. population
-13% 65 or older

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dependency ratio

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number of workers who collect social security compared with the number of workers who contribute to it
-number of workers to support one retiree
-16/1

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exogamy

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societal norm that specifies that people must marry outside group
-exit
ie. salu society exogamous

Front 60

endogamy

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societal norm that specifies that people should marry within their own group