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62 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Region with highest urban population
Latin America
Metropolitianization
growth of large cities
U.S. regions with highest urban growth
West and South
Urban Agglomeration
large contiguous de facto urban areas
Mega-City
urban agglomeration of 10+ million
Largest Mega-City
Tokyo
Most segregated U.S. metro area
Milwaukee
Least segregated metro area
Orange County, CA
Urban Sprawl
rapid expansion of metro area
Sustainable City
city that is environmentally friendly
Racial Makeup of U.S. Cities
in recent years, there has been growth of Asians and Hispanics as opposed to African Americans
Percent of U.S. that is urban
81%
Proximate Determinants of Urbanization
migration, natural increase, annexation, sex-ratio, etc.
Dependency Theory
underdeveloped countries are not merely primitive versions of developed countries, but have unique features and structures of their own
Modernization Theory
all countries develop in the same way
Cohort
group of individuals who have something in common
Age Stratification Theory
society distributes resources unequally by age
Five Biological Definitions of Sex
Chromosomes, Gonads, Hormones, Internal sex organs, external sex organs
Three Social Definitions of Sex
Rearing, identity, gender role
Lexis Diagram
compares age (A), time period (P), and birth cohort (C) in one graph
Median Age of USA
37
Median Age of PA
40
Median Age of Centre County
29
Median Age of State College
22
Dependency Ratio
ratio of dependent population (people under 15 and over 65) to everyone else
Dependency Ratio of USA in 1995
53
Sex Ratio
number of males per 100 females
Sex Ratio By Age
declines dramatically as age goes up
Dependency Ratio Worldwide
Gaza Strip is 119 and China is 48
Racial Composition of USA
97% is one race, 3% is two races, 0% is three or more races
Distribution of 2 or more races
40% are in the west region, 20% are in California and 8% are in Texas
City with highest number of people with 2 or more races
NYC (400,000)
City with highest percentage of people with 2 or more races
Honolulu (16%)
Oldest Old
people 85 years or older
Country with highest percentage of elderly population
Italy, Japan, and Greece (19%)
Elderly population trend in USA
1950: 20 million
2000: 35 million
2010: 40 million
2040: 80 million
2050: 87 million
Oldest Old population trend in USA
1950: 1 million
2000: 4 million
2010: 6 million
2050: 19 million
Senescence
biological aging and decline in health due to disease and disability
Centenarian
Person lives 100 years or more
Planned Obsolescence
People eventually die because they live past their functionality (reproduction)
Feminization of Old Age
women live significantly longer than men, which leads to widowhood and poverty
US Centenarian Population
2000: 50,000
2010: 100,000
2050: 800,000
Trends in US Households
1970: 63 million
2000: 106 million
Cohabitation
two unmarried people live together in an unofficial relationship
Homogamy
marriage within a social group
Exogamy
marriage outside of a social group
Modernization Theory
industrialization and new technology encourages diversity
Relative Income Hypothesis
Decline in men's wages have led to less marriages and more divorces
Sexual Division of Labor (Gary Becker)
Marriage is about husband making money and wife working at home. Women's economic independence has led to less marriages.
Theory of Marriage Timing (Valerie Oppenheimer)
Women's economic independence has led to delayed marriage, not the decline of marriage.
Sex-Ratio Imbalance Theory
marriage has led to sex-ratio imbalances
IRCA
1986 immigration law that gave amnesty
Change-in-law Theory
recent laws that have made divorce easier has led to increase in divorce
Non-marital fertility
has increased since 1960, especially among African Americans
Development
rise in the standard of living
GNI
Gross National Income: measure of standard of living and development
Country with highest GNI
USA ($15 T)
PPP
Purchasing Power Parity
Country with highest PPP per capita
Luxembourg (2007) and Qatar (2013)
Country with lowest PPP per capita
Congo and Liberia
UN Millennium Goals
1. eradicate extreme poverty
2. universal primary education
3. gender equality
4. reduce childhood mortality
5. improve health
6. Combat diseases
7. Sustain environment
8. develop global partnership of development
HDI
Human Development Index: measure of standard of living