Sociology Chapter 12

Front 1

Asian Americans

Back 1

15,000,000 people reported having full or partial Asian heritage

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Asian Americans

Back 2

-5% of the U.S. population
-2007-2008 fastest growing group

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Asian Americans

Back 3

Largest ethnic subgroups
-Chinese
-Filipinos
-Indians
-Vietnamese
-Koreans
-Japanese

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Asian Americans

Back 4

Largest Asian American population
1-California
2-New York
3-Texas

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Asian American population

Back 5

Heavily urbanized with nearly ¾ of Asian Americans living in metropolitan areas

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The Model Minority

Back 6

First used in 1966 by William Peterson
-highest median family income and lowest poverty rate of all minority groups
-greater proportion become U.S. citizens than other immigrant groups
-well assimilated, half of us born by 2000 had a non Asian spouse

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Asian Americans Income

Back 7

In 2006 top 10 percent of households with six figure incomes and individuals with incomes

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Internet use

Back 8

73% Of Asians Live in households with Internet use (highest rate Among race and ethnic groups)

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Employment

Back 9

In 2000s number of Asian owned businesses is about twice that of the national average

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Education

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Asian Americans and Pacific islanders age 25 and older have:
Highest number of college degrees at 50% (compared with the average 28%)
-the highest number at 20% with graduate or professional degrees (compared with the averaged 10% for all Americans)

Front 11

Stereotyping Asian Americans

Back 11

Ignores individual differences among them

Front 12

The Model Minority Stereotype Critique

Back 12

Creates a harmful and unrealistic example for the Dominant Group to blame others for their difficulties in achieving success

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The Model Minority Stereotype Critique

Back 13

Ignores the diversity of the Asian American population

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The Model Minority Stereotype Critique

Back 14

A bipolar occupational distribution

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The Model Minority Stereotype Critique

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Only certain groups are educationally successful
-largest degree holders were Asian Indians in Chinese.
-next Vietnamese at 25%
-Indochina at 17%
-native Hawaiian/Pacific islanders at 13%.

Front 16

Differences in income between different groups exist

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As of 2008
-Asian Indians median income is $90,530.
-Vietnamese Americans median income is $55,680

Front 17

Asian Indians immigration

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Arrive before 1917 and by 1960s immigration was not active.

Front 18

Asian Indians

Back 18

-Subjected to anti-Asian restrictions
-national quotas were applied to them.

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1790 Naturalization Act

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In 1923 the U.S. supreme court reversed decisions and ruled Asian Indians were non whites, thus ineligible for citizenship under the terms of this act.

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Early 20th century

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Poorly educated agricultural laborers settle in rural regions of Washington (lumbering) and California (agriculture).

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Sikh Males

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Poorly educated agricultural laborers that settled in Washington in California.

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1970s to 1980s

Back 22

Educated and professionally trained people with substantial capital both monetary and cultural.

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Since the 1990s

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Relatives of earlier immigrants enter family owned businesses as groceries, motels, newspaper stores, taxi driving.

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Social Assimilation

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-high educational standards
-high professional and managerial skills
-occupational patterns

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Social Assimilation

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-fragmentariness of the Indian Community:
Many races
Over 400 languages
Five main casts in India, that prevent eight and Indian identification to develop

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Social Assimilation

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36% speak English at home
20% speek Hindi
Smaller numbers speak Tamil, Urdu, & Bengali

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Cultural Segregation

Back 27

-prejudices and avoidance (in the past).
-remain traditional societal patterns (dating is not traditional Indian custom).

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Religious Diversity

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Communities: Hindu 42%, Sikhs 12%, Jains, Buddhist, Muslims, Christians 37%, Parsees and Jews from India have established their religions and the U.S.

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Hinduism

Back 29

World's third largest religion. System of philosophical, religious and cultural guidelines.

Front 30

" Hindu"

Back 30

Attributed to all persons professing any Indian religion.

Front 31

Sikhs

Back 31

Distinctive and do related sect. and all men must wear:
-turban
-carry a small ceremonial dagger
-not trim hair
-wear a beard

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Jains

Back 32

sub-sect of Hindus have their own Temples.
-extreme vegetarians
-will not kill even pets

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The Caste system

Back 33

System of social stratification in social restrictions.
-very important to Hinduism
-never applied to Indian Muslims

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Filipino Americas

Back 34

In 1898 Philippines became a U.S. possession, inhabitants were considered U.S. nationals

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Filipinos

Back 35

Became alternative labor source after loss of Mexican labor because of quota restrictions.

Front 36

Filipinos by 1932

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Of all who lived in the U.S. 2/3 live in California
-Of every 100 Filipinos coming to California between 1920 and 1929, 93 were male.
-80% or single in between age 16 and 30

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Filipinos

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Did not establish the support institutions
and
Faced no quota restrictions on their entry until 1935.

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Filipinos in 1942

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Legislation enabled Filipino resident to become naturalized U.S. citizens.

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Filipinos in 1948

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Philippines gained their independence and with it lost their unrestricted immigration rights.

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Filipino Immigration since 1965

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Filipino immigration has been quite high since the Immigration Act of 1965.

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Filipino Occupations

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Largest concentration outside the Philippines is Hawaii
-comprise 60% of all maids and porters.

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Filipino Occupations

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New arrivals have better occupational and educational skills.
-professional and technical workers in medicine, law, ignoring and education.

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Korean Americans Immigration

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Initial Korean immigrants came to Hawaii as agricultural workers.

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Korean Americans Immigration

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1951 - 1964: mostly orphans and wives of American servicemen.

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Korean Americans Immigration

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Not until the end of the Korean war in the passage of the refugee relief act in 1953 did Koreans emigrate in substantial numbers.
-well educated and professionally skilled people arrived

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Korean Americans

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Only one in four are U.S. Born

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Korean American Assimilation

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Cultural factors:
70% are Christian
Education traditions

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Korean American Assimilation

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International policy factors:
-USA formalized a relationship of friendship in trade in 1882.
-Japan exercised colonial control.
-the Cold War opposition: South and North Korea

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Korean American Assimilation
Rotating Credit Associations

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Community Support:
-rotating credit associations: each member contributes to a fixed amount of money monthly to a fund and has rotating access to pot

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Korean American Assimilation

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Highest self-employment rates of all racial/ethnic groups.
- 1 in 8 Korean American is a business owner.
- 1 in 67 for African Americans.
- 1 in 15 for non Hispanic whites.

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Korean Americans

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Korea is the most christianized country in Asia. By middle 1 the9th centerury many catholic missionaries had come to Korea.

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Vietnamese Americans

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As Vietnam War ended, Vietnamese refugees entered the U.S.
-immigration from Vietnam remains

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Vietnamese Americans

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Adjustment problem was result of Federal government's policy of scattering the refugees throughout the U.S.

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Vietnamese American labor force

Back 54

Have lower dissipation and median family incomes, higher poverty and unemployment rates, and disproportionate representation in low-skill, low paying, low educational level than most east Asian groups.

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Laotian Americans
The Hmong

Back 55

This minority group was opposed to the dominant group in Laos.
-when war was over many fled to the U.S.

Front 56

The Hmong in Minnesota

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Attempting to preserve their unique dress in customs.
-this particular Hmong Group were called " Black Thai" because women wore black dresses.

Front 57

Confrontation in Wisconsin

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Hmong tribe were superior jungle warriors.
-some avid deer hunters
-were used to laws in Laos (no property lines or hunting laws)
-several deadly confrontations between armed Hmong hunters and armed white hunters.

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'Honorary Whites'

Back 58

Because Japan ranks among the leading nations, it's immigrants enjoy a status of honorary whites, something Sheila Henry suggests the Chinese immigrants may soon enjoy.