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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What did Emile Durkheim study ?
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Wanted to get sociology recognized as a separate academic discipline
Compared suicide rates in several European countries Found that suicide is not simply a matter of individuals taking their lives for personal reasons Believed in a social factor that underlies suicide |
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What is social integration?
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The degree to which people are tied to their social group, as a key social factor in suicide.
Human behavior cannot be understood simply in individualistic terms We must always examine social forces that affect people's lives |
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What are the theoretical perspectives in sociology? 3 major theories
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1. Symbolic interactionism
2. Functional analysis 3. Conflict theory |
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What is symbolic interactionism?
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Avaiyze how our behavior depends on the ways we define ourselves and others
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What is functional analysis?
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Society is a whole unit, it is made up of interrelated parts that work together
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What is conflict theory?
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Society is composed of groups that are competing with one another for scarce resources and struggle for power.
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What are the research methods used I. Sociology?
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1. Surveys
2. Participant observation ( fieldwork) 3. Secondary analysis 4. Documents 5. Experiments 6. Unobtrusive measures |
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Not all parts of a culture change at the same pace. When some part of a culture changes, other parts "lag" behind
A group's material culture usually changes first, with the non-material culture lagging behind Sometimes non-material culture never catches up |
What is culture lag and change?
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When we get sick, we could type our symptoms into a computer and get a printout of our diagnosis and a recommended course of treatment
In fact, even though sometimes computers outperform physicians, our customs have not caught up with our technology and we continue to visit the doctor's office Ex: our 9 month school year, why we take summers off, this is because when universal schooling came about, the school year matched teh technology of the time, now we do not need to have such short school years, but we still live with this cultural lag |
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When groups have contact with other groups, and learn from one another, adapting some part of the others' way of life
During this process, groups are most open to a change in their technology or material culture |
Technology and cultural diffusion
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Finding metal coking pots, steel axes, and even bits of clothing spun in mills in south Carolina in remote jungles in South America
Ex: bagels, hammocks, sushi bars in the U.S |
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Achievement and Success
Individualism Activity and work Efficiency and practicality Science and Technology Equality Freedom Democracy Humanitarianism Progress Material comfort Romantic love Racism and group superiority Education Religiosity |
American Core values
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When a group has values and norms that place it at odds with the dominant culture. When their values and norms do not blend in with mainstream society, they are considered a:
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Counterculture
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Ex: The Hell's Angels
they stress freedom and speed (cultural values of success) but they also value dirtiness and contempt toward women and work. This makes them a: |
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Indicates that language even shapes our thoughts and perceptions
ex: terms that doctors used only known to doctors when the labeled patients ex: Hebrew does not have separate words for jam and jelly, both go by the same term ex: learning to classify students as Goths, Stoners, Skaters, Jocks, Preps Learning a language means not only learning words but acquiring perceptions, shapes, cultural experiences |
Sapir Worf Hypothesis
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Idea that language has embedded within it ways of looking at the world
because it expresses our thoughts but also shapes the way we think -our language determines our consciousness and how we perceive objects and events |
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Society made up of many different groups. The US has numerous religious and ethnic groups, as well as groups that focus on divergent activities
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Pluralistic Society
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The U.S is considered what type of society?
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Equality and Racism are an example of:
These are seen as a major force for social change in a society |
Value contradictions
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Areas of tension which are likely points of social change
Ex: value of superiority contradicts freedom, democracy, and equality (Americans said that the last three values only applied to some groups) Ex: there cannot be full expression of freedom, democracy, and equality along with racism and sexism |
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When cultures become similar to one another, for example, Japan has adopted not only capitalism but also Western forms of dress and music
changes which have transformed Japan into a blend of Western and Eastern cultures show a result called: |
Cultural Leveling
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Ex: McDonald's in Tokyo, Paris, pinatas in Mexico are no longer donkeys but Mickey Mouse and Fred Flinstone
Ex: visiting a jungle in India where there was no electricity or running water, but there was a footpath and a young man with a sporting cap that had a Nike emblem |
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Values, norms, and goals that a group considers ideal, worth aspiring to
vs. Norms and values that people actually follow What people actually do, which usually falls short of the cultural ideal |
Ideal vs. Real Culture
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Success
vs. Compared with their abiilites, people don't work as hard as they could, or don't go as far as they can in school |
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1. Leisure
2. Self-fulfillment 3. Physical Fitness 4. Youthfulness 5. Concern for the environment These are examples of what types of values? |
American Emerging Core Values
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These are all reasons why language is significant
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a. It takes us beyond the world of apes and allows culture to develop.
b. Language frees us from the present, gives us a social past and future c. Gives us capacity to share understanding about the past and to develop shared perceptions about the future d. Allows us to establish underlying purposes for our activities |
LANGUAGE IS THE BASIS OF CULTURE
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This allows human experience to be cumulative.
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Language
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We pass on ideas, knowledge and attitudes to the next generation though what?
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Language
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Allows culture to develop by freeing people to move beyond immediate experience
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Language
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Provides a social or shared past, without it our memories would be extremely limited.
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Language
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We use this to develop a shared past
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Language
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Allows for shared perspectives, provides a social past and future, allows us to share experiences, goal-directed behavior, allows for common understanding and enables people to establish a purpose for getting together
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Language
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When we analyze how our behaviors depend on the ways we define ourselves and others we use what perspective?
Ex: applying to divorce rate: industrialization and urbanization changed marital roles and led to redefinition of love, marriage, children, and divorce |
Symbolic Interaction-ism
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How people use symbols to develop and share their views of the world
focus on the micro level, on small, scale, face to face interaction |
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When we think of society as a whole unit, made up of interrelated parts that work together we are thinking of what perspective?
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Functional analysis
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Focus on the macro level, the large scale patterns of society.
functional= equilibrium |
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The belief that society is composed of groups that are competing with one another for scarce resources and that we are at a constant struggle for power is what perspective?
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Conflict Theory
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Focus on large scale patterns of society
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