Social Studies Review Terms

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Gentry

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top of the social class, wealthy planters, merchants, ministers, successful lawyers, and royal officals. Had money.

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Middle Class

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below the gentry, farmers, skilled craftsworkers, and some tradespeople. Most of white colonists belonged to this.

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Indentured Servant

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signed contracts wo work without wages for a period of four to seven years for anyone who would pay their ocean passage to the Americas.

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Gullah

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a language that African Americans spoke a combination of english and west African languages known as this.

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Great Awakening

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a religious movement, 1730’s 1740’s its drama and emoution touched women and men of all backgrounds and classes.

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Public School

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schools supported by taxes

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Tutor

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private teachers

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Apprentice

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worked for a master to learn a trade or a craft 12-13.

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Dame School

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private schools run by women in their own homes.

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Enlightenment

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reason and scientific methods applied to the study of society, these were the people that stated the enlightenment movement.

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Libel

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the act of publishing a statement that may unjustly damage a persons reputation.

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Jonathan Edwards

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a preacher, helped set off the great awakening, asked people to examine their lives, sweetness and beauty of god he warned listeners to heed the bibles teachings otherwilse they would be sinners.

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George Whitefield

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most popular preacher of the great awakening.

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John Locke

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an english philosopher wrote works that were widely read in the colonies during the enlightenment.

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Benjamin Franklin

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a president of the united states, made many cultural differences he invented many of the common inventions that we use today. Born in 1706 only two years of schooling. Moved to philadelphia invented things. Name on three most important doculments.

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Poor Richards Almanack

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Benjamin Franklin wrote it and contained useful information and clever quotes.

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John Peter Zenger

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published the weekly journal in new york city, in 1734 was arrested to posting things that critized the governor. Recognized freedom of the press as a basic american right.

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Mercantilism

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the belief that colonies following this should benefit the homes country, its keeping strict control over its trade. It should export more than it should import.

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Export

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goods sent to markets outside a country.

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Import

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goods brought into a country.

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Navigation Acts

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laws that regulated trade between England and its colonies. Purpose of these laws was to ensure that only England benefited from colonial trade.

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Yankee

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merchants from New England that dominated colonial trade. This nickname implied that they were clever and hardworking.

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Triangular Trade

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a trade route that colonial merchants developed, it was shaped like a triangle between England, the Americas, and Africa.

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Legislature

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a group of people who have the power to make laws. Had an upper house and a lower house.

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Glorious Revolution

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colonists won still more rights as a result of the glorious revolution of 1688. See page 123

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Bill of Rights

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a written list of freedoms the government promises to protect.

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English Bill of Rights

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protected the rights of individuals and gave anyone accused of a crime the right to a trial by jury. Said that a ruler could not raise taxes or an army without the approval of Parliament.

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Charles I

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A king of England in 1625, he disapproved of the Puritans and their ideas. He canceled Puritan business charters and even had a few Puritans jailed.

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Massachusetts Bay Colony

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A colony started in the 1630’s led by a group known as the Puritans. John Winthrop and people more then 1,00 arrived here the following year. He was the first chosen governor of this colony. He led the colony well.

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John Winthrop

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First governer of Massachusetts Bay Colony, good leader. 1630’s

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Great Migration

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Under the leadership of Wintrhop and other Puritans, the Massachusetts Bay Colony prospered. Between 1629 and 1640, some 15,000 men, women, and children journeyed from England to Massachusetts this is the Great Migration.

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Boston

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Many newcomers from the Great Migration settled in Boston and became the colony’s largest town

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Thomas Hooker

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founded Connecticut colony, led people out of masachusetts bay in 1636. Built Hartford.

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Hartford

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A colony in Connecticut Colony, first city, Thomas Hooker founded. In 1636.

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Roger Williams

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Challenged leaders of Massachusetts Bay, he was a young minister in the village of Salem, gentle and good natured. Believed that the church in Massachusetts had too much power. The business of church and state should be completely separate since conern with political affairs would corrupt the church.

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Anne Hutchinson

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A woman who spoke out and questioned the minister’s teachings and became an important symbol for religious freedom

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Metacom

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was determined to drive English settlers of his land but after a year of fighting he was captured and killed

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King Phillip

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Metacom’s English name, chief of the Wampanoag Indians

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The common

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At the center of each village, an open field where cattle grazed

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Meetinghouse

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Near the common, Puritans would worship here and also hold meetings

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Puritans

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This group of people they believed that they didn’t want to separate entirely from the Church of England led puritans-The Migration to Massachusetts Bay during the 1630’s. Instead they hoped to reform the church by introducing simpler forms of worship.

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General Court

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male church members elected representatives to an assembly called this

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Fundamental Orders Of Connecticut

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settlers of Connecticut colony wrote this in 1639 as a form of government for their colony.

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Religious Tolerance

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a willingness to let others practice their own beliefs.

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Sabbath

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Puritans day of rest holy

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Town Meeting

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settlers discussed and voted on many issues.