Social Psychology Group Influence Chapter 7

Front 1

Define a Group

Back 1

Two or more people who interact and influence one another.

Front 2

Mere presence:

Back 2

when people are not competing, do not reward or punish and in fact do nothing except be present as a passive audience or as co actors

Front 3

co actors

Back 3

a group of people working simultaneously and individually on noncompetitive task.

Front 4

Social Facilitation

Back 4

Two meanings: 1: First is that of better performance in simple tasks in the presence of others.
2. The strengthening of already dominant abilities in an individual in the presence of others. (finding by Zajonc)

Front 5

What does the term "a good house is a full house" imply?

Back 5

The notion that the more people are there are, reactions are increased even more. For example if sitting in a crowd, the laughter of some will more likely induce your own laughter.

Front 6

When would crowding hinder performance?

Back 6

When the task given is not dominant (easy), or when there is hyper arousal and self consciousness.

Front 7

Evaluation Apprehension

Back 7

The knowledge that one is being evaluated/observed by others in a crowd during task performance causes increased performance.

Front 8

Driven by Distraction

Back 8

the theory states that when the individual is in the presence of others, attention is payed both to self-consciousness and evaluation of others. this split in awareness causes arousal.

Front 9

Name the three reasons why social facilitation occurs?

Back 9

Evaluation apprehension, Driven by Distractions, and Mere Presence of others.

Front 10

Describe Alan Inghams experiment
(Has to do with ropes)

Back 10

An experiment testing for social loafing, where the an individual told to pull a rope blindfolded put 18% more effort than when told that 2to 5 other people were pulling as well (still blindfolded)

Front 11

Social Loafing

Back 11

the tendency for people to exert less effort when they pool their efforts towards a common goal than when they are individually accountable.

Front 12

Free Riding

Back 12

Individuals who benefit from the the group but give little in return.

Front 13

One cause for social loafing?

Back 13

the diffusion of responsibility or evaluation apprehension hence the need for perform as well.

Front 14

When does social loafing not occur in a group setting?

Back 14

When the task is challenging, appealing or involving.

Also when group is friends or someone other than strangers (generally)

Front 15

De individuation

Back 15

loss of self awareness and evaluation apprehension, occurs in group situations that foster anonymity and draw attention away from the individual

Front 16

How does physical anonymity effect individuals?

Back 16

It creates De-individuation, less self consciousness, less evaluation apprehensions but also it creates the individual more responsive to the cues present in the situation at hand.

Front 17

What is the opposite of self awareness?

Back 17

De-individuation

Front 18

Diminished self awareness leads to a disconnection of behavior to attitude

Back 18

Thus the reason for impulsive actions found within groups.

Front 19

Risky shift phenomenon

Back 19

When decisions are made within a group, opinions and decisions tend to be more risky.

Front 20

Group Polarization:

Back 20

group-produced enhancement of members' pre-existing tendencies, a strengthening of members' average tendency, not a split within the group.

Front 21

Too much invested to quit phenomenon

Back 21

where the investment of an opinion thought or action makes the person feel more inclined to invest further. for example businesses that have invested already, feel that more investment may in fact save their businesses.

Front 22

Accentuation phenomenon

Back 22

When the initial differences between groups is accentuated over time due to group reinforcement.

Front 23

Name two reasons for group polarization

Back 23

Informational influence
Normative influence

Front 24

What is informational influence

Back 24

Information influence are those arguments/opinions or discussions which polarize the individual onto one groups side.

Front 25

What is Normative influence?

Back 25

The tendency to polarize towards a certain group or side, mostly on the basis to fit into the group, to be seen favorably by the group etc.

Front 26

What is Leon festinger's theory of social comparison

Back 26

we find identity in ourselves by comparing our abilities and opinions with others.

Front 27

Persuasive Arguments are more effective in creating group polarization when what type of argument if presented?

Back 27

when the argument involves fact laden

Front 28

How can group polarization occur when there is value laden argument/opinion?

Back 28

When there is group comparisons, or social comparisons that occur.

Front 29

Leadership

Back 29

the process by which certain group members motivate and guide the group

Front 30

task leadership

Back 30

where the organization of work, setting standards, and focusing on goal attainment is necessary

Front 31

Social Leadership

Back 31

work are building teamwork, mediating conflicts, and being supportive.

Front 32

Transactional leadership

Back 32

are effective in both task leadership and social leadership.

Front 33

transformational leaders

Back 33

where the individual exhibits behaviours that help make a minority view persuasive.

Front 34

name the characteristics of a transformational leader

Back 34

Charismatic, Energetic, and self-confident extraverts.

Front 35

minority slowness effect

Back 35

where the minority has a tendency to express minority views less quickly than than the majority.