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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the Conservative Thesis? |
-inequality is natural and should remain |
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What is the Radical Antithesis? |
-equality is natural -inequality is an abuse of privilege and should be reduced |
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Who were Conservative Thinkers/Beliefs? |
-Hummurabi, King of Babylon -Indian caste system -Confucius |
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Hummurabi |
-saw man with nobility as different from common man -noble man could pay off crimes, common man killed |
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Caste System in India |
-cast system in Indiadivides people by very pure (top) and not pure (bottom)
-pure people emergedfrom lord Vishnu’s head, not pure people emerged from his feet -Brahmin caste vs. lowly outcast |
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What did Confucious Believe in? |
-believed in order -there is a hierarchyto one’s existence -duty to oldest malein the family |
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Siddartha Gutama |
-Buddha - fasted andmeditated until he reached enlightenment and became Buddha -living right meanscaring for others and doing charity work -liberation from suffering means giving up desire |
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Plato |
-reduce inequality by communalraising of children (unfair advantages of children increases inequality) |
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Aristotle |
-inequality is natural and rooted in nature -some groups are naturally inferior to others |
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Karl Marx and Class Conflict |
-history is driven my material circumstances and economic relations -Ideologies are created by the ruling class -people can reject these ideas when they are aware of their oppression |
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Karl Marx, what is a Dialectic |
ideas come from debating. Youstart with an idea, someone comes around and says you are wrong; this is thedialectic. Out of the debate comes a synthesis, the blending of ideas
-the real dialectic is the struggle between economic classes |
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More on Marx: What is the basis of any society? What was the greatest evil? |
-its mode of production -2 components: physical;technology, human; social relations of production -private property, wives and children as man's property |
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More on Marx:
What did the first class division begin with? |
-property, patriarchy, gender conflict |
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What are the 5 aspects of industrial capitalism that allow people to accumulate enormous wealth? |
1) Wealth accumulation-capitalism is needed until there is enough wealth to redistribute 2) Narrowing of the class structure-2 classes: bourgeoisie and proleteriat 3) homogenization of labour-labourers are de-skilled 4) Constant crisis of profit-owners want to maximize profit by increasing production, cutting costs, paying workers as little as possible 5) Alienation-workers are alienated from the products they make, nature, and their own human nature |
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More on Marx:
What is class consciousness? |
-realization of oppression -the system collapses, then socialism - |
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Max Weber: What defines social class? What are the 3 realms that power is exercised in? |
-your life chances in the marketplace -authority and expertise matter also -economic, social, and political realm |
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Max Weber:
What is social closure? |
-monopolization** groups in power try to close off access to other groups |
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Weber on the Different Realms of Power (3) |
1. Social class; power in the economic realm, possession of goods and opportunities -commodity markets (investments), and labour markets (skills, expertise) 2. Prestige; power in social realm, respectability, sowing off, 3. Party; gaining power through legal authority ex. labour/student union, social action group |
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Durkheim on: Social solidarity (2 kinds) |
-mechanical ( social cohesion, shared experience, working together) and organic solidarity (everyone has a specialized task --> social dependency |
