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34 Cards in this Set
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Aureus (gold coin) of Septimius Severus Minted in Rome AD 201 Shows you his family which is different from the adoptive emperors. He is establishing a new dynasty, or more so, wants to establish it. Made of gold which was rarely seen in the Roman Empire. |
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Tondo Portrait of the Imperial Family Now Berlin CIRCA 200 AD Shows a painted portrait of the imperial family; may have been used in temples for the emperors (not meant for public view, illustrating differences in portrayal due to differences in context) |
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Forma Urbis Romae, aka Severan Marble Plan Rome AD 203-211 Purpose: city planning, showing off, property taxes; proof of buildings that used to exist within the city though they might not have existed all at the same time |
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Arch of Septimius Severus Rome AD 203 Panels that show us the parthian wars; 2 panels show us the arrival of the imperial family; Concordia is present→ represents a spiritual virtue |
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Arch of Septimius Severus Lepcis Magna AD 203 Celebrationof Severus's return to Lepcis Magna; People who carved it were from Asia Minor/Turkey, illustrates fluidity of Roman identity because Severus wasn't from Rome but was seen as Roman |
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Forum of Septimius Severus Lepcis Magna AD 216 Adaptation of axial teleological symmetry to the site; Tibernae that make the forum regular-looking |
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Portrait of Caracalla Metropolitan Museum, New York AD 206-211 Cut hair, shaved beard; Roman military haircut/beard - cultural shift in terms of depiction; First of the “soldier emperors”- Emperor as someone who was powerful |
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Baths of Caracalla Rome Begun AD 216, completed ca. AD 235 6-8,000 bathers could go through it in a single day; Basically a big bath house in a park; Decorated with impressive sculpture |
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Togate bust of Philip the Arab Rome AD 244-249 New style of toga; shows us 3rd century exaggerated and rigid fold (like that seen in Togate bust of Alexander Severus); Face depicts a concerned state, as seen with eyes and eyebrows; sometimes interpreted as looking anxious |
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Triumph of Shapur I over Valerian Iran After AD 260 This is a Persian view of their victory; Differences between the Persians and Romans:Persians believe the one kneeling is Phillips; Romans believe it is Valerian |
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Aurelian Walls Rome AD 271-275 Used to shield/ protect Rome from barbarians orother generals with other troops; Roman wall with medieval wall and renaissance wall built over it. |
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Tetrarchs Venice CIRCA AD 305 Depicts the junior and senior emperors, asDiocletian changed the political system to 2-4 emperors; Made of porphyry; Made to look very similar, with senior emperors having facial hair indicating their maturity to the junior ones |
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Baths of Diocletian Rome AD 305-306 Fairly well preserved; Inscription tells us that the emperors built it to honor Diocletian; Got turned into a church and a monastery; Arranged in a system that we have seen before; Holds 3,000 bathers at a time |
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Diocletian’s Palace Split (Croatia) AD 298-306 Served as a retirement place for Diocletian; It was forum-styled (fortified with gates, including one from the sea); Contains long portico |
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Aula Palatina Trier (Germany) Early fourth century AD Began by Constantius finished by Constantine; Imperial audience hall; Hypocaust → raise floor so there’s air space; Heating system made possible with usage of bricks and pillars. |
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Imperial insignia of Maxentius Rome AD 312 Lanceheads and scepters: ceremonial equipment of the empire- Found at the base of the Palatine hill, carefully wrapped in silk and linen and placed in a wooden box; Alongside it were other boxes holding two other imperial battle standards and ceremonial lance heads. |
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Basilica Nova Rome AD 306-312 Was built by Constantine; Instead of side walls, there are side vaults; The left side has the concrete shell of the building |
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Arch of Constantine Rome AD 315 Depicts images of Hadrian, Augustus, Trajan and Marcus Aurelius, those of which are known to be significant emperors- The purpose of the arch is unknown; there is speculation on whether it was built in order to please Constantine at a period in which he was heavily upset; Classic triumphal arch with reused sculptures; Decorative scheme, very different from other arches |
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Artificial harbor Portus 106-113 AD Built by Trajan, up until 2001, this port belonged to a wealthy Roman family; Warehouses are adjacent to it; Hexagonal; Designated to bring ships in and offload their cargo |
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Piazzale of the Corporations Ostia 190 AD Series of stalls of little offices; Some mosaics have inscriptions that seem to be indicating what people traded in; Gives us a sense of what the Romans might have been trading: ivory and fish, and beast hunting |
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Horrea Epagathiana Ostia AD 145-150 Exposed brick - second century Entrance is carefully looked after |
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Baths of Neptune Ostia AD 139 ca. 67 x 67 meters - Smaller city baths like the ones we saw in Pompeii; Black and white floor mosaics; Neptune→ themes of water- Meant to be attractive |
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Insula of Diana Ostia 2nd c. AD 1st Floor: stores, maintenance, tabernacle with interior staircases; 2nd Floor: apartments with light well in the center, latrine- As you go up the apartments were less and less expensive |
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House of Cupid and Psyche Ostia 2-4th centuries AD It gives us a sense of a Roman single-family dwelling; Named after statue found there: psyche kissing cupid; Contains central room but no atrium; Built in opus vitratum - Garden with nyphaeum; Opus sectile→ cut and put together colored marble |
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Mithraeum of the Seven Gates Ostia AD 160-170 A synagogue for one of the few “mystery cults”, those being the followers of Mithras; it has a connection to Zoroastrianism; Contains two dining houses; Niche where statute could have been placed; All done in black and white mosaic |
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Synagogue Ostia Mid-1st century AD Jewish place of worship; early evidence of Jewish religion in Rome; Place of synagogal Judaism - Decoration that show menorahs |
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The Necropolis of Isola Sacra Isola Sacra Late 1st to 3rd centuries AD Excavators treated each burial in the same way; Later tombs were built closest to the road; Was later found that earlier tombs were torn down or built on top of so that later tombs could be closest to the road |
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Tomb 100 – Tomb of Scribonia Attice Isola Sacra AD 140 Inscription gives us a sense of what is going on; relationships we see on the tombs are not simple; Terracotta relief: debate that the person working there was the one speaking on the inscription; Show us scenes of daily life |
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Tomb 29 –Tomb of Verria Zosime Isola Sacra Mid 2nd cent. AD Went from being a chamber tomb to being a chamber and enclosure tomb; Work relief on the exterior of first tomb; Cinerary niches and arcosolia (arched openings for digging and stacking bodies) below Romans change their burial traditions to cremating to burying |
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Sarcophagus of Claudia Arria New York 200-225 AD Shows the myth of Endymian and Secene, one of the few that sees its associated inscription - Daughter to mother |
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Sarcophagus of Maconiana Severiana Malibu 210-220 AD Shows us that a lot of these sarcophagi seem to have been personalized; Inscription carved by little girl by parents; Shows the myth of Dionysos and Ariadne |
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Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus Rome 250 AD In the middle→ a victorious generalShows barbarians dying and losing; Play on light and dark |
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The Catacombs Rome 1st to 5th centuries AD Complex underground cemeteries; Some preexisted big switch (from cremation to burial); Not Christian although they become and place used by early Christians; old testament imagery; Rise of “inhumation” |
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Catacombs of Domitilla Rome 2nd-4th c. AD Built on three levels - 80 painted tombs - Long galleries |
