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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Humerus Bony Landmarks (Surgical Neck) |
fracture is most likely to happen here - typically needs surgery to fix
fracture can happen by FOOSH (in little old ladies who are osteoporedic)
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Humerus Bony Landmarks (Bicipital Groove) |
Also called intertubercular sulcus
Biceps tendon passes through here |
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Humerus Bony Landmarks (Deltoid Tuberosity) |
located midway on shaft of humerus
deltoid muscle inserts here |
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Scapula Bony Landmarks (Coracoid Process) |
muscles & ligaments attach here
3 muscles that attach here include: - short head of biceps - pectoralis minor - coracobrachialis |
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Subscapular fossa |
face of scapula
subscapularis muscle inserts here |
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Suprascapular notch |
suprascapular nerve passes through here - this nerve innervates all scapula muscles
a little ligament & blood vessels pass through here |
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Spine of Scapula |
gives scapula strength |
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Supraglenoid Tubercle |
long head of biceps originates here |
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Infraglenoid Tubercle |
long head of triceps originates here |
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Types of Acromion Process |
Type 1: flat undersurface (normal)
Type 2: gently curved undersurface
Type 3: sharply hooked |
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Problems of the Shape of Acromion Process |
it can pinch suprascapular nerve
OR
Type 3 acromion process can tear the supraspinatus muscle |
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Os Acromiale |
acromion is not fused
nonbony articulation which is not sturdy & causes problem |
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Clavicle Injury |
weakest part of clavicle is middle third
the way it changes direction & shape causes weakness
common fracture is a greenstick fracture in adolescents |
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Conoid Tubercle |
located laterally
attachment for coracoclavicular ligament |
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Shoulder Girdle |
considered an "incomplete girdle"
made up of: - clavicle - scapular - sternum
no posterior bony attachment (it is attached by muscles)
anterior bony attachment to sternum |
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Articulations of Shoulder |
- glenohumeral (true shoulder joint)
- acromioclavicular
- sternoclavicular
- scapulothoracic (not a true joint) |
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Glenohumeral |
- true shoulder joint - ball & socket joint - articulation is between head of humerus and glenoid fossa - more mobility and less stability |
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Stability of Glenohumeral Joint |
- dynamic stabilizers: musculature (more stability)
- static stabilizers: ligaments, glenoid labrum, & capsule |
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Glenoid Labrum |
- fibrocartilage ring - lubricates glenohumeral joint - flimsy & movable (if injured it can cause instability & pain)
- increases stability: only 1/3 of the humeral head fits into the glenoid fossa; increases depth of joint; increases articular contact area |
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Glenohumeral Joint Capsule |
- very loose fibrous capsule which surrounds the joint - weakest inferiorly - attachments: medially to glenoid cavity; laterally to anatomical neck; superiorly on coracoid process |
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Glenohumeral ligamentous support |
- primarily intrinsic ligaments - glenohumeral ligaments: superior, middle & inferior (taut in ER)
- coracohumeral ligament |
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Superior Glenohumeral Ligament |
- attachments: superior to the lesser tuberosity & anatomical neck, and glenoid fossa & inferior aspect of coracoid process
- functions: prevents downward displacement of the humeral head, especially when abducted
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Middle Glenohumeral Ligament |
- attachments: anatomical neck, medial to the lesser tuberosity, and from superior glenohumeral ligament along the glenoid fossa
- functions: limits ER during ABD to 90 degrees |
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Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament |
- strongest & thickest ligament
- attachments: glenoid labrum to the anatomical neck & surgical neck
- functions: supports middle and upper ranges of ABD; primary restraint for preventing anterior and posterior subluxations and dislocations at 90 degree ABD |
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Coracohumeral Ligament |
- attachments: coracoid process to humerus
- supports superior joint
- strong ligament (strengthens the capsule)
- holds humeral head in place when arm is at its side (prevents motion from going down; prevents arm from dropping) |
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Coracoacromial Ligament |
- located between the coracoid process & acromion process (forms coracoacromial arch)
- prevents upward displacement of the humerus
- site for impingement |
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Transverse Humeral Ligament |
- attachment is from greater to lesser tubercle
- holds long head of the biceps in the bicipital groove |
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Acromioclavicular Joint |
- lateral clavicle to acromion process (seperated by articular disc)
- responsible for allowing total arm movement through accessory movements
- transmits force between the clavicle and acromion |
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Primary Stabilizers for Acromioclavicular Joint |
- acromioclavicular ligament
- coracoclavicular ligament (conoid and trapezoid) |
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Acromioclavicular Ligament |
- superior & inferior bands
- lateral aspect of the acromion process to the lateral aspect of the clavicle
- functions: strengthen superior aspect of the joint; restricts superior & inferior motion of the clavicle of the scapula |
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Coracoclavicular Ligament |
- anchors the clavicle to the coracoid process
- it has 2 parts: 1) conoid: posteromedial; limits superior & anterior movement of clavicle
2) Trapezoid: anterolateral; limits superior & posterior movement of clavicle |
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Sternoclavicular Joint |
- only real bony attachment to axial skeleton
- medial clavicle, sternal notch of manubrium, and cartilage of first rib
- cartilagenous disc |
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Support of Sternoclavicular Joint
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- articular cartilaginous disc
- sternoclavicular ligament - costoclavicular ligament - interclavicular ligament |
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Sternoclavicular Ligament
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- anterior & posterior portions
- pass obliquely downward & medially - prevents displacement of the clavicle during protraction & retraction * anterior portion prevents posterior displacement * posterior portion prevents anterior displacement |
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Costoclavicular Ligament
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- from the 1st rib to the clavicle
- anterior fibers limit elevation & lateral clavicle movement - posterior fibers limit elevation & medial clavicle movement - Also prevents elevation/depression & protraction/retraction |
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Interclavicular Ligament
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- attaches to proximal end of both clavicles with common sternal attachment
- resists downward movement of clavicle - dissipates force across the entire upper extremity |
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Scapulothoracic Joint
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- not a "true joint"
- movements that occur here are: elevation/depression, protraction/retraction, upward/downward rotation - motion here produces motion at other shoulder joints & vice versa |
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Scapulothoracic Joint Musculature Stabilizers
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Levator scapulae, Rhomboid minor & major are scapula stabilizers
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Bursae of Shoulder
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- 8 to 9 in shoulder area
- found in areas subject to friction - most common bursa is subacromial bursa * located below acromion process * protects supraspinatus from acromion process |
