Sensation And Perception

Front 1

Sensation

Back 1

The awareness of properties of an object when a receptor is stimulated

Front 2

Perception

Back 2

The act of organizing and interpreting sensory input as signaling a particular object or event

Front 3

Psychophysics

Back 3

Relation between physical events and the corresponding experience of those events

Front 4

threshold



absolute threshold

Back 4

the point at which stimulation is strong enough to be noticed

The smallest amount of a stimulus needed in order to detect it

Front 5

Just noticeable difference
JND

Back 5

the size of the difference in a stimulus property needed for an observer to notice when that change has occured

Front 6

Webers law

Back 6

The rule that a constant percentage of a magnitude change is necessary to detect a difference

Front 7

Signal detection theory

Back 7

A theory explaining why people detect signals independently of bias: the thory is based on the idea that signals are always embedded in noise, and thus the challenge is to distinguish signal from noise

Front 8

Sensitivity

Back 8

In signal detection theory. the tresholod level for distinguishing between a stimulus and noise. The lower the threshold the greater the sensitivity

Front 9

Bias

Back 9

In signal detection theory a persons willingness to report noticing a stimulus

Front 10

Transduction

Back 10

psysical energy is converted into neural impulses

Front 11

Pupil

Back 11

Opening in the eye through which light passes

Front 12

Iris

Back 12

The circular muscle that adjusts the size of the pupil

Front 13

Cornea

Back 13

The transparent covering over the eye which serves partly to focus the light onto the back of the eye

Front 14

Accommodation

Back 14

Occurs when muscles adjust the shape of the lens so that it focuses light on the retina from objects at different distances

Front 15

retina

Back 15

a sheet of tissue at the back of the eye containing cells that convert light into neural impulses.

Front 16

Fovea

Back 16

Central region of retina with highest density of cones and highest resolution

Front 17

Rods

Back 17

Rod shaped retinal cells that are very sensitive to light but register only shades of gray

Front 18

cones

Back 18

Cone shaped retinal cells that respond most strongly to one of three wavelengths of light

Front 19

Optic nerve

Back 19

The large bundle of nerve fibers carrying impulses from the retina to the brain

Front 20

Dark adaptation

Back 20

The process whereby exposure to darkness causes the eyes to become more sensitive allowing for better vision in the dark

Front 21

Ganglion cells

Back 21

Third type of light receptor in eye

Circadian behavior

Front 22

Thichromatic theory

Back 22

the theory that color vision arises from the combination of neural impulses from three diff kinds of sensors, each of which responds maximally to a different wavelength

Front 23

Opponent process theory of color

Back 23

The theory that if a color is present it causes cells that register it to inhibit the perception of the complementary color

Front 24

Afterimage

Back 24

the image left behind by a previous perception

Front 25

Opponent cells

Back 25

Cells that pit the colors in a pair most notably blue/yellow
red/green against each other

Front 26

Gestalt laws of organization

Back 26

a set of rules describing the circumstances
proximity, good continuation, similarity closure and good form under which marks will be grouped into perceptual units

Front 27

Proximity

Back 27

Marks that are near tend to be grouped
together

Front 28

Continuity (good continuation)

Back 28

Marks that fall along a smooth curve or a straight line tend to be grouped together

Front 29

Similarity Marks that look alike tend to be grouped together

Back 29

Marks that look alike tend to be grouped together

Front 30

Closure

Back 30

We tend to close any gaps in a figure

Front 31

Good form

Back 31

Marks that form a single shape tend to be grouped together

Front 32

Perceptual constancy

Back 32

sensory info changes but the objects seem to be the sam

Front 33

Size constancy

Back 33

You see object as having same size despite of mvts.

Front 34

Shape constancy

Back 34

View objects from diff angles but in your mind its the same object

Front 35

Color constancy

Back 35

lightning changes do not change colors

Front 36

Binocular cues
Static

Back 36

cuest to the distance of an object athat arise from both eyes working together

Front 37

convergence
Static cues

Back 37

the degree to which the eyes are crosses when a person fixates on an object

Front 38

Retinal disparity
(in Static cues)

Back 38

Differences between the images striking the retina of the 2 eyes

Front 39

Monocular static cue
Static cues

Back 39

info that specifies the distance of an object that can be picked up wih one eye without movement of the object or eye

Front 40

Motion cues

Back 40

Info that specifies the distance of an object on the bsisi of its movement

Front 41

Good form

Back 41

Marks that form a single shape tend to be grouped together

Front 42

Perceptual constancy

Back 42

sensory info changes but the objects seem to be the sam

Front 43

Size constancy

Back 43

You see object as having same size despite of mvts.

Front 44

Shape constancy

Back 44

View objects from diff angles but in your mind its the same object

Front 45

Color constancy

Back 45

lightning changes do not change colors

Front 46

Binocular cues
Static

Back 46

cues to the distance of an object that arise from both eyes working together

Front 47

convergence
Static cues

Back 47

the degree to which the eyes are crosses when a person fixates on an object

Front 48

Retinal disparity
(in Static cues)

Back 48

Differences between the images striking the retina of the 2 eyes

Front 49

Monocular static cue
Static cues

Back 49

info that specifies the distance of an object that can be picked up wih one eye without movement of the object or eye

Front 50

Motion cues

Back 50

Info that specifies the distance of an object on the basis of its movement

Front 51

Phase 2 of vision

Back 51

identify shapes (Assign meaning) Temporal

identify spacial relations
Parietal

Front 52

perceptual set

Back 52

The sum of your assumptions and beliefs that lead you to expect to perceive certain objects or characteristics in a particular context

Front 53

Repetition blindness

Back 53

the inability to see the second occurrence of a stimulus that appears twice in succession

Front 54

Attentional blink

Back 54

a rebound period in which a person cannot pay attention to one thing after having just paid attention to another

Front 55

pitch

Back 55

higher frequencies of pressure waves produce experience of higher pitches (how high or loud a sound seems)

Front 56

loudness

Back 56

the strengt of a sound pressure waves with greater amplitude

Front 57

decibel

Back 57

threshold for hearing 0mb
at 160 your breaks eardrum

Front 58

Hair cells

Back 58

in basilar membrane of the inner ear
auditory equivalent of rods and cones

Front 59

Frequency theory

Back 59

the higher frequencies the more neural firing

Front 60

Place theory

Back 60

different frequencies activate diff places along the basilar membrane

Front 61

Speech segmentation problem

Back 61

a continuous stream of speech is separated into individual words

Front 62

Categorical perception

Back 62

Identifying sounds as belonging to distinct categories that correspond to the basic units of speech

Front 63

dichotic listening

Back 63

listen to sounds presented only to one ear

Front 64

Chemical senses

Back 64

Smell and taste

Front 65

Pheromones

Back 65

Chemiclas that funtion like hormones but are released outside the body

Front 66

Somasthetic senses

Back 66

Senses that have to do with perceiving the body and its position in space, specifically kinesthetic , vestibular, touch, temp , pain and magnetic senses

Front 67

Kinesthetic

Back 67

Propioception

Front 68

Vestibular sense

Back 68

the sense that provides info about the bodys orientation relative to gravity

Front 69

Paradoxical cold

Back 69

sensation of cold that occcurs when certain nevers in the kin are stimulated by something hot

Front 70

Double pain

Back 70

First sharp pain, then dull pain (DIFFERENT FIBERS, DIFFERENT SPEEDS)