Selenium

Front 1

What is Selenium?

Back 1

Selenium is a free automated testing suite used to test web applications. It supports different platforms and browsers. The four components of Selenium are Selenium I.D.E., Selenium RC, Selenium Webdriver, and Selenium Grid.

Front 2

Can you describe the architecture of Selenium?

Back 2

Selenium IDE, Selenium RC(Selenium 1), Selenium Webdriver, and Selenium Grid.

Front 3

What is Selenium IDE?

Back 3

It is a Firefox plugin that uses the Selenese language to write test scripts in the IDE. It stands for Selenium Integrated Development Environment. It is the simplest framework in the Selenium Suite. It allows us to record and playback the scripts.

Front 4

What is Selenium RC

Back 4

Selenium RC is also known as Selenium 1. Selenium RC was the main Selenium project for a long time before the WebDriver merge brought up Selenium 2. Selenium 1 is still actively supported (in maintenance mode) but many see it as obsolete. It relies on JavaScript for automation but can also support Java.

Front 5

What is Selenium Webdriver?

Back 5

Selenium WebDriver is a browser automation framework that accepts commands and sends them to a browser. It is implemented through a browser-specific driver. It controls the browser by directly communicating with it.

Front 6

What is Selenium Grid?

Back 6

Selenium Grid is a feature in Selenium that allows you to run test cases in different machines across different platforms.

Front 7

What are the types of Webdriver APIs that are available in Selenium?

Back 7

Some of the most popular ones are ChromeDriver, Firefox Driver, GeckoDriver, AndroidDriver

Front 8

How many parameters can Selenium have at minimum?

Back 8

The four parameters that you have to pass in Selenium are Host, Port Number, Browser, and URL. Host is the parameter that we use to bind Selenium to a specific IP. Port number is the IP port that is used to connect Selenium tests to the selenium grid hub. Browser and URL are just the browser and application URL that we will use to execute our Selenium scripts.

Front 9

What is Automation Testing?

Back 9

Automation testing is the process of using tools to test a software or application. In this process, we execute the test scripts and generate the results with an automation tool. The most popular tool for automation testing is Selenium Webdriver.

The benefits of automation testing are that it saves time and money. You can reuse the code and it is also easy to report.

Some of the limitations are that we cannot test windows applications, it is hard to handle dynamic elements, and it is impossible to automate captcha. It is also impossible to read bar codes.

Front 10

What is a framework?

Back 10

Bodies of code written by devs to create a product

Front 11

What is Encapsulation? An example of it in Selenium?

Back 11

Encapsulation is data hiding.

All classes in an automation framework are examples of encapsulation. We use Page Factory model to encapsulate WebElements in to Page Objects

Front 12

What is Abstraction? What is an example of it in Selenium?

Back 12

Abstraction is the methodology of hiding the implementation of internal details and showing the functionality to the user. It is implementation hiding.

Abstract class is used in defining common super class while writing Page Object Model. We usually create an abstract class named BasePage to have all common members for every page written in this class(example. getPageTitle)

Webdriver itself is an interface(which is abstraction). Listeners are also abstraction

Front 13

An example of Interface in your Automation Framework?

Back 13

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

WebDriver itself is an Interface.We are initializing Chrome browser using Selenium WebDriver. It means that we are creating a referance variable(driver) of the interface(WebDriver) amd creating an Object.

Front 14

An example of Inheritance in your automation framework?

Back 14

We create a Base/Generic class in the Framework to initialize WebDriver interface, waits, etc.We extend the Base/Generic class into other classes.

Front 15

An example of Polymorphism in your automation framework

Back 15

Method Overloading- Implicit wait is an example of method overloading. In implicit wait, we use different time stamps such as SECONDS, MINUTES, HOURS, etc.

Method Overriding- We use a method which was already implemented in another class by changing its parameters.For example, we can create a null Thread.sleep() method in the base class. When we inherit it we can add the time(5 seconds)

Front 16

How to group test cases?

Back 16

You can use TestNG to group test cases similarly to how Cucumber has tags. You give the testcases a group and then in the testNG.xml file you say which groups you want to run

Front 17

How to run Grouped Test cases

Back 17

This will run the group "smokeTest"

Front 18

What are meta groups?

Back 18

Groups within groups

In the testNG.xml file you can put groups inside of other groups. This is called MetaGroups

Front 19

How do you launch the Browser and Navigate to a URL?

Back 19

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

driver.get("URL);

Front 20

What is Soft Assert and Hard Assert?

Back 20

Hard Assert throws an exception immidiatelywhen an assert statement fails.

Soft assert will not immediately throw an exception. Instead it will just collect all the errors and move on to the next step

Front 21

What is Keyword-Driven testing? What is Data Driven testing?

Back 21

In Keyword Driven we use a table format to define keywords or action words for each function/method that we would execute. It performs automation test scripts based on the keyword specified in the excel sheet

Data-Driven is focused on seperating the test scripts logic and the test data from each other. The test data is kept in external files such as Excel sheets and SQL database. The test scripts connect to the external resources to get the test data

Front 22

How do I connect to SQL and get data from a Table(In order to do Data Driven Testing)

Back 22

First you need to ConnectToSqlDB

Then you make a List that reads the online database

Front 23

How do I use data from SQL to search up information

Back 23

First you need to insert the class.

You make a List

You use a for loop to get the data

Front 24

How do I connect to an Excel file to get Keywords from a table(For Keyword Driven)

Back 24

You have to use the ConnectToExcelFile class

Then you have to make a String array where you put the path to the excel sheet and then read the data using the "fileReader2" method

Front 25

How do I use the Keywords from a Table to run Methods?

Back 25

You have to use switch statements

Front 26

Drag and Drop

Back 26

You use the Selenium Actions class.Drag and Drop method accepts two parameters source locator(start) and target locator(end)

Front 27

How to run parallel test cases

Back 27

We can use the "parallel" attribute in testng.xml to accomplish parallel test execution The parallel attribute of suite tag can accept 4 values

Tests-All the tests cases inside tag of testng.xml will run parallel

Classes-All the test cases inside a java class will run parallel

Methods-All methods with @Test annotation will execute parallel

Instances-Test cases in same instance will execute parallel BUT two methods in two different instances will run in different thread

Front 28

How to exclude specific methods?

Back 28

By adding the exclude tag in testng.xml. with this you can run all the methods in a class while excluding the ones you want

Front 29

How do you set up test case priority

Back 29

We can use the priority attribute to set the order of the test scripts

Front 30

How to Hover over an element

Back 30

You can use the Selenium action class and use the "moveToElement" method

Front 31

How to check if something is Displayed, Enabled, or Clicked without using TestNG Assert

Back 31

Front 32

Pre-Requests Script vs Tests(Postman)

Back 32

Pre-Requests script is a script that will always run before the request is started. Tests always run AFTER the request is done(Think of it like Before Method and After Method)

You can set scripts on different levels(Just like Variables).

1)Request

2)Folder

3)Collection

Request gets precedence

Front 33

What are the Locators available in Selenium?

Back 33

The locators are ID, Name, Class Name, Tag Name, LinkTest, Partial LinkTest, XPath, and CSS Selector

ID & Name locators will be used when there are unique identifiers & unique names available on the web page. CSS Selector can be used for performance and when ID & Name locators are not unique. XPath is used when there is no preferred locators.

Front 34

What is WebElement selenium?

Back 34

WebElement in Selenium represents an HTML element. It basically represents a DOM element in a HTML document.

Front 35

What is an XPath?

Back 35

An XPath is something that we use to locate the elements. Using XPath we could navigate through elements and attributes in an XML document to locate the web elements

Front 36

What is the difference between Absolute Path and Relative Path?

Back 36

An absolute XPath starts from the root node and ends with the desired descendant element's node. It starts with the top HTML node and ends with the input node. When you create an absolute path you use /

Relative path can start from any node between the HTML page to the current element's node which is the last node of the element. We create relative paths with //

Front 37

What are Soft Assert and Hard Assert in Selenium?

Back 37

Hard asserts throws an exception immediately after an assert statement fails. It will stop the test.

Soft Assert will not immediately throw an exception or stop the test. Instead, it will just collect all the errors and move on to the next step.

Front 38

What is the difference between setSpeed() and sleep() methods?

Back 38

Both the sleep() and setSpeed() methods are used to delay the execution speed.setSpeed() will apply a delay time before every Selenium operation while sleep() will only apply the delay once(when its called)

Front 39

How do you launch a browser in Selenium?

Back 39

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

ChromeDriver is a class, and it implements the WebDriver interface

‘WebDriver‘ is an interface and we are creating an object of type WebDriver instantiating an object of ChromeDriver class.

Front 40

What are some exceptions you have faced in Selenium?

Back 40

One of the most common exceptions is ElementNotVisibleException. This exception will be thrown when you are trying to locate a particular element on the webpage that is not currently visible even though it is present in the DOM. You can deal with this exception by using waits.

(DOM is Document Object Model. It is a cross-platform and language-independent interface that treats an XML or HTML document as a tree structure wherein each node is an object representing a part of the document. It is JavaScript so you dont need to know it)

Front 41

What are the different types of waits in Selenium?

Back 41

The three types of waits are Implicit Wait, Explicit Wait, and Fluent Wait.

Implicit waits tell the WebDriver to wait for a certain amount of time before it throws an exception. Once we set the time, Webdriver will wait for the element based on the time we set.

Explicit wait is applied on a certain element with a expected condition and time. There are a lot of different types of expected conditions like titleContains(), alertIsPresent(), and elementToBeSelected().

Fluent wait sets a time and a frequency.

Front 42

What happens if you mix both implicit and explicit wait?

Back 42

Explicit wait will overwrite the implicit wait.Explicit wait is defined whenever it is necessary in the code. Implicit wait is defined only once in the code and it will remain the same throughout the driver object instance. Because explicit wait is more specific then it gets first preference.

Front 43

What happens if you mix both sleep() and Implicit wait in Selenium?

Back 43

If we use both of the waits then they will stack.sleep() will pause the execution first and then the implicit wait will follow

Front 44

How to login into any site if it is showing an Authentication Pop-up for Username and Password?

Back 44

We pass the username and password with the URL

http://username:password@urlHttp://KingIceSonic:[e-mail]

Front 45

Important Selenium methods

Back 45

You can input text into the text box by using the sendKeys() method

driver.findElement().sendKeys();

You can clear the text of a text box by using the clear() method

driver.findElement().clear();

You can get the text of a web element by using the getText() method

String text= driver.findelement().getText();

System.out.println(text);

Fetch the current page URL in Selenium.

driver.getCurrentUrl();

To maximize the browser we use the maximize() method

driver.manage().window().maximize();

You can use the deleteAllCookies() method to delete the cookies.

driver.manage().deleteAllCookies();

You can use driver.close() to close the Webdriver

You can submit a form using the submit() method.

driver.findElement().submit();

To press the enter key you need to use the Selenium Enum Keys. Keys.ENTER

Front 46

How to input text in the text box without using sendKeys()?

Back 46

You can use the JavascriptExecutor

Front 47

How do you click on a hyperlink using Selenium Webdriver?

Back 47

By using the click() method. There is a selector specifically made for linkText. You can click on it like any other selector

Front 48

What are the two ways to open an URL?

Back 48

driver.get("url")

driver.navigate.to("url)

driver.get() will open the URL and wait for the page to load. driver.navigate.to() will open the URL and it will NOT wait for the whole page to load

Front 49

What are the different types of navigation commands in Selenium Webdriver?

Back 49

You can use the Navigate interface to navigate back and forth in a browser. driver.navigate().back will take you to the previous page while driver.navigate().forward will take you to the next page. driver.navigate().refresh will refresh the current page.

driver.navigate().forward();

driver.navigate().back();

driver.navigate().refresh();

driver.navigate().to("URL");

Front 50

What are the ways to refresh a browser in Selenium?

Back 50

You can use driver.navigate().refresh , you can also use the sendKeys method and press F5

driver.navigate().refresh()

sendKeys(Keys.F5) on any textboxdriver.get("URL") on the current URL

Front 51

What is the difference between driver.close() and driver.quit()

Back 51

driver.close makes it so that you close the current Webdriver instance. driver.quit() will close all the opened Webdriver instances

Front 52

What is the difference between driver.findElement() and driver.findElements()

Back 52

findElement() returns a single WebElement whereas findElements() returns a list of WebElements. If findElement does not find any elements then it will throw an exception while findElements() will just return a list of 0 elements.

Front 53

How can we handle Web-based Pop ups or Alerts in Selenium

Back 53

To handle Web-based alerts or popups we need to switch to the alert window and call Selenium WebDriver Alert API methods.

dismiss(); - To click cancel button

accept(); - To click Ok button

getText(); - To get the text in the alert

sendKeys(); - To enter text in the alert box

Front 54

What is JavaScriptExecutor? Things you can do with JavascriptExecutor?

Back 54

Sometimes web controls don't react well against selenium commands and we may face issues. To overcome these issues we can use JavaScriptExecutor interface. It provides a mechanism to execute Javascript through Selenium driver.

Front 55

How to select a value in a dropdown?

Back 55

By using Select class

you can do selectByVisibleText, selectByIndex, and selectByValue.

Front 56

Can you use Selenium for Rest API testing?

Back 56

No. Selenium automates web browsers. Rest API & many other APIs don't contain UI.

Front 57

What is Parameterized testing in TestNG?

Back 57

Parameterized tests allow developers to run the same test over and over again using different values .there are two ways to set these parameters

1)Using testng.xml

2)Using data providers

Front 58

How do we use Appium in Selenium?

What are the desired capabilities?

Back 58

First we set the desired capabilities in a base class(Before Method)

These desired capabilities are deviceName, udid, platformName(Android), platformVersion(9), appPackage, and appActivity

Front 59

What are the desired capabilities needed for Appium testing?

Back 59

device name

udID

platform name (Android)

Platform version (9)

appPackage

appActivity

noReset

Front 60

How to handle hidden elements in Selenium WebDriver?

Back 60

We can handle hidden elements by using javaScript executor

Front 61

What is the use of @Listener annotation in TestNG?

Back 61

TestNG listeners are used to configure reports and logging. One of the most widely used listeners in testNG is ITestListener interface. It has methods like onTestStart, onTestSuccess, onTestFailure, onTestSkipped etc. We should implement this interface creating a listener class of our own.

Front 62

What is the time unit we specify in test suites and test cases?

Back 62

We specify the time unit in test suites and test cases is in milliseconds.

Front 63

What is Object Repository in Selenium WebDriver?

Back 63

Object Repository is used to store element locator values in a centralized location instead of hard coding them within the scripts. We do create a property file (.properties) to store all the element locators and these property files act as an object repository in Selenium WebDriver.

Front 64

What is Page Object Model in Selenium?

Back 64

i

Front 65

How can you use the Recovery Scenario in Selenium WebDriver?

Back 65

By using a Try Catch Block