Science Test Unit B Section 1-2

Front 1

Matter

Back 1

Anything that has mass & occupies space

1) Pure Substances > Elements & Compounds
2) Mixtures > Solutions, Mechanical Mixtures, Suspensions, Colloids

Front 2

2 Properties of Matter

Back 2

1) PHYSICAL: ex. color, shine, melting/boiling/freezing temp., density, hardness, solubility, conductivity
2) CHEMICAL: describes how a substance interacts with other substances

Front 3

ELEMENTS

Back 3

-Matter that can't be broken down into simpler substances
-Contains only 1 atom
ex. Kr, Ca, H, Fe

Front 4

COMPOUNDS

Back 4

Substance formed by 2 or more elements chemically fixed in proportion
ex. H2O = 2 atoms of Hydrogen + 1 atom of Oxygen

Front 5

Physical Change

Back 5

-REVERSIBLE
-Its state may be different but its chemical composition is the same
ex. ice cream melting

Front 6

Identifying Physical Change

Back 6

-Can you change it back?
-Can you refreeze or melt the product again?

Hint 6

🍨🍦🍧

Front 7

Chemical Change

Back 7

-The new substance formed is completely different from the original reactants
ex. beating/frying eggs

Front 8

Identifying Chemical Change

Back 8

-Change in color
-Change in odor
-Formation of a solid or gas
-Release or absorption of energy in the light & heat

Hint 8

🍳🍳

Front 9

Order of Evolving Theories of Matter

Back 9

1. Stone Age Chemists (CAVEMEN)
2. Egyptians (6000 -1000 BC / GOLD)
3. Hittites (1200 BC / IRON + CARBON = STEEL!)
4. Democritus (400 BC / SMART GUY)
5. Aristotle (350 BC / WRONG GUY)
6. Alchemist (Lab Tools)
7. Robert Boyle (1600 / Supported Democritus' particle theory)
8. Antoine Lavoisier (1770: Father of Modern Chemistry

Front 10

John Dalton (English Scientist)

Back 10

•1808
-Created the Billiard Ball Model

Front 11

Billiard Ball Model

Back 11

-All matter is composed of an indivisible particle called an atom
(all matter is composed of an atom)

-Change: DISCOVERY OF ELECTRONS in 1897

Front 12

J.J Thomson (British Physicist)

Back 12

-In 1897
-Proposed RAISIN BUN MODEL
•1st to identify a subatomic particle (smaller than an atom)
•Used rays to produce streams of negatively charged particles (ELECTRONS)
•Electrons scattered through (+) sphere ➡ NUCLEUS

-Change: Electrons outside the nucleus

Hint 12

🍉

Front 13

Hantara Nagaoka (Japanese Physicist)

Back 13

•1904
-Created the Nagaoka Model
•Model resembled the planet Saturn
•A massive positive sphere with an orbiting ring of electrons

Change: Nucleus not massive but small and dense + Electrons were not so closely connected to nucleus

Hint 13

🌚

Front 14

Ernest Rutherford (British Scientist)

Back 14

In 1907
-Proposed the RUTHERFORD MODEL
•His model suggest that atoms were empty spaces with positive particles could pass through with a positive central core (nucleus)

-Change: Electron orbits were not random

Hint 14

Front 15

Niehls Bohr

Back 15

•1913
-Created the Bohr Model
-Subjected that electrons move in specific circular orbits (electron shells) & they jumped between shells by gaining or losing energy

Hint 15

Front 16

James Chadwick (British Physicist)

Back 16

-Discovered that the nucleus contains protons [(+) charge] & neutrons (no charge)
-Electrons has a mass of 1/1837 of either a proton or neutron

Front 17

Quantum Theory ⚡☁⚡

Back 17

-Electrons exist in a charged cloud around the nucleus

Hint 17

Front 18

Jons Berzelius (Swedish Chemist)

Back 18

-In 1814
-Used the 1st letter (capitalized) of the element name as the symbol
ex. Hydrogen = H

Front 19

John Newlands (English Chemist)

Back 19

In 1864
-Recognized a pattern when elements were listed by increasing atomic mass

Front 20

Dmitri Mendeleev (Russian Chemist)

Back 20

-(&Card player)
-In 1869
-Organized elements according to patterns in the properties of the elements
-He did this without even knowing what an atom was made of !

Front 21

# of Elements Today

Back 21

-There are 118
THERESSSS HYDROGEN AND HELIUM, LYTHIUM, BERYLLIUM ....

Front 22

How Today's Periodic Table is Organized

Back 22

Periods = Across
Groups = Down (Family) / 18 vertical columns

To the left, to the left = Metals (more chemically reactive)
Right = Non-metals

Front 23

Elemental Box

Back 23

-Atomic Number (indicates # of protons or electrons)
-Atomic Mass (total mass of all protons & neutrons in nucleus)

Front 24

Calculating Number of Neutrons

Back 24

Atomic mass minus Atomic number

Front 25

(QUIZ QUESTION!) Which of the five scientists did most of his work in Canada?
A. Rutherford
B. Nagaoka
C. Thomson
D. Chadwick

Back 25

A. Rutherford

Front 26

WHMIS

Back 26

Workplace Hazardous Material Information System