Science Katy Isd Final Exam Review Cards

Front 1

Define the term ecosystem

Back 1

a community of living organisms and nonliving objects that interact as a system

Front 2

define the term niche

Back 2

the position of a population or species in an ecosystem

Front 3

define the term predation

Back 3

the hunting and killing of an animal to benefit the predator

Front 4

define the term predator

Back 4

a living organism that preys on other living organisms for food.

Front 5

define the term prey

Back 5

a creature that is killed by a predator for food.

Front 6

define the term mutualism

Back 6

a symbiotic relationship where both parties benefit

Front 7

define the term commensalism

Back 7

a symbiotic relationship in which one party benefits, and the other party is not affected

Front 8

define the term parasitism

Back 8

a symbiotic relationship where one party benefits, but the other one is harmed

Front 9

define the term host

Back 9

the party that is affected negatively in the parasitic relationship

Front 10

define the term Abiotic factors

Back 10

Factors that are not alive/Non-Living factors

Front 11

define the term Biotic Factors

Back 11

Living creatures/Factors that are alive

Front 12

define the term producer

Back 12

An organism that produces its own food

Front 13

Define the term consumer

Back 13

an organism that relies on other organisms for food.

Front 14

define the term food chain

Back 14

A linear transfer of energy from one organism to the next

Front 15

define the term food web

Back 15

several food chains linked together

Front 16

define the energy pyramid

Back 16

the transfer of energy from producer, to herbivore, to carnivore, and then to decomposer. each transfer has 1/10th of the energy from the previous transfer.

Front 17

What is the main source of energy in an ecosystem?

Back 17

The Sun

Front 18

Which organism is always on the bottom of the energy pyramid?

Back 18

producers

Front 19

Name 4 Biotic factors, and 4 Abiotic factors of an enviroment

Back 19

biotic: grass, mouse, deer, moose, sloth, monkey, mushroom, etc...

Abiotic: rock, water, dirt, sun, air, land, etc...

Front 20

How might removing one species from a food chain affect species that eat it?

Back 20

they will compete more for food, or they will starve

Front 21

Define the term topographic map

Back 21

a map used to detail altitude and the shape of hills and mountains. usually they are very detailed.

Front 22

define the term elevation

Back 22

distance from sea level

Front 23

define the term contour lines

Back 23

a line on a map joining points of equal elevation

Front 24

define the term topography

Back 24

a detailed description of an area in a map that describes elevation and hills.

Front 25

define the term contour intervals

Back 25

the distance from one contour line and another

Front 26

define the term index contours

Back 26

contour line that is darker than the other lines, usually placed every 5 contour lines

Front 27

what is a topographic map?

Back 27

a map used mainly to define a land-form and the area around it, using elevation to describe certain terrain

Front 28

How can you determine the steepness of a slope looking at a topographic map?

Back 28

the distance between the contour intervals

Front 29

how can you determine the direction a river is flowing on a topographic map?

Back 29

find out the contour of the land, and downhill is the direction it is flowing

Front 30

how can you tell the difference between a hill and a depression

Back 30

the depression has a hatched design, rather than a smooth and blank one

Front 31

what is weathering and erosion and what land features do they form?

Back 31

weathering is the breakdown of objects due to nature, and erosion is the movement of the sediment created by weathering. these create land forms such as caves, sink holes, river mouths, and hills

Front 32

define the term axis

Back 32

the invisible line that all planets spin on

Front 33

define the term rotation

Back 33

the spinning of a celestial body around its axis

Front 34

define the term revolution

Back 34

the orbit of a celestial body around another celestial body

Front 35

define the term solstace

Back 35

the time when the sun reaches its highest or lowest point from earth

Front 36

define the term equinox

Back 36

the time when the sun is parallel with earths equator, and the day and night are the same length

Front 37

define the term moon phase

Back 37

the way the moon looks as the sun shines on different parts of it

Front 38

define the term new moon

Back 38

a time when no visible light reflects back to earth from the moon, and it cannot be seen

Front 39

define the term waxing

Back 39

to grow larger

Front 40

define the term full moon

Back 40

the time when the entire bright side of the moon can be seen from the earth, and the moon is at its biggest point

Front 41

define the term waning

Back 41

to shrink in size

Front 42

what causes seasons?

Back 42

the relative distance that the sun is from different hemispheres of the earth. this is due to the 23.5 degree tilt of the earth

Front 43

why do we have moon phases?

Back 43

because the sun lights up different parts of the moon throughout its cycle, and we can only see one part of the moon

Front 44

name all the phases of the moon

Back 44

new moon,Waxing crescent, 1st quarter, Waxing Gibbous, Full Moon, Waning Gibbous, 3rd Quarter, Waning Crescent.

Front 45

Define the term Continental Drift

Back 45

the movement of the Tectonic Plates relative to each other.

Front 46

Define the term Pangea

Back 46

A super continent that existed millions of years ago

Front 47

What is seafloor spreading

Back 47

the theory that as old land is sucked back into the core, new land is spewed out into the earth through vents on the seafloor

Front 48

Define the term plate tectonics

Back 48

the theory that states that the earths crust is made up of plates, and that they move around on the surface, colliding with one another

Front 49

define the term plate

Back 49

the huge chunks of land that float over the mantle

Front 50

define the term asthenosphere

Back 50

area between the mantle and the lithosphere

Front 51

define the term convection current

Back 51

the currents in the asthenosphere that cause the plates to move

Front 52

define the term divergent boundary

Back 52

a boundary between plates where they are moving apart

Front 53

define the term convergent boundary

Back 53

a boundary between plates where they are colliding

Front 54

define the term subduction zone

Back 54

the area in which old crust is sucked back into the mantle by convection currents

Front 55

define the term transform boundary

Back 55

a boundary where plates are sliding up against one another.

Front 56

why were Wegener's ideas about continental drift initially rejected?

Back 56

because he could not explain how new land was formed

Front 57

what evidence did Wegener have to support his theory?

Back 57

there was coal in Antarctica, there were similar fossils in different coasts apart from each other, and there were mountain ranges that seemed to connect when you lined them up with other continents

Front 58

how do the ages of rocks on the ocean floor support Hay Hess's theory of seafloor spreading?

Back 58

the newer rock was close to the rifts, and the oldest rock was found on the coast

Front 59

define the term atmosphere

Back 59

the large layer of gas held down to earth by its gravity. shields the earth from radiation, and also allows life to form.

Front 60

define the tern troposphere

Back 60

the part of the atmosphere where all life exists

Front 61

define the term radiation

Back 61

the emission of harmful particles and rays of energy from decaying molecules

Front 62

define the term conduction

Back 62

the transfer of heat energy by contact

Front 63

define the term convection

Back 63

the transfer of heat energy by cooling and heating liquids and gas

Front 64

define the Coriolis effect

Back 64

deflection of an object in reference to a rotating object

Front 65

define the term jet stream

Back 65

thin, fast flowing currents found in our atmosphere

Front 66

define the term sea breeze

Back 66

at night, when the land cools down before the sea does, a breeze comes from the sea to the land

Front 67

define the term land breeze

Back 67

during the day, when the sea stays cool for longer than the land, a breeze come from the land, to the sea

Front 68

why do some areas of earths surface get more sun that others?

Back 68

because the earth is tilted

Front 69

define the term weather

Back 69

the state of the atmosphere at a place and time

Front 70

define the term air mass

Back 70

how dense the air is

Front 71

define the term of highs and lows when referring to air pressure

Back 71

when the air pressure is high, it will go to an area of low pressure. low pressure is when the air is less dense, while high pressure is the oposite

Front 72

define the term front

Back 72

a large "cloud" of either high or low pressure, causing sudden changes in temperature and weather

Front 73

define the term hurricane

Back 73

when a tropical storm reaches critical mass, and the wind speed exceeds 75 mph then it becomes a hurricane

Front 74

define the term station model

Back 74

a model that shows the current weather, and temperature, as well as wind speed of an area

Front 75

define the term isotherm

Back 75

a type of equal temperature on a given date

Front 76

define the term isobar

Back 76

a line on a map that connects two areas with the same atmospheric pressure

Front 77

why is fair weather common in areas of high pressure?

Back 77

because high pressure areas do not get clouds due to the wind.

Front 78

how does a cold front form?

Back 78

when an area of low pressure hits an area of high pressure, and goes underneath it

Front 79

what is a station model?

Back 79

it is a model used to show all the atmospheric facts about an area

Front 80

define the term surface currents

Back 80

the currents on the surface of the ocean, that are formed by wind

Front 81

define the term upwelling

Back 81

a process in which deep, cold water rises to the surface of the ocean

Front 82

what is El Nino

Back 82

a complex series of atmospheric changes to the California area

Front 83

how do winds create surface movement?

Back 83

by pushing the water in the direction of the wind

Front 84

how does the rotation of the earth modify ocean currents in the northern hemisphere?

Back 84

it causes the eastern currents to flow slower than the western currents

Front 85

what kind of current is the gulf stream?

Back 85

a warm ocean current

Front 86

why are there more warm water currents

Back 86

because heat rises

Front 87

where do warm currents originate? the cold currents?

Back 87

worm comes from the equator. cold comes from the poles

Front 88

what side of the us is the gulf stream? the California current? is this a trend?

Back 88

east, west, and yes

Front 89

what is a major force behind the creation of the tides?

Back 89

the moon

Front 90

how do spring and neap tides differ

Back 90

one is an increase of the tides, another one is a dull of the tides

Front 91

what is the human impact of overfishing?

Back 91

the fish are going extinct and there is less for the predators to eat

Front 92

what is the human impact of oil spills?

Back 92

the ocean is being poisoned and all life is killed around an oil spill

Front 93

what are the human impacts of marine debris?

Back 93

the environment is being tainted, and creatures are being killed in the debris