Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
PSYCHOSIS |
• Generic term • “Break with Reality” • Symptom, not an illness • Caused by a variety of conditions that affect the functioning of the brain. • Includes hallucinations, delusions and thought disorder |
|
|
Psychotic behavior |
–Cluster of disorders characterized by hallucinations and/or loss of contact with reality –A symptom |
|
|
Schizophrenia |
– A type of psychosis with disturbed thought, perception, language, emotion, and behavior |
|
|
Emil Kraeplin |
– Used the term dementia praecox, focused on onset and outcomes |
|
|
Eugen Bleuler |
– Introduced the term “schizophrenia” or “splitting of the mind” |
|
|
Positive Symptoms |
• Active manifestations of abnormal behavior, distortions of normal behavior •A symptom added to a person with schizophrenia that is attypical in other people. • Examples include delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech |
|
|
Delusions |
“The Basic Characteristics of Madness” • Gross misrepresentations of reality • Examples include ______ of grandeur or persecution |
|
|
Hallucinations |
• Experience of sensory events without environmental input • Can involve all senses, but auditory _______ are the most common • Findings from SPECT studies |
|
|
Negative Symptoms |
• Absence or insufficiency of normal behavior • Examples are emotional/social withdrawal, apathy, and poverty of thought/speech |
|
|
• Avolition (or apathy) – Inability to initiate and persist in activities • Alogia – A relative absence of speech • Anhedonia – Inability to experience pleasure or engage in pleasurable activities • Flat affect – Show little expressed emotion, but may still feel emotion |
Spectrum of Negative Symptoms (4 A's) |
|
|
Disorganized Symptoms |
• are symptoms that include severe and excess disruptions in speech, behavior, and emotion. |
|
|
Cognitive slippage |
– Illogical and incoherent speech |
|
|
Tangentiality |
– “Going off on a tangent” and not answering a question directly |
|
|
Loose associations or derailment |
– Taking conversation in unrelated directions |
|
|
Disorganized Affect |
Inappropriate emotional behavior (e.g., crying when one should be laughing) |
|
|
Catatonia |
– Spectrum from wild agitation, waxy flexibility, to complete immobility |
|
|
Paranoid Type – 295.30 |
•Subtype of Schizophrenia • Intact cognitive skills and affect, and do not show disorganized behavior • Hallucinations and delusions center around a theme (grandeur or persecution) |
|
|
Disorganized Type – 295.10 |
•Subtype of Schizophrenia • Marked disruptions in speech and behavior, flat or inappropriate affect • Hallucinations and delusions have a theme, but tend to be fragmented • This type develops early, tends to be chronic, lacks periods of remissions |
|
|
Catatonic Type – 295.20 |
• Subtype of Schizophrenia • Show unusual motor responses and odd mannerisms (e.g., echolalia, echopraxia) • This subtype tends to be severe and quite rare |
|
|
Undifferentiated Type – 295.90 |
• Subtype of Schizophrenia • Major symptoms of schizophrenia, but fail to meet criteria for another type |
|
|
Residual Type – 295.60 |
• Subtype of Schizophrenia • One past episode of schizophrenia • Continue to display less extreme residual symptoms (e.g., odd beliefs) |
|
|
Schizophreniform Disorder – 295.40 |
• Schizophrenic symptoms for less than 6 months • Associated with good premorbid functioning; most resume normal lives |
|
|
Schizoaffective Disorder – 295.70 |
• Symptoms of schizophrenia and a mood disorder (e.g., bipolar disorder) • Prognosis is similar for people with schizophrenia • Such persons do not tend to get better on their own |
|
|
Delusional Disorder – 297.1 |
• Delusions that are contrary to reality without other major schizophrenia symptoms • Many show other negative symptoms of schizophrenia • Type of delusions include erotomanic, grandiose, jealous, persecutory, and somatic • This condition is extremely rare |
|
|
Brief Psychotic Disorder – 298.8 |
• Experience one or more positive symptoms of schizophrenia • Usually precipitated by extreme stress or trauma • Lasts less than one month |
|
|
Shared Psychotic Disorder – 297.3 |
• Delusions from one person manifest in another person • Little is known about this condition |
|
|
Schizotypal Personality Disorder |
• May reflect a less severe form of schizophrenia |
|
|
Process vs. Reactive Distinction |
• _______ – Insidious onset, biologically based, negative symptoms, poor prognosis • ________ – Acute onset (extreme stress), notable behavioral activity, best prognosis |
|
|
Good vs. Poor Premorbid Functioning in Schizophrenia |
• Focus on person’s level of function prior to developing schizophrenia • No longer widely used |
|
|
Type I vs. Type II Distinction and Schizophrenia |
• _______ – Positive symptoms, good response to medication, optimistic prognosis, and absence of intellectual impairment • ________ – Negative symptoms, poor response to medication, pessimistic prognosis, and intellectual impairments |
|
|
Onset and Prevalence of Schizophrenia worldwide |
• About 0.2% to 1.5% (or about 1% population) • Usually develops in early adulthood, but can emerge at any time |
|
|
Schizophrenia Is Generally Chronic |
• Most suffer with moderate-to-severe impairment throughout their lives • Life expectancy in persons with schizophrenia is slightly less than average |
|
|
Schizophrenia Affects Males and Females About Equally |
• Females tend to have a better long-term prognosis • Onset of schizophrenia differs between males and females |
|
|
Dopamine |
Drugs that increase _________ (agonists), result in schizophrenic-like behavior • Drugs that decrease _________ (antagonists), reduce schizophrenic-like behavior |
