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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Common routes of administration |
Capsules, tablets and pills Creams, ointments, gels Emulsions Solutions Powders Patches Suppositories Syrups Gases |
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Common oral routes of administration |
Oral Sub-lingual Buccal Inhalation |
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Injectable routes of administration |
Subcutaenous Intramuscular Intravenous Intradermal |
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Characteristics of oral administration |
Formulation swallowed from oral cavity Needs to dissolve in GIT compartment Formulation subjected to harsh environment Small intestines primary site of absorption |
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Factors affecting GIT absorption |
Gastrointestinal motility Splanchnic blood flow Food and drug interactions Drug characteristics |
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Advantages of oral administration |
Convenient Cheap Generally higher compliance rates Comfortable preparation for most individuals Variety of formulations |
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Disadvantages of oral administration |
Drugs may be degraded by harsh environment Subject to drug and food interactions Cannot be given to unconscious, non-compliant or vomiting patients |
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Sublingual administration |
Formulation placed underneath the tongue |
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Advantages of sublingual administration |
Rapid absorption due to rich blood supply Quicker onset of action Oral cavity is less harsh than rest of GIT Bypasses first-pass effect |
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Disadvantages of oral administration |
May cause oral irritation Drugs must be saliva-soluble |
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Formulations of sublingual administration |
Soluble tablets Drops Spray Lozenges |
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Characteristics of epithelial administration |
Solubilised drugs administered to epithelial surfaces Different types (e.g. cutaneous, nasal, eye and lungs) |
