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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What type of roof is this?
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gable roof
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What type of roof is this?
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gable roof
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What type of roof is this?
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hip roof
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What type of roof is this?
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hip roof
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What type of roof is this?
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intersecting roof
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What type of roof is this?
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intersecting roof
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What type of roof is this?
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gambrel roof
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What type of roof is this?
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gambrel roof
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What type of roof is this?
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mansard roof
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What type of roof is this?
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mansard roof
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What type of roof is this?
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butterfly roof
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What type of roof is this?
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butterfly roof
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What type of roof is this?
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shed roof
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What type of roof is this?
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shed roof
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What is the name of the centre board in this image?
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the centre board is the ridgeboard
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What is the name of the rafter pictured?
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common rafter
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What is the name of this piece in black?
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ridgeboard
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What are the pieces in blue called?
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common rafters
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What are the pieces in red called?
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hip rafters
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What are the orange pieces called?
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valley rafters
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What are the purple pieces called?
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hip jack rafters
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What are the pieces in yellow called?
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valley jack rafters
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What are the pieces in green called?
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cripple jack rafters
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What are the pieces in dark gray called?
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collar ties
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What are the pieces in light grey called?
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gable end studs
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What are the two types of roof framing systems?
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1. Truss
2. Hand-cut (a.k.a. rafter) |
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Which roof system is better overall?
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truss
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What does calculating the line length tell you?
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Where the bird's mouth is located
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What are the three methods to measure/determine rafter length?
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1. Estimated rafter length
2. Step-off method 3. Calculated rafter length |
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How does the step-off method work?
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The step-off method is based on the unit of run (12 inches for the common rafter). Set the framing square at the proper slope, starting from the plumb cut at the ridge. Then step the rafter down as many times as there are feet in the run.
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What is SLOPE?
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It is the angle of the roof, given in the form of a unit triangle and a ratio of something to 12.
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What is the SPAN?
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The span is the width of the building.
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What is the RUN?
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The run is half of the span.
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What the the LINE LENGTH, and how do you calculate it?
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Line length is the length of the rafter from peak to bird's mouth. You calculate it by multiplying the units of run by the L.C.P.F.R.
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What is the TAIL LENGTH, and how do you calculate it?
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Tail length is the length that the rafter extends beyond the double top plate (i.e., beyond the bird's mouth). You calculate it by multiplying the units of projection by the L.C.P.F.R.
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What is TOTAL RAFTER LENGTH, and how do you calculate it?
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Total rafter length is the total length of the rafter from peak to the end of the tail. You calculate it by adding together the line length and the tail length.
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What reductions need to be taken into consideration when calculating and cutting rafters?
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Reduce the peak side of the rafter by 1/2 the width of the ridgeboard and the tail of the rafter by the width of the fascia. Make these deductions at right angles to the plumb lines, NOT along the edge of the board.
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When do you mark your reductions?
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Mark reductions AFTER drawing all 3 plumb lines.
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What is another name for "bird's mouth"?
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Bird's mouth = seat cut
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What is the H.A.P.? What length does it need to be?
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H.A.P = Height Above Plate. It needs to be 2/3 the rafter height along the plumb line.
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How do you know which direction to draw the bird's mouth?
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Beak to the peak!
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How do you calculate the number of rafters you'll need?
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Width of the roof (in inches) ÷ O/C spacing + 1
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What size of ridgeboard should you use?
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Ridgeboard must be 1 nominal size larger than the rafters.
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How do you know where to place gable end studs?
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Gable end studs should line up with O/C studs of your walls.
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Why should you be sure to cut the end of the gable end stud at least as low as the rafter?
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Shrinking!
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What is the name of the pieces of blocking that connect the rake rafter to the next common rafter?
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lookouts
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What is the first rafter called?
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rake
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What is another term for H.A.P.?
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H.A.P. = rafter stand
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What takes the place of rafters in a truss system?
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upper chords
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What takes the place of ceiling joists in a truss system?
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lower chords
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What is the name of the diagonal members in a truss system?
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webs
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Are carpenters allowed to build trusses?
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Yes, as long as they use approved designs. Carpenters are NOT allowed to design trusses.
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What type of truss is this?
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Fink or W truss
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What type of truss is this?
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Modified Fink truss
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What type of truss is this?
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Howe truss
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What type of truss is this?
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Pratt truss
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What type of truss is this?
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Attic truss
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What type of truss is this?
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Scissors truss
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What type of truss is this?
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Hip carrier truss
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What type of truss is this?
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Warren truss
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What is the most common truss used in residential construction?
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Fink (W) truss
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How do you install trusses?
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According to the provided instructions! They will tell you how to place, brace, etc.
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What is a critical step before installing the first truss?
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build bracing!
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How are trusses typically connected to the plate?
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metal framing connectors
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How do you determine the method of permanent bracing of trusses?
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Bracing design is created by the truss engineer and provided on the plans.
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How should truss chords be cut to install skylights, etc.?
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Truss chords should never be cut!
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What are two important purposes of roof sheathing?
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1. Provide rigidity to roof frame
2. Provide nailing base for roof covering. |
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For roof sheathing, should the grain run parallel or perpendicular to rafters or top chords?
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Perpendicular
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What type of sheathing is typically used in post-and-beam framing?
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plank decking (minimum 2" nominal thickness)
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What is another name for "tail level line"?
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Tail level line = soffit cut
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Do you need to have edge support with roof sheathing? If so, what type?
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Yes: T&G plywood/OSB, or H-clips (2 between each rafter)
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What is the purpose of venting the roof?
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To remove hot/cold/damp air from the attic space
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What are the two reasons that you vent?
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1. Provide comfort level
2. Allow wet air to exit |
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What type of venting is required on the top of all houses?
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One of these:
- Standard roof vent - Turbine vent - Ridge vent |
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What venting is required along the eaves?
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Soffit vent
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What venting is required along the inside of the roof?
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Posi-vent (a.k.a. Positive ventilation chute)
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When would you use a gable end vent?
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With a gable roof, especially if house was oriented so that prevailing winds in the area would make good use of it.
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What are the 6 different types of house venting we should know about?
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1. Standard roof vent
2. Turbine vent (wind-operated or electric) 3. Soffit vent 4. Posi-vent / Duro-vent / positive ventilation chute 5. gable end vent 6. ridge vent |
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What 3 vents are required on all houses?
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1. standard and/or turbine and/or ridge vent
2. soffit vent 3. posi-vent |
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What are 6 signs of poor venting?
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1. mould (shows up last)
2. heat 3. stale air 4. breakdown of shingles 5. sheathing decays 6. rot |
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How much venting is required?
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1 sq ft of vent for every 300 sq ft of insulated ceiling
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What are 6 styles of shingles, and which is most common?
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1. asphalt (most common)
2. cedar (shakes or shingles) 3. slate 4. clay 5. flat (tar and gravel) 6. metal |
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What are the 6 components of finishing a roof?
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- Roof deck
- Underlayment - Drip edge - Starter strip - First course of shingles - Next courses of shingles |
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What part of the roof is shown here?
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roof deck
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What is this?
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underlayment
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What is this?
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drip edge
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How far up the roof do you need eaves protection?
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900mm, and 300mm in from double top plate
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What underlayment does Lawrence use along the bottom of the roof?
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ice and water
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What underlayment, at minimum, should be used for the rest of the roof?
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15 lb tar paper
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What is shown here?
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starter strip
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What is this person installing?
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first course of shingles
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