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237 Cards in this Set
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This Theorist examined cognitive development, which is the process of understanding and knowing. He identified four stages: sensorimotor (manipulation), preoperational (egocentric thought), concrete operations, formal operations (abstract thought). He theorized that cognitive development occurs in a continuum from infancy on.
a. erickson b. piaget c. gilligan d. Kohlberg |
b. Piaget
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Which stage of cognitive development is this:
Senses and motor activity give information about the world and its objects; relies on totally direct experience; at the end of this stage, language skills increas and the sense of object permanence is recognized abart from self. a. sensorimotor (birth -2yoa) b. preoperational (2-7yoa) c. concrete operations(7-12 yoa) d. formal oeprations (12- adulthoods) |
a. sensorimotor
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time of exploration and curiosity; very interested in the world; explains the world so that it makes sense to self; increased language skills and imagination help use mental images and symbolic play.
a. sensorimotor (birth -2yoa) b. preoperational (2-7yoa) c. concrete operations(7-12 yoa) d. formal oeprations (12- adulthoods) |
b. preoperational
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Uses systematic thought and is able to apply univeral rules; reversibility of thought (add and subtract); classification of objects by size or mass; and consistency of quantities when physical apperance changes (pour liquid from narrow to wide container- amount remains the same). Able to learn in a procedural or sequential method.
a. sensorimotor (birth -2yoa) b. preoperational (2-7yoa) c. concrete operations(7-12 yoa) d. formal oeprations (12- adulthoods) |
c. concrete operations
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Able to think in abstract terms and to use reasoning and scientifice processes; also can conceptualize the future.
a. sensorimotor (birth -2yoa) b. preoperational (2-7yoa) c. concrete operations(7-12 yoa) d. formal oeprations (12- adulthoods) |
d. Formal operations
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Piaget considered formal operational thought to be the _____ level of cognitive process.
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highest.
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The development of moral reasoning was researched extensively. He determined that an integral part of socialization of a child from any culture is to teach the child the difference between right and wrong.
a. piaget b. erickson c. kohlberg d. gilligan |
c. kohlberg
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Which kohlberg stages is this? the child is dependent on adults fro survival and learns to view moral behavior as the avoidance of disapproval or punishment from adults?
a. conventional b. preconventional c. principal moral |
b. preconventional
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This kohlberg stage develops on the preteen years. The child is able to deffine rules and expectations of society and better understands the consequences if rules are broken. Law and order, has sense of morality; protects rights of all.
a. conventional b. preconventional c. principal moral |
a. conventional
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Which kohlberg stage is this? As the teenager moves into adulthood, they develop an abstract moral sense that enables them to determine what is just or unjust. They have a conscience; respects other humans; and believes in mutual trust.
a. conventional b. principaled moral c.preconventional |
b. principled moral
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This theorist developed a theory of moral development from a woman's perspective. Asserts that women's development is seen more in terms of relationships, caring and connectivity.
a. piaget b. erickson c. kohlberg d. gilligan |
d. gilligan
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Which gilligan stage is this?
The individual views the moral decisions as one that is necessary for her own survival in terms of herself only. There is a sense of obligation to one's own needs. a. orientation to individual survival b. goodness as self-sacrifice c. morality of nonviolence |
a.
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Which gilligan stage is this?
The individual makes a moral decision based on meeting the needs and expectations of others and not hurting others. the obligation is to others and not self in this process. a. orientation to individual survival b. goodness as self-sacrifice c. morality of nonviolence |
b.
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Which gilligan stage is this?
The individual determines tha moral choice must be responsible to self and others and must involve caring and not hurting. The individual remains obligated to nonvioloence. a. orientation to individual survival b. goodness as self-sacrifice c. morality of nonviolence |
c..
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This theorist was the first to delineate development in terms of phases or stages. He views these stages in terms of psychosocial development throughout the life span. You either succeed or fail at each stage will determine how you act as an adult
a. piaget b. erickson c. kohlberg d. gilligan |
b. erickson
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Ericksons Psychosocial stages
Birth- 18mo. Learns to trust others and self. Success; sense of predictability and certainty. Failure: sense of abandonment and distrust. basic strength: HOPE. belief our desires will be satisfied. Feeling of confidence. a. Trust vs. Mistrust b. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt c. Initiative vs. guilt d. industry vs. inferiority e. identity vs. role confusion f. intimacy vs. isolation g. generativity vs. stagnation h. integrity vs despair |
a. trust vs. mistrust
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18 mo- 3y. learn to develop sense of choice and self- restraint. Success: parents encourage child's ability to exercise some degree of choice. Failure: child's independence is thwarted, develops feelings of self-doubt. basic strength: will. Determinations to exercise freedom of choice in face of society's demands.
a. Trust vs. Mistrust b. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt c. Initiative vs. guilt d. industry vs. inferiority e. identity vs. role confusion f. intimacy vs. isolation g. generativity vs. stagnation h. integrity vs despair |
b. autonomy vs. shame and doubt
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3-5 yr. Child learns to have goals, develop judgement, and perceive self-behavior. If successful, child develops responsibility and cooperation; ability to use positive judgment. Failure : lacks self confidence; fear of doing the wrong thing. Basic strength: purpose. Courage to envision and pursue goals.
a. Trust vs. Mistrust b. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt c. Initiative vs. guilt d. industry vs. inferiority e. identity vs. role confusion f. intimacy vs. isolation g. generativity vs. stagnation h. integrity vs despair |
c. initiative vs. guilt
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6-12yoa. Develops skills and knowledge to complete tasks; use motor and cognitive skills. Success: sense of success and competence. Failure: sense of inadequacy and hopelessness
a. Trust vs. Mistrust b. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt c. Initiative vs. guilt d. industry vs. inferiority e. identity vs. role confusion f. intimacy vs. isolation g. generativity vs. stagnation h. integrity vs despair |
d. industry vs. inferiority
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12-20yoa. Develop a sense of self and abilities and an inner sense of commitment, morality, and ethics. Success: a postive sense of self and a knowledge that one has abilities and values. Failure: doubt about sexual and vocational identity; confusion about individual identity; can lead to identification with heroes and cliques. basic strength: fidelity. Emerges from cohesive ego identity. Sincerity, genuineness, sense of duty in relationships with others.
a. Trust vs. Mistrust b. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt c. Initiative vs. guilt d. industry vs. inferiority e. identity vs. role confusion f. intimacy vs. isolation g. generativity vs. stagnation h. integrity vs despair |
e. identity vs. role confusion
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20-40 yoa. develop intimate relationships and make commitments to work and to others. Success: intimate relationshihps and positive comitments to work and to others. Failure avoidance of intimacy; problems with commitment. Basic strength: LOVE. mutual devotion in a shared identity. Fusing of oneself with another person.
a. Trust vs. Mistrust b. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt c. Initiative vs. guilt d. industry vs. inferiority e. identity vs. role confusion f. intimacy vs. isolation g. generativity vs. stagnation h. integrity vs despair |
f. intimacy vs. isolation
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41-60yoa. Establish family and assist in the guidance of the next generation; be creative and productive. Success: feeling needed by family and helping the dfuture generation; feeling prodcutive and valuable. Failure concerned more with self; feeling useless and without value; stagnated. Basic strength: CARE broad concern for others need to teach others.
a. Trust vs. Mistrust b. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt c. Initiative vs. guilt d. industry vs. inferiority e. identity vs. role confusion f. intimacy vs. isolation g. generativity vs. stagnation h. integrity vs despair. |
g. generativity vs. stagnation
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61- death. Resolves that life has meaning and worth. Success: accept one's life as meaningful and fulfilling ; that something has been left for the next generation. Failure: fear death; cannot see that life had meaning. One word term: Wisdom
a. Trust vs. Mistrust b. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt c. Initiative vs. guilt d. industry vs. inferiority e. identity vs. role confusion f. intimacy vs. isolation g. generativity vs. stagnation h. integrity vs despair |
h. integrity vs. despair
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Factors that motivate change: a turning point or a critical time in the course of an event. Example a 40 -year old nurse who had recently been through a divorce recognized a need to further her education and develop a professional career.
a. crisis b. conflict c. disappointment d. lack of rewards e. desire for autonomy and self-improvement. |
a. crisis
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Factors that motivate change:
A sense of battle or opposition. Denotes a struggle or variance with a particular situation. Ex. nurse wants to practice nursing in a more holistic way and believes that the fragmented care system is not adequate. After many attempts to change policy with his boss he no longer deals with this agency so he resigns and finds a different job with holistic approach. a. crisis b. conflict c. disappointment d. lack of rewards e. desire for autonomy and self-improvement. |
b. conflict
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Factors that motivate change:
A sense of failure at not meeting expectations or fulfilling certain plans and can be another motivator for change. ex. after failing her first quiz: she finds a tutor and vows to do better on the next quiz. This factor motivates her to change. a. crisis b. conflict c. disappointment d. lack of rewards e. desire for autonomy and self-improvement. |
c. disappointment
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Factors that motivate change: An individual may be in a position that affords recognition or reward. This situation motivates the person to take courses or advanced training or to change jobs to gain more rewards and prestige.
a. crisis b. conflict c. disappointment d. lack of rewards e. desire for autonomy and self-improvement. |
d. lack of rewards
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Factors that motivate change:
A person may feel stagnated and powerless in a particular position and thus takes appropriate steps to change the situation. a. crisis b. conflict c. disappointment d. lack of rewards e. desire for autonomy and self-improvement. |
e. desire for autonomy and self-improvement.
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This unplanned change is the type that is imposed on an individual or organization that requires action, often of an immediate or emergent nature. Example would be a fire in a person's home. Family members are forced to consider rebuilding the home and replacing lost items.
a. forced b. spontaneous. |
a. forced
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This change refers to change that is impulsive or effortless and is often random or unpredictable. Person begins a new job, they may take on characteristics of other coworkers. This may seem like a planned response but it occurs spontaneously w/out forethought.
a. forced b. spontaneous |
b. spontaneous
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Members who are affected by the change are refered to as stakeholders.
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info
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Change that involves a planned changed that occurs gradually in steps or stages.
a. incremental b. rapid c. transactional d. transformational |
a. incremental
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This is a change that is planned quickly may or not be successful. The implementation of an organizational plan without considering the ramifications.
a. incremental b. rapid c. transactional d. transformational |
b. rapid
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This is a planned change that occurs for mutual benefit. This planned change is formed so that all parties are able to come to an appropriate and mutually agreeable plan.
a. incremental b. rapid c. transactional d. transformational |
c. transactional
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This change occurs within the process of planned change. Ex. in your return to school, a change will occur as you progress thru your ADN course work. with This process will come not only new knowledge and skills but also a new way of thinking and being. This change implies that there is a radical difference in an individual or a group as a result of change.
a. incremental b. rapid c. transactional d. transformational |
d. transformational
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stages of planned change.
First stage. An individual, group or organization identifies the need for change and the need to change behaviors. it is necessary to identify restraining and driving forces for the planned change. a. refreezing b. moving c. unfreezing |
c. unfreezing
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2 types of forces in unfreezing. which type is this?
Forces that inhibit change. ex. become motivated to return to school, however forces like less time with family, loss of income, lack of confidence in ability to succeed may scare you. a. restraining forces b. driving forces. |
a. restraining forces
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2 types of forces in unfreezing. which type is this?
forces that encourage and sustain change. ex. your motivation to return to school has been supported by your desire for decision making, increased clinical skills, more recognition, support from family member, mentor or friend. a. restraining forces b. driving forces. |
b. driving force
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stages of planned change.
2nd stage of planned change. Strategies for the planned change are developed. The individual, group, or organization gathers data, formulates plans, and enlists the support of all those involved with the change. a.moving b. refreezing c. unfreezing |
a. moving
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stages of planned change.
The process of change is completed. the individual, group, or organization internalizes the behavior changes and attitudes that were identified as necessary for the change process. a. unfreezing b. moving c. refreezing |
c. refreezing
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The negative or maladaptive effects of change or stress. Which type of stress is this?
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distress
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The more beneficial effects of stress.
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eustress
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Seyle defined this as the nonspecific response of the body to any demand made on it.
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Stress
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Three stages of GAS?
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alarm reaction, resistance, recovery
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This is the first stage of the general adaptation syndrome. The body responds to a particular stressor. The defense mechanisms of themind and body are activated.A person is ready for action during this phase.
a. resistance b. alarm reaction c. recovery. |
b. alarm reaction
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During this stage of the GAS the alarm reactions stabilisze. the hormone levels and cardiac functions return to previous levels. The person attempts to adapt to the stressor.
a. resistance b. alarm reaction c. recovery. |
a. resistance
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This is the last stage of GAS. the body will either return to normal or can no longer cope with the stressor because it is exhausted its ability to defend itself.
a. resistance b. alarm reaction c. recovery. |
c. recovery
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This effect of change pertains to opposing views an individual mnay have for a particular situation, person or other factor. A person may have mixed feelings about what the change will involve. ex. change hair style, halfway into the change, you are pleased yet also appalled.
a. ambivalence b. resistance c. loss d. resonance |
a. ambivalence
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This type of change is defined as conduct that tries to preserve the status quo. Individuals or groups are ____ to change because they are not part of the decision maker, or they don't want change to occur.
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resistant
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3 types of resistance. Cultural resistance. Social resistance factors. psychological resistance factors.
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info
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This term is generally used to define the reflection or reverberation of sound. However it also describes the response of a system to changes from inside or outside the system is affected by what is happening to a part or parts of the system. Within the holistic view, change within one part affects the entire system. Examples. Diving into a cold pool. Internal environment responds to the changes in external environment
a. ambivalence b. resistance c. loss d. resonance |
d. resonance
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The biological dimensions of non-health or breakdown of a system.
a. Disease b. Illness c. health d. wellness |
a. disease
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An altered process in which aspects of the social, physical, emotional, or intellectual condition and function of a person are diminished or impaired.
a. Disease b. Illness c. health d. wellness |
b. illness
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an ideal state, an integrated balance, and a method of functioning that is oriented toward maximizing the potential of which the individual is capable. This is a descriptive word to describe other things
a. Disease b. Illness c. health d. wellness |
c. health
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a measure of optimal health, an expression of the process of life, and the subjective experience of integrated or congruent functioning
a. Disease b. Illness c. health d. wellness |
d. wellness
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This type of nursing incorporates mind-body-spirit principles into the development of a caring healing relationship with patients
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Holistic
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The individual realization of continually higher expression of health in body, mind and spirit.
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Holistic health
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In the holistic approach to health promotion one not only assesses the client but the _____( noises, aromas, personal space, etc) You also assess physical, emotional, psychosocial as well as spiritual.
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environment
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A desire to increase well-being and actualize human health potential. You need to be motivated to take care of yourself. If you are motivated you will eat right, not smoking etc. This is a form of prevention and encourages optimal funciton.
a. health promotion b. health protection. |
a. health promotion
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The motivation by a desire to actively avoid illness, detect it early to maintain functioning within the constraints of illness
a. health promotion b. health protection. |
b. health protection
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Name the 5 aspects of optimal health?
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Emotional- stress managment
social- good social support intellectual- edcuation spiritual- praying physical exercise |
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Name some internal health factors
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Biological- race, age
psychological- social events, life events cognitive- how we perceive things, not wearing a helmet on motorcycle |
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Name some external health factors.
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environment
standards of living family and cultural beliefs social support networks |
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What is the major determinant that effects a persons health today.
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Behavior
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Health prevention:
Activities are designed to prevent or slow the onset of disease. activities such as eating health foods, exercising, wearing sunscreen, seat belt laws, immunizations. a. primary b. secondary c. tertiary |
a. primary
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This prevention involves screening activities and education for detecting illnesses in the early stages. Self breast examination, testicular exams, regular physical exams, BP and Diabetes screening, TB skin tests
a. primary b. secondary c. tertiary |
b. secondary
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5 methods of resolving role conflict
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avoidance
compromise accommodation competition collaboration |
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this prevention is ongoing and tries to rehabilitate the person.. focuses on stopping hte disease from progressing and returning the individual to the pre-illness phase. Rehabilitation is the main intervention during this level
a. primary b. secondary c. tertiary |
c. tertiary
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name this method of resovling role conflict: This is also called withdrawing from or denying conflict.You check out a book from library, loan it to a friend, the friend returns it late and their is a late fee Instead of confonting your friend you pay the fee.
a. avoidance b. compromise c. accommodation d. competition e. collaboration. |
a. avoidance
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passage laws and establishment through action of policies that protect the health and welfare of all age groups. All members have astandard of living and way of life that allows them to meet basic human needs
a. community wellness b. environmental wellness c. societal wellness. |
c.
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name this method of resolving role conflict: this approach uses techniques of barganining or negotiations. Example married couple arrange to accomplish household chores. both agree that a plan to split up chores equally will accomplish their goals.
a. avoidance b. compromise c. accommodation d. competition e. collaboration. |
b. compromise
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Describe the illness-wellness continuum
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You have a wellness paradigm by creating an 2 arrows facing the opposite direction. in the middle is no discernable illness or wellness. to the left you have signs, symptoms disability, preamature death to the right of the neutral zone you have awareness, edcuation, growth high-level of wellness. And you have the treatment paradigm to get you to the neutral zone but it is up to you to get a high- level of wellness
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name this method of resovling role conflict: in this method a person attempts to smooth over the conflict or to suppress the problems. For example, a couple that split up chores.. one does not follow thru, the one who is done helps the partner finishe the undone chores.
a. avoidance b. compromise c. accommodation d. competition e. collaboration. |
c. accommodation
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Agent- host- environment model.
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You need an agent- disease, host person or animal, environment warm, moist dark and time in the middle
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name this method of resolving role conflict: one person decides to force the issue and to place personal goals or desires over those of others.
a. avoidance b. compromise c. accommodation d. competition e. collaboration. |
d. competition
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In the transtheoritecal model you have to ____ the change.
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want
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name this method of resovling role conflict: this straegy requires paricipants to be willing to problem solve and confont the issues with the intent of setting mutual goals. All paricipants are involved in the decision making process.
a. avoidance b. compromise c. accommodation d. competition e. collaboration. |
e. collaboration.
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name the stage in this transtheoretical model of change
This stage preceeds the change and identifies those who are not aware of having a particular problem and so are not ready to contemplate change. a. precontemplation b.termination c. contemplation d. determination e. action f. maintenance |
a.
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name the stage in this transtheoretical model of change:
involves the decision making process a. precontemplation b.termination c. contemplation d. determination e. action f. maintenance |
c.
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name the stage in this transtheoretical model of change:
stage in which the person makes a decision to change a behavior and prepares a plan a. precontemplation b.termination c. contemplation d. determination e. action f. maintenance |
d.
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name the stage in this transtheoretical model of change:
The implementation of the plan a. precontemplation b.termination c. contemplation d. determination e. action f. maintenance |
e.
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name the stage in this transtheoretical model of change:
This stage allows the changed behavior to be reinforced. a. precontemplation b.termination c. contemplation d. determination e. action f. maintenance |
f.
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name the stage in this transtheoretical model of change:
A person who enters this stage has changed the behavior and is not in danger of relapse a. precontemplation b.termination c. contemplation d. determination e. action f. maintenance |
b.
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This health promotion technique is a method to enahnce your personal presence with your clients. Stand with knees bent, back straight, shoulders up and back/abdomen relaxed. Close your eyes
a. centering b. healing touch c. massage d. imagery e. musical therapy |
a. centering
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This health promotion technique is an energy based approach to healing using interventions that incorporate awareness of the human energy field and the interactions that occur b/t the healer and recipient
a. centering b. healing touch c. massage d. imagery e. musical therapy |
b. healing touch
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This health promotion technique involves systematically stroking, kneading and manipulating the soft tissues, primarily muscles of the body, to produce relaxation.
a. centering b. healing touch c. massage d. imagery e. musical therapy |
c. massage
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This health promotion technique is visualization. a creative relaxation and healing stragegynurses can use for self care with clients.
a. centering b. healing touch c. massage d. imagery e. musical therapy |
d. imagery
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This promostioanl tehcnique is use of music in order to restore and maintain physical health.
a. centering b. healing touch c. massage d. imagery e. musical therapy |
e. musical therapy
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The use of aromas or scents for healing and relaxation
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aroma therapy
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Health promotions accross the lifespan. Which age group
Safety: accident prevention, child proofing the house, safety seats. Well-baby check ups, vaccines, nutrition, brushing teeth, toilet training a. adolescents b. school age children c. preschool and below d. young adult e. mid adult f. elderly |
c.
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Health promotions accross the lifespan: yearly physical examination, vision/hearing tests, immunization updates, safety: bike helmets, skating. Health education (bodily changes/puberty), emergency contact info, fire drills at home and school.
a. adolescents b. school age children c. preschool and below d. young adult e. mid adult f. elderly |
b.
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Health promotions accross the lifespan. Sex education, peer pressure, contraception, pap smears, std's nutrition, drugs, suicide, school violence, texting while driving
a. adolescents b. school age children c. preschool and below d. young adult e. mid adult f. elderly |
a.
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Health promotions accross the lifespan: Yearly physicals, pap smears, sex edcuation,drugs, TB testing, safety, obesity/nutrition.
a. adolescents b. school age children c. preschool and below d. young adult e. mid adult f. elderly |
d.
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Health promotions accross the lifespan: Pap smears, SCREENINGS, diet, exercise, dental exams, BOOSTER
a. adolescents b. school age children c. preschool and below d. young adult e. mid adult f. elderly |
e.
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Health promotions accross the lifespan: Screenings, ADLS, Safety for falls, suicide, living will
a. adolescents b. school age children c. preschool and below d. young adult e. mid adult f. elderly |
F.
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Treat all patients _____.
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equally
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This type of law is fundamentals of freedoms like freedom of speech, rights to privacy.
a. constitutional law b statutory law c. common law d. administrative law |
a.
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This law is made by legislative bodies, at the local, state, and federal levels. For example HIPPA. Nurse practice acts, good samaratin,
a. constitutional b. statutory c. common d. administrative |
b. statutory
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These laws derive from common usage, custom and judicial law. based on court decisions. Examples. Pt abandonment, failure to obtain informed consent, failure to accept a clients right to refuse treatment.
a. constitutional b. statutory c. common d. administrative |
c.common
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This law is called regulatory laws. For example NPAs are fromed by statutory law, but the authority to regulate these acts is given to and administrative agency. Regulations developed and approved by that agency are considered to be these laws. EX. violation of regulartory laws include practicing nursing with an expired license.
a. constitutional b. statutory c. common d. administrative |
d. adminstrative
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This law is the protection of individual rights and governance of conduct b/t individuals and private organizations. Health care workers are affected by this law in that malpractice and negligence cases fall within this law.
a. criminal b. contract c. civil |
c. civil
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Laws that involves crimes an individual makes against society. Usually involves a willful intentioan act of disregard for the safety, well-being, or life of another.
a. criminal b. contract c. civil |
a. criminal
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In criminal law charges that can be levied against a nurse. The misuse of a controlled substance is considered a misdemeanor or a felony?
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misdemeanor
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The most common violation by nurses of the criminal law is through the failure to renew nursing licenses. This is considered a misdemeanor or a felony?
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felony
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Which type of law is this.. agreement that are formed b/t two parties in which there is a duty or obligation. These laws can either be written or oral and particular duties may be clearly stated or less definitively defined.
a. criminal b. contract c. civil |
b. contract
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A violation of civil law or a civil wrong committed against a person or persons property. Based on fault. Can be intentional or unintentional
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tort
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This type of tort is one in which there was a conscious intent of harm.
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intentional tort
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This tort is one in which there was no intent to cause harm. It was accidental
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unintentional
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What type of tort is this?
Fraud |
intentional
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What type of tort is this?
Assault and battery |
intentional
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What type of tort is this?
defamation of character |
intentional
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What type of tort is this?
invasion of privacy. |
intentional
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What type of tort is this?
False imprisonment |
intentional
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What type of tort is this?
omitting important assessment data |
unintentional
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What type of tort is this?
failure to establish priorities of care. |
unintentional
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What type of tort is this?
teaching not documented |
unintentional
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What type of tort is this?
client falls out of bed or is burned from intervention |
unintentional
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What type of tort is this?
wrong medication given to wrong client. |
unintentional
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_____ means that the nurse accepts responsibility for her or his own actions or behaviors.
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accountability
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As nursing students we are responsible for ______ competence, sound judgement, and critical thinking in our roles as caregivers.
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demonstrating
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occurs when one puts another in threatnening situation. You prevent them from leaving. Presenting something in a harmful way
a. assault b. battery c. invasion of privacy d. false imprisonment e. defamation |
a. assault
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When you physically harm someone. When you touch someone without their consent
a. assault b. battery c. invasion of privacy d. false imprisonment e. defamation |
b. battery
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Taking photographs without consent
a. assault b. battery c. invasion of privacy d. false imprisonment e. defamation |
c.invasion of privacy
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Freedom of movement is restricted.
a. assault b. battery c. invasion of privacy d. false imprisonment e. defamation |
d. false imprisonment
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Something that is written or said about the pt and they take it the wrong way..a. assault b. battery c. invasion of privacy d. false imprisonment e. defamation
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e. defamation
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Libel is ____ defamation
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written
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Slander is ____ defamation.
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spoken
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This is a form of accountability. Is is the need for a profession to determine the aspects for which its members are accountable. The ANA develops these in which this rule assumes that the expected action of one nurse would be held to that of another nurse with similar education ad experience.
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standards of practice
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The legal responsibility for actions that do not reflect the standard of care and cause harm or a failure to act to prevent harm.
a. Liability b. negligence c. malpractice |
a. liability
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An unreasonable or careless act or the failure to act in a reasonable and prudent manner that results in harm to an individual or group
a. Liability b. negligence c. malpractice |
b. negligence
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Professional negligence; an act or failure to act by a prfessional in a reasonable and prudent manner in conducting professional duties as defined by members of the profession.
a. Liability b. negligence c. malpractice |
c. malpractice or professional negligence
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The obligation a nurse has to a client usually found on an assignment sheet or chart
a. dereliction of duty b. duty c. direct cause d. damages |
b. duty
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A standard of care that was violated.
a. dereliction of duty b. duty c. direct cause d. damages |
a. dereliction of duty
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the nurse's action caused harm (usually the hardest to prove by the defense)
a. dereliction of duty b. duty c. direct cause d. damages |
c. direct cause
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a money amount to be awarded to the client because of pain/suffering.
a. dereliction of duty b. duty c. direct cause d. damages |
d. damages
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Professional negligence usually is the result of errors in basic nursing cares. True or false
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True
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There are three common errors in professional negligence name them. Remember these are basic nursing cares.
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assessment, planning and intervention errors
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To be awarded damages in a malpractice suit, you have to prove 3 characteristics: The ___ the nurse has to the plaintiff, The standard of care was _____. The ____ done was directly related to the nurses actions.
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duty. violated. harm
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In professional negligence this
errors is not recognizing the significance of the blood sugar of 30. a. assessment errors b. planning errors c. intervention errors. |
a. assessment errors
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In professional negligence this
error is not making the judgement to give a snack to someone with a blood sugar of 30. a. assessment errors b. planning errors c. intervention errors. |
b. planning error
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In professional negligence this
error is not actually giving the snack to someone who has a blood sugar of 30. a. assessment errors b. planning errors c. intervention errors. |
c. intervention errors.
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This term was developed by insurance agencies. Applied to nursing it refers to the process of identifying, preventing, and reducing the occurrence of potential hazards.
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Risk management
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The primary tool to review problems is the ____ or occurrence report.
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incident
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A situation where an event almost occurred is known as a ____ miss.
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near
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IN the RN role of risk management be to ____ common problems and ____ solutions to eliminate or reduce the incidence of partiuclar situations.
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identify. develop
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Documents that competent people execute to have control over their future health care.
a. living will b. advanced directives c. confidentiality d. informed consent e.DPOA |
b. advanced directive
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This document is sgined by an individual indicating that his or her life is not to be sustained by extraordinary measures. Although not legally binding, it does provide information about the desires of the individual.
a. living will b. advanced directives c. confidentiality d. informed consent e.DPOA |
a. living will
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This is a type of agreement, a person assigns another individual, or proxy, as surrogate decision maker. Usually notarized
a. living will b. advanced directives c. confidentiality d. informed consent e.DPOA |
E. DPOA
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T or F. It is the nurses duty to ask clients or families about advanced directives upon admission?
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True
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T or F. It is not the nurse's duty to inform physicians about clients wishes regarding a living will or if hte family is experiencing conflict about the wishes expressed int he document of DPOA?
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False
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T or F. It is the responsibility of the nurse to provide support for decisions that the client and the family has made?
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True
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This means a client must be provided with information about a procedure or treatment that informs the client of the benefits, risks and alternatives.
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informed consent
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T or F. It is the nurses responsibility to get informed consent
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True
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The physician approaches the client for permission to perform open heart surgery. For the clent to give informed concent.
a. the nurse must leave the room b. the client must realize that any information gained from the procedure may be used for research c. the client must be informed about the benefits and risks of the procedure, as well as alternatives to the procedure. d. the patient may not withdraw consent once given |
c.
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All patients have the right to have information regarding them honored, respected and protected. This information is now federally protected under HIPPA. This law states that information regarding the patient may only be given with written authorization of the client, or it could be considered invasion of privacy.
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confidentiality
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A nurse accidentally administers an incorrect dose of morphine sulfate to a patient. Which source of law best addresses the situation?
a. civil b. criminal c. common d administrative |
a. civil
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The scope of nursing practice is legally defined by
a. State NPA b. professional nursing organizations c. hospital policy and procedure manuals d. physicians in the employing institutions |
a.
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Decisions regarding what is right or wrong; often a system that is used to protect the rights of individuals.
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Ethics
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T or F. Ehtics is doing the right thing, unless someone isn't watching you?
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False
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Decisions regarding what is right and wrong; often a ssystem that is used to protect the rights of individuals or groups.
a. ethics b.code of ethics c. values d. morals e. biotethics f ethical dilemma |
a. ethics
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Standards of conduct and values as defined by a profession; forms the basis for ethical decision making by a profession.
a. ethics b.code of ethics c. values d. morals e. biotethics f ethical delimma |
b.code of ethics
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the ideals and beliefs held by and individual or group; usually influenced by family, society, and religion; have a great impact on behavior.
a. ethics b.code of ethics c. values d. morals e. biotethics f ethical delimma |
c. values
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an individuals standards of right and wrong; formed in childhood; also influenced by family, society and religion.
a. ethics b.code of ethics c. values d. morals e. biotethics f ethical delimma |
d. morals
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Ethical questions surrounding life and death; questions and concerns regarding quality of life as it relates to advanced technology.
a. ethics b.code of ethics c. values d. morals e. biotethics f ethical delimma |
e. biotethics
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A situation in which an individual must choose between two alternatives that rare not desirable; often involves examining rights and obligations of particular individuals; choice frequently defended.
a. ethics b.code of ethics c. values d. morals e. biotethics f ethical delimma |
f.
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Principles of nursing ethics definitions:
Actively do good a. beneficence b. nonmaleficence c. autonomy d. justice e. fidelity f. veracity |
a. beneficence
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To not inflict harm on a person
a. beneficence b. nonmaleficence c. autonomy d. justice e. fidelity f. veracity |
b. nonmaleficence
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Upholding the exercise of personal choice
a. beneficence b. nonmaleficence c. autonomy d. justice e. fidelity f. veracity |
c. autonomy
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Treating everybody equally fairness to all people
a. beneficence b. nonmaleficence c. autonomy d. justice e. fidelity f. veracity |
d. justice
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Upholding commitment or keeping promises. Faithful
a. beneficence b. nonmaleficence c. autonomy d. justice e. fidelity f. veracity |
e. fideltiy
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Telling the truth
a. beneficence b. nonmaleficence c. autonomy d. justice e. fidelity f. veracity |
f. veracity
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Ethical decision making generally involves the nursing process. Which part of hte nursing process is this?
To obtain as much information as possible to understand the situation. |
assessment
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Ethical decision making generally involves the nursing process. Which part of hte nursing process is this?
A statement of the dilemma that will assist you in seeing the issue as concisely as possible. |
Diagnosis
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Ethical decision making generally involves the nursing process. Which part of hte nursing process is this?
List all possible options for solving the dilemma; do not get involved with determining the consequences at this point.. This process is known as brainstorming. |
planning
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Ethical decision making generally involves the nursing process. Which part of hte nursing process is this?
make the decision and follow through with it. |
Implementation
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Ethical decision making generally involves the nursing process. Which part of hte nursing process is this?
Look over the decision in terms of effects and results. Evaluate your comfort with the decision. |
evaluation.
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This type of reasoning goes from specific to general
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inductive
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This type of reasoning goes from general to specific
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deductive
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The nurse is interviewing a client. the most effective tehrapeutic technique a nurse can us i in the communication process is
a. general leads b. active listnening c. using open-ended questions d. a professional appearance |
d. professional apperarance
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Between a nurse client relationship these are techniques in communications we should use match the correct technique with the question:
The nurse should interpret medical terms in ways that client and family can understand. a. simplicity b. general leads c. open-ended questions d. sharing an observation e. restating f. clarification g. summarization |
a. simplicity
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Between a nurse client relationship these are techniques in communications we should use match the correct technique with the question:
These are brief words or phrases to tell the listener that reception is occurring, encouraging the client to communicate further. a. simplicity b. general leads c. open-ended questions d. sharing an observation e. restating f. clarification g. summarization |
b. general leads
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|
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Between a nurse client relationship these are techniques in communications we should use match the correct technique with the question:
This type of communications encourages client to elaborate on a subject. You ask who, what, when, where questions to add depth and relevence to the communications a. simplicity b. general leads c. open-ended questions d. sharing an observation e. restating f. clarification g. summarization |
c. open-ended questions
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|
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Between a nurse client relationship these are techniques in communications we should use match the correct technique with the question:
To perform this technique, the nurse needs to observe behaviors in the client. Ex. I haven't seen you dring anything today... am I wrong? Used to initiate a convo. a. simplicity b. general leads c. open-ended questions d. sharing an observation e. restating f. clarification g. summarization |
d. sharing an observation
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|
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Between a nurse client relationship these are techniques in communications we should use match the correct technique with the questionBetween a nurse client relationship these are techniques in communications we should use match the correct technique with the question:
This technique is when the nurse uses a segment of what the client has said exactly a. simplicity b. general leads c. open-ended questions d. sharing an observation e. restating f. clarification g. summarization |
e. restating
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Between a nurse client relationship these are techniques in communications we should use match the correct technique with the question:
When a client makes a statement that isn't clear to the nurse we ask for _______. a. simplicity b. general leads c. open-ended questions d. sharing an observation e. restating f. clarification g. summarization |
f. clarification
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|
|
The nurse is interviewing a client. the most effective tehrapeutic technique a nurse can us i in the communication process is
a. general leads b. active listnening c. using open-ended questions d. a professional appearance |
d. professional apperarance
|
|
|
Between a nurse client relationship these are techniques in communications we should use match the correct technique with the question:
This is a helpful way to conclude an interview. The nurse puts together all the ideas developed. a. simplicity b. general leads c. open-ended questions d. sharing an observation e. restating f. clarification g. summarization |
g. summarization
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|
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The use of therapeutic communication by the nurse in patient interaction is primarily done to
a. foster dependence on the nurse b. discuss the client's inner secrets c. allow the client to trust the nurse d. obtain information required for outcom-oriented nursing care. |
b. discuss the clients inner secrets.
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|
|
Between a nurse client relationship these are techniques in communications we should use match the correct technique with the question:
The nurse should interpret medical terms in ways that client and family can understand. a. simplicity b. general leads c. open-ended questions d. sharing an observation e. restating f. clarification g. summarization |
a. simplicity
|
|
|
Is this social or therapeutic relationships:
Self-serving, polite, superficial content, sympathy, lacks clarity/validation, minimal problem solving. |
social
|
|
|
Between a nurse client relationship these are techniques in communications we should use match the correct technique with the question:
These are brief words or phrases to tell the listener that reception is occurring, encouraging the client to communicate further. a. simplicity b. general leads c. open-ended questions d. sharing an observation e. restating f. clarification g. summarization |
b. general leads
|
|
|
Between a nurse client relationship these are techniques in communications we should use match the correct technique with the question:
This type of communications encourages client to elaborate on a subject. You ask who, what, when, where questions to add depth and relevence to the communications a. simplicity b. general leads c. open-ended questions d. sharing an observation e. restating f. clarification g. summarization |
c. open-ended questions
|
|
|
Between a nurse client relationship these are techniques in communications we should use match the correct technique with the question:
To perform this technique, the nurse needs to observe behaviors in the client. Ex. I haven't seen you dring anything today... am I wrong? Used to initiate a convo. a. simplicity b. general leads c. open-ended questions d. sharing an observation e. restating f. clarification g. summarization |
d. sharing an observation
|
|
|
Between a nurse client relationship these are techniques in communications we should use match the correct technique with the questionBetween a nurse client relationship these are techniques in communications we should use match the correct technique with the question:
This technique is when the nurse uses a segment of what the client has said exactly a. simplicity b. general leads c. open-ended questions d. sharing an observation e. restating f. clarification g. summarization |
e. restating
|
|
|
Between a nurse client relationship these are techniques in communications we should use match the correct technique with the question:
When a client makes a statement that isn't clear to the nurse we ask for _______. a. simplicity b. general leads c. open-ended questions d. sharing an observation e. restating f. clarification g. summarization |
f. clarification
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|
|
Between a nurse client relationship these are techniques in communications we should use match the correct technique with the question:
This is a helpful way to conclude an interview. The nurse puts together all the ideas developed. a. simplicity b. general leads c. open-ended questions d. sharing an observation e. restating f. clarification g. summarization |
g. summarization
|
|
|
The use of therapeutic communication by the nurse in patient interaction is primarily done to
a. foster dependence on the nurse b. discuss the client's inner secrets c. allow the client to trust the nurse d. obtain information required for outcom-oriented nursing care. |
b. discuss the clients inner secrets.
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|
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Is this social or therapeutic relationships:
Self-serving, polite, superficial content, sympathy, lacks clarity/validation, minimal problem solving. |
social
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|
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Are these characteristics of social or therapeutic relationships:
Focused on client, respectful, sincere, patient, feelings and emotional content, empathy, clarity/validation essential, effective problem solving/coping, outcomes oriented, confidential |
Therapeutic
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Identifying time wasters
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interruptions, socialization, disorganization, poor communications, meetings, paperwork, perfectionism, procrastination
|
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The process of doing something right is _______
a. efficiency b. effectiveness |
a. efficiency
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The process of doing the right thing right is _____
a. efficiency b. effectiveness |
b. effectiveness
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One of the best methods for increasing effectiveness is to know yourself.
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info
|
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This type of thinking looks at alternative ways. It is comoplex. it is lifelong. It is not a passive process.
|
critical
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This thinking emphasises more on the gerneration fo new and unique ways of concieving information than on the thoughtful analysis of information.
|
creative thinking.
|
|
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Modes of critical
I D E A L |
identify the problem
define the problem explore alternative approaches act on a plan look at the effects. |
|
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What type of influencing factors are these?
Morale development, age, self confidence, emotional intelligence Personal or situational |
personal
|
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What type of influencing factors are these?
kowledge, awareness of resources, motivating factors. personal or situational |
situational
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Which impeding factors is this
dislikes, prejudices, biases, poor communication skills, limitedknowledge, poor learning skills, personal or situational |
personal
|
|
|
anxiety, stress, fatigue, judgemental skills, time limitations
personal or situational |
situational
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This part of the nursing process is breaking down
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analysis
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This is part of the nursing process creating new.
|
synthesis
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This guides us to collect facts in a systematic way, to formulate a hypthesis, and to extend the range of useful knowledge. The goal is to systematize and unify knowledge, and to strive for a professional identity as a unique scientific discipline.
a. nursing theory b. nursing research c. nursing practice |
a. nurisng theory
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|
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This expands ability to use the process,enriches nurisng interventions, suports health promtion/prevention of illness, and provides a common language for updating nurisng dx.
a. nursing theory b. nursing research c. nursing practice |
b. nursing research
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|
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This is the practical application/validation of theory. Tracks outocmes in hteory, suggests questions to be studied, demonstrates quality care, supports hypothesis. Nursing inteventions supported by theoretical rationale.
a. nursing theory b. nursing research c. nursing practice |
c. nurisng practice
|
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Evidenced based care is an approach that realized pathophysiologic reasoning and personal expereiences are necessary but not sufficient for making decisions. this technique emphasizes decision making based on the best available evidence and outcomes studies to guide decisions. Regulatory and accredign agenncies require that practice be based on evidence. There is ethical responsibility to provide evidence based care. Takes into account unique circumstances/preferences. Provides nurses with mechanism to manage vast amounts of new literature, introduces new technology, considres health care costs and increases emphasis on quality care/patient outcomes.
|
info
|
|
|
clinical decision making process is to _____ the problem or concern. ____ the information. ____ goals. ____ strategies, alternative solutions. Implementation and evaluation.
|
identify, obtain, establish, seek
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Clinical decisions involves making judgements, involves values, life experiences, personal perceptions of the issues, risks involved and personal approaches. Decision making is a personal " Learned skill
|
info
|
|
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For the teaching-learnign process to succeed, clients must ____ their nurse , and nurses must ___ the clients ability to learn.
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trust, respect
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This teaching learning process will be more effective and empowering to the client if hte client is included in the planning of ht learning objectives.. this is known as ______ with the learner
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partnering
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This principle of teaching is used and defined as the internal reason/forces that cause a person to initiate and maintain a behavior.
|
motivation
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The nurse is assessing a clients motivation to learn. Which of the following factors could block that clients motivation to learn?
a. severe pain b. successful past experiences c. strong family support system d. a positive attitude. |
a. severe pain
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|
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Leaning style is defined by the manner whereby an individual incorporates new data. This person learns in a singular mode by doing or manipulating new information.. Feeling, touching and manipulation.
a. kinesthetic b. auditory c. visual |
a kinesthetic
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|
|
Leaning style is defined by the manner whereby an individual incorporates new data. This person learns by hearing new information.
a. kinesthetic b. auditory c. visual |
b. auditory
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Leaning style is defined by the manner whereby an individual incorporates new data. This person learns by seeing new ideas.
a. kinesthetic b. auditory c. visual |
c. visual
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Purpose of a being a teacher is for client confidence and independance.
|
info
|
|
|
Goals as a teacher is to prevent illness, promote/restore, facilitate coping/prvent complications
|
info
|
|
|
Teaching materials
|
charts, models, diagrams videotapes, television programs, cds, dvds, an internent
|
|
|
Developmental considerations of client teaching.
This is the science of teaching chidlren and adolescents |
pedagogy
|
|
|
Developmental considerations of client teaching.
this is the stdy of how adults learn |
andragogy
|
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|
Teaching strategies for the clinical settings:
Lecture, discussion, simulation, independent study. Applyin knowledge reading. a. cognitive b. psychomotor c. affective |
a.
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Teaching strategies for the clinical settings:
demonstration/return demonstration, guided practice, independent practice a. cognitive b. psychomotor c. affective |
b. psychomotor
|
|
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Teaching strategies for the clinical settings:
discussion, values clarification, role playing, role modeling simulation a. cognitive b. psychomotor c. affective |
c. affective
|
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The nurse is taking care of a large group of clients in a community care setting. Because of the high influx of new clients, the nurse manager independently decides to make a radical change in the way cliennts are assessed and processed. This type of change is
a. transactional change b. transformational change c. unplanned change d. spontaneous change |
b. transformational change
|
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The nurse is caring for a client in the emergency room after an automobile accident. Although there are no visible signs of injury, the clients HR, BP and RR are elevated. The clients peripheral oxygenation level is 100%, the blood glucose level is slightly elevated, and the client is answering questions appropriately. The nurse knows that this stage of the gneral adaptation sydrome is
a. normal b. alarm reaction c. resistance d. exhaustion |
b. alarm reaction
|
|
|
The nurse is caring for a client who has had a radical mastectomy. The client refuses to look at her operative site and be involved in dressing changes this clients behavior best describes which stage of grieving?
a. depression b. denial c. bargaining d. acceptance |
b. denial
|
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|
the nursing instructor is explaining critical thinking to a new LVN student. The instructor knows the student needs further clarification when the student incorrectly states:
a. critical thinking is acting on how I am feeling about the situation b. critical thinking is looking at all possible options c. critical thinking involves using new technologies to solve problems d. part of critical thinking involves lookin at how age, culture, and backgrounds influence how nurses think |
a.
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