Rn Toxicology: Chapter 19

Front 1

functions of the skin

Back 1

thermal, electrolyte, metabolic hormonal, and immune regulations; protects body from outside insults; surface area 1.5-2m2

Front 2

three largest organs

Back 2

small intestine; lung; skin

Front 3

two major components of the skin

Back 3

epidermis (outer layer) and dermis (underlying layer)

Front 4

stratum corneum

Back 4

prevents water loss

Front 5

degree of uptake depends on

Back 5

solute concentration; time; the amount of skin surface exposed

Front 6

absorption rate two factors

Back 6

hydrophobicity; rate of diffusion

Front 7

as the size of a particle _____ the absorption _____

Back 7

decreases; increases

Front 8

increasing permeability of diffusion

Back 8

foot sole< palm< forehead< abdomen

Front 9

when absorbed through skin, toxicant goes straight to _______

Back 9

blood

Front 10

two major categories of dermatitis

Back 10

irritant and allergic

Front 11

three types of burns

Back 11

superficial (top layer of skin); partial thickness or dermal injury (second layer); full thickness injury (third layer/tissue)

Front 12

chemical burns

Back 12

80% of irritant dermatitis; produced fro strong acids, bases, oxidizing agents, and reducing agents; extremely corrosive can cause third degree

Front 13

allergic contact dermatitis

Back 13

delayed hyersensitive reaction; chemical haptens penettrate the lipied barrier and attach to carrier proteins; contact allergens can elecit reactions at very small doses

Front 14

melanin

Back 14

absorbs a broad range of radiation from UVB 290-320 through visible

Front 15

benefits of electromagnetic radiation

Back 15

production of vitiam D; photo-isomerize bilirubin (a red cell breakdown product)

Front 16

photosensitivity

Back 16

abnormal sensitivity to ultraviolet rats and visible light

Front 17

photodynamic therapy

Back 17

uses high wave light sources to selectively destruct neoplasm

Front 18

psoralens

Back 18

produce phototoxicity without requiring oxygen radicals; form covalent adducts and crosslinks when activated by UVA

Front 19

photoallergy

Back 19

produces allergic response by forming a complete antigen upon absorbing UV or visible light; can bind or conjugate to carrier proteins

Front 20

acene

Back 20

long chain fatty acides can give acne-like responses; petroleum products in workplace can give rise

Front 21

chloracne

Back 21

caused by halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons; most disfiguring form of acne

Front 22

depigmentation

Back 22

helps protect skin from harmful effects of UV light by producing insoluble polymeric pigment melanin

Front 23

urticaria

Back 23

hives; hypersensitivity reactions driven by releases of histamine and other vaseoactive substances; exposure to plant or animal proteins; handling food, plants, or animal products

Front 24

skin cancer

Back 24

most common neoplasm; major cuase is sunlight; highest in pale complexioned whites

Front 25

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Back 25

skin carcinogens; metabolized by P450; perturb cell function if not removed