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147 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
(EI)
Health and Safety Management Systems
HSG 65

Policy

Organising

Planning & Implementing

Measuring Performance

Reviewing Performance

Auditing
Systematic Approach to Management
Often linked to the PDCA cycle:

Plan

Do

Check

Act
What does organising look to create?
A positive safety culture by focusing on the four C's

Co-operation

Communication

Competence

Control
Planning and Implementing Overview
Detailed arrangements for the management of H&S.

Central to this idea:

Concept of risk assessment

Identification & Implementation of safe systems of work & protective measures

Emergency Procedures

Accident Reporting & Investigation

Permit to work systems

Use of PPE
Measuring Performance Overview
Acive Performance Measurement

Reactive Performance Measurement
Active Performance Measurement
Usually involves undertaking some sort of inspection or check to ensure standards been met in organisation.

Failures can be corrected before accident or ill health occurs.
Reactive Performance Measurement
Examination of accident or ill health statistics for trends or patterns

OR

Carrying out accident investigations to learn lessons from single event
Reviewing Performance
A mechanism should be put in place for the routine review of H&S performance.

Mechanism should allows for changes to be made to the management system with view to continuous improvement.
Auditing
Arrangements should be made for the inependant, systematic & critical examination of the safety management system to ensure all the parts are working acceptably well

This element concerned with the interna/and or external examination of the management system
Seeking objective evedence of compliance/conformance of standards set or recognised in the safety policy.

Can be used to provide information for the review mechanism.
which in turn feed back to other elements in the management system
Policy (key information)
Sets out organisation's:

Aims with regard to H&S

Who is resposible for acieving these aims

How aims are to be acieved

Policy has a roll in decision making of:

Senior management who formulate it.

Middle and junior management who are required to implement it.

Legal requirement under HSWA 2(3) where empoyer has 5 or more employees.
Policy Benefits
Sets out organisations general approach & commitment to achieving particular aims & objectives.

Provides framework of general & specific H&S resposibilities for staff

Guidace on the detailed operational arrangements to be taken to protect employees & others from harm as a result of workplace activities
How Does Policy Influence Decision Making? (1)
Seniour Management have to decide what type of H&S standards they are committing to.then have to allocate resources accordingly
How Does Policy influence Decision Making in Organisation (2)
Other managers have to ensure their decisions are in line with policy

Does not work against organisation's stated objectives
Policy Legal Requirement
HSWA 2(3)

MHSWR reg 5
HSWA 2(3)
Requires employer to prepare a written H&S policy that will include:

General state of policy & the organisation & arrangements for carrying it out,

Revised as necessary

Brought to attention of employees
MHSWR reg 5
Requires employer to make ARRANGEMENTS for effective:

Planning,
Organisation,
Control,
Monitoring &
Review of protective & preventative measures

Must be recorded where there are 5 or more employees
General Statement of Entent
The organisation's philoshopy in relation to the management of H&S
Organisation Section of Policy
Indicates chain of command for H&S management and identifies roles & responsibilities
Arrangements Section Policy
Outlines the arrangements that exist for the effective management for H&S in general terms:

How risk assessments are carried out

Also the management of specific issues e.g.
Arrangements for ensuring the safety of visitors
General statement of intent
Overall approach to H&S management.

Aims in terms of performance.

Commit to legal compliance

In many cases, commitment will be to achieving higher standard than that set by law

Will usually recognise managers & workers at all levels, have part to play in implementing policy & will state very clearly that everyone must comply with policy & breaches may be disciplinary offences

Signed by person at top

Dated to indicate when current statement was prepared & provide reference point for review
Statement of Intent Objectives
May recognise some general objectives that have to be achieved by organisation:

Meeting legal obligations

Provision of safe workplace

Safe equipment

Safe systems of work

Information, instruction, training & supervision

Risk assessment of all relevant workplace activities.

Performance monitoring

Provision of adequate resources such as expert H&S advice.

Effective communication & consultation with workers
Statement of intent (targets)
May also set targets
They allow for performance to be measured
Provide goal for staff to aim for
Help drive continual improvement
Statement of intent (possible targets)
Accident rates:
To achieve reduction in accident or bad health rates

Targets may be set in relation to:
Past performance
Other similar organisations
Industry as whole (benchmarking)

Active monitoring:

To co
Complete successfully number of active monitoring activities e.g. Successful completion of 90 percent of all supervisor inspections over a year
Policy (Organisation)
Standard practice to show organisational chart with lines of responsibility & accountability (H&S management)
Also shows lines of communication & feedback routes in organisation.
Policy (arrangements)
Carrying out RIsk Assessments.
Identifying & supplying H&S information, instruction & training.
Compliance monitoring including auditing
Accident & near miss reporting, recording & investigation.
Consultation with workers on H&S matters.
Developing safe systems of work & permit to work systems.
Carrying out specialist risk assessments e.g. Hazardous Substances.
Emergency procedures & first aid provision
Arrangements (specific risks & problems)
Examples:

Lone working

Housekeeping

Noise exposure control

Vibration exposure control

Control of exposure to toxic materials

Fire safety & prevention

Control of contractors

Control of transport risks
Reviewing Policy
Should remain current & relevant (live document)
Good practice review e.g. annually

Other circumstances:

Changes to key personnel e.g. CEO/MD

Change in management structure

Management take over

Changes in type of work firm does

Recommended by safety audit

Requested by 3rd party e.g. Insurance co or client

Date of previous review recorded to indicate how current they are
Organising (key points)
Directors/Senior Managers have duty to ensure organisation meets legal obligations.

Must demonstrate clear commitment to H&S by:

Allocating adequate resources

Defining roles & responsibilities

Appointing a champion at board level

Appointing competent advisers

Reviewing performance at board level
INDG117 (plan)
Provides guidance to directors & senior managers in organisations of all sizes
Highlights 4 key areas of action:

Plan;
By establishing H&S policy that is integral part of organisation's culture with board members taking active lead in promoting H&S throughout organisation
INDG117 (deliver)
Deliver policy through effective management system that ensures risks are dealt with:

Sensibly

Responsibly

Proportionately

This links to HSG65
Leading Health and Safety at work
INDG117
INDG117
Monitor

To provide board with reports of performance of their policy
INDG117 (Review)
Review performance to allow board to establish whether the management system is effective in managing risks & protecting people
Demonstrating Top Management Commitment (resources)
Can demonstrate commitment through strategic thinking by:

Ensuring resources available so management system established, implemented, maintained
Demonstrated Top Management Commitment (roles & responsibilities)
Defining roles & responsibilities so that line management responsibility & accountability for H&S is clear
Demonstrating Top Management Commitment (appointing a member of top management)
Appointing a member of top management with specific responsibility for H&S so that it is "championed" at board level.
Demonstrating Top Management Commitment (competent persons)
Appointing one or more competetent persons & adequate resources to provide assistance in meeting organisation's H&S obligations
Demonstrating Top Management Commitment (reviewing)
Reviewing performance at board level, perhaps annually
Organising (safety culture defined)
The wall all people in organisation think & feel about H&S & how this translates into behaviour

Can be defined as shared:

Attitudes

Values

Beliefs

Behaviours

All relating to H&S
Organising (safety culture & H&S performance)
Strong link safety culture & H&S performance

Strong positive culture = good performance

Weak negative culture = poor performance
Organising (assessing a safety culture)
Assessed by looking at indicators:

accidents

Sickness rates

Absenteeism

Staff turnover

Compliance with rules

Worker complaints
Organising (peer groups)
Workers influenced by peers

People around them at work who do not have any direct authority over them.

Peer group pressure:

Occurs indirectly by social interaction

Can have a significant effect on behaviour

Influence of peer group pressure is good indicator of safety culture.
Organisation (safety culture defined)
Shared:
Attitudes

Values

Beliefs

Behaviours

All relating to H&S
Organisation The Correlation Between Culture and Performance
(positive culture)
Majority workers think H&S important

Strong policy & clear leadership from top. As senior management have this attitude & it runs through the whole organisation.

Everyone works safely because they want to.

People who don't share view are in minority & are likely to come round to the group way of thinking because the culture is normally absorbed, or leave.
Organising Negative Safety Culture
Majority don't think it's important

Lack of direction & leadership from senior management. They let other priorities dictate

Workers behave unsafely, often because they don't know any better.

Safety conscious workers in minority & likely to come round to group way of thinking & acting or leave because they dont feel safe.

Low standards

Behaviour poor

Accidents may occur as result
Organising:
Indicators used to access culture
Difficult to measure directly.
(it's how people think and feel, their attitudes, beliefs & priorities)

Better to look at tangible outputs (indicators)
Organising:

Indicators Used to Access Culture
(indicator types)
Accidents:

e.g. Num accidents per 100,000 hrs worked

Compare with previous years.

+ ~ for result = safety culture

Benchmarking
Organising Safety Culture (benchmarking)
An accident rate higher than national average may be seen as an indicator of negative safety culture
Safety Culture (accident investigation)
Positive culture = Time & effort investigation, detailed report & follow up action to prevent recurrence
Safety Culture (indicators)
Accidents

Sickness Rates

Absenteeism

Staff Turnover

Compliance with safety rules

Complaints about working conditions
Culture (complaints about working conditions)
Positive = encouraged but few
Human Factors Influencing Safety Related Behaviour (key points)
The organisation

The job

The individual
Safety Related Behaviour (organisational factors)
Safety Culture

Policies & Procedures

Commitment & Leadership

Levels of Supervision

Peer Group Pressure

Consultation & Worker Involvement

Communication

Training

Work Patterns
Safety Related Behaviour (job factors)
Task
Workload
Environment
Display & Controls
Procedures



Environment

Display & Controls
Safety Related Behaviour (individual factors)
Attitude e.g. Towards a machine guard.

Competence (able to perform to acceptable standard & aware of limitations).

Motivation (why they do what they do e.g. taking a short cut).

Risk perception (the way a person interprets information given by senses).
Risk Perception (factors that distort a person's perception of hazards and risk).
Bad health

Stress

Fatigue

Drugs & Alcohol

Previous experiences

Training & Education
Improving H&S Behaviour
Clear Commitment by Management & Visible Leadership

Competent Staff

Communication of Safety Behaviour
(written, verbal or graphic)

Notice Boards Toolbox talks etc

Employers have a legal duty to consult with employees on H&S.

Consultation subject to 2 sets regulations (unionised/non unionised).

H&S Committee

Training
Management visible commitment
Behaving safely

Involvement in day to day H&S management e.g. Attending safety meetings.

Taking part safety audits or tours.

Promoting changes to improve H&S.

Enforcing company H&S Rules
Management visible commitment
Behaving safely

Involvement in day to day H&S management e.g. Attending safety meetings.

Taking part safety audits or tours.

Promoting changes to improve H&S.

Enforcing company H&S Rules
Competent Person
Sufficient training, knowledge and other abilities/skills to be able to carry out work safely & without risk to health.
Competent Person & the Employer
It's the employers responsibility to ensure workers are competent to carry out the tasks they have been allocated. The more competent the worker, the mote able they will be able to do the job safely.
Competent Managers
They should be competent.
Have understanding of the implications of the decisions they make on day to day basis.

Don't have to be able to drive a forklift but be able to spot good/bad behaviour.
Communication Definition
Process of delivering information from sender to recipient. To be truly effective the correct information has to be transmitted, received & understood.
Verbal Communication Strengths
Personal

Quick

Direct

Allows for checking of understanding.

Allows feedback to be given.

Allows for exchange of views.

Additional information transmitted by tone of voice facial expression body language.
Verbal Communication Weaknesses
Language Barrier

Jargon may not be understood

Strong accent or dialect

Background noise

Poor hearing

Message may be ambiguous

Missed information

Information forgotten

No written record

Poor transmission PA/Phone
Written Communication Strengths
Permanent Record

Can be referred back to

Can be written carefully to avoid use of jargon, abbreviations & ambiguity

Distributed to wide audience cheaply
Written Communication Limitations
Indirect

Time to write

May contain jargon/abbreviations

Can be impersonal

Message may be ambiguous

May not be read

Language barrier

Person may not be able to read

No immediate feedback

Questions cannot be asked

Impaired vision
Graphic communication merits
Eye Catching

Visual

Quick to interpret

No language barrier

Jargon free

Conveys message to wide audience
Graphic Communication Limitations
Can only convey simple messages.

Expensive to buy or produce.

May not be looked at.

Symbols or pictograms mat be unknown to the recipient.

No immediate feedback available.

Questions cannor be asked.

Recipient may have impaired visuion.
Broacasting Methods
A mix of them is best
Notice Board Content
Eye catching & located in areas used by all workers.

Current, relevant & tidy.

Safety Policy

Employers Liability Insurance

Emergency Procedures

ID of safety reps

ID first aiders

Minutes of safety commitee meetings.

Accident statistics etc
H&S Law Poster
Legal Requirement

Health and Safety (Information for employees) Regulations 1989

Home workers provided with a leaflet instead.
Posters and Videos
Used to provide safety information

Drawing attention to particular issues

Supports safety culture
Advantages of posters
Graphic so avoiding language barrier.

Can be eye catching & generate interest

Low cost

Can reinforce key messages
Disadvantages of Posters
Can quickly become part of the surrondings.

May be defaced

Can trivialise important issues

Rely on recipient interpreting correct message from the image
Toolbox Talks
Short, practical safety briefings.

Carried out routinely in the workplace.

Often presented by supervisor at start of shift.

Can be useful for generating awareness and discussion on safey precautions.

Seen as dull or a wate of time if topics are irrelevant or poorly presented
Memos and emails
written notifications used to provide specific information about a single issue e.g.

Updating procedures

Drawing attention to lapses in practice etc

No opportunity for feedback or questioning.

Use limited to issuing clear & precise instructions or information.
Employee Handbooks
Used to set out H&S Policy.

All employees should be given a copy upon joining.

Updates on changes usually circulated.

Key document.

Site rules

Reporting procedures

Emergency arrangements

Standard practice to issue to new emloyees & obtain reciept as proof of issue.
Co-operation & Consultation
If dictated to, workers will feel little ownership.

May feel resentful towards instructions imposed from on high.

May start to oppose safety initiatives & improvements.

This creates a negative culture & negative behaviour.
Co-operation and Consultation (avoiding negativity)
The most effective way to:

Actively encourage interest.

Ownership.

Is to involve workers in the decision making process.

This is done through consultation process.
Consultation with Employees
Legal Duty

Defined by 2 sets of regs:

Safety Representatives and Safety Committee Regulations 1977

Health and Safety (Consultation with Employees) Regulations 1996
Consulting Definition
Two way exchange of information & opinion between employer & workers.

Best course of action can be agreed.

This implies employer listens to concerns of workers & changes plans as necessary.
Consulting Definition
Two way exchange of information & opinion between employer & workers.

Best course of action can be agreed.

This implies employer listens to concerns of workers & changes plans as necessary.
Informing Definition
Providing information to workers inform they can understand.

Then checking it has been understood.

Information flow is one way

Employer does not have to take any notice of feedback.
Informing Definition
Providing information to workers inform they can understand.

Then checking it has been understood.

Information flow is one way

Employer does not have to take any notice of feedback.
Appropriate Consultation
Does not have to consult on everything but appropriate would be:

Introduction of measures affecting the H&S of workers

Appointment of safety advisors & specialists.

H&S training plans.

Introduction of new technology in the workplace that will affect H&S
Safety Reps Rights and Entitlements
Carry out an inspection of the workplace (at least once every 3 months).

Examine the causes of accidents.

Examine & copy records/documents relating to H&S

Examine the causes of accidents.

Receive information from HSE inspectors

Investigate complaints about H&S

Make representations to employer.

Be consulted on H&S matters.

Time off with pay to perform their functions.

Time off with pay for appropriate training.

Reasonable facilities to perform their functions
Rights of Reps Withheld
Reps appeal to tribunal.

Decision of employer scrutinised.

Safety reps are given protection from being discriminated against by other employment law

They do not have civil or criminal liability for H&S standards in the workplace.
Rights of Reps Withheld
Reps appeal to tribunal.

Decision of employer scrutinised.

Safety reps are given protection from being discriminated against by other employment law

They do not have civil or criminal liability for H&S standards in the workplace.
Representatives of Employee Safety
Health and Safety (Consultation with Employees) Regulations 1996

Employer does not recognise Trade Union for bargaining purposes.

Can choose to consult with employees directly or through elected reps.

If he chooses reps, they are called:

Representatives of Employee Safety (RoES
Rights of RoES
Similar to Reps but:

Not entitled to carry out inspection of workplace.

Not entitled to investigate causes of accidents.

Can do so with employers permission but not legally entitled to do so
Safety Committee (Union)
Safety Representatives and Safety Commitee Regulations 1977

Employer obliged to establish a safety committee when requested to do so by 2 or more reps in writing.

Employer must comply within 3 months.
Safety Committee (non union)
Health and Safety (Consultation with Employees) Regulations 1996

Employer not obliged to set up committee as union workplace does.

But since employer is obliged to consult with RoES under these regs, it is the usual route.
Safety Committee Composition
Agreed between employer & representatives.

Possible Members:

Worker safety representatives.

one or more operational managers with authority.

Safety adviser

Occupational health nurse or doctor.

Facilities manager.

Human resources manager.

Training manager.
Policy Arrangements for Committee
Following issues should be taken into account:
Who is on committee?

How often will it meet?

Chairperson?

What authority?

What discussed?

How recorded?

Follow up?
Who is on committee?
Balance between managers & workers plus right managers
How often will Committee meet?
Should be regular enough to be useful e.g. monthly
Chairperson of Committee?
Need someone in charge so everyone can speak
What authority Committee?
Must be able to make decisions. Usually has 1 or more senior managers with executive authority
What discussed on Committee?
Usually published agenda
How is Committee meeting recorded?
Minutes usually go to notice boards
Follow up of Committee meeting?
Agreed action recorded in minutes with name of person responsible & deadline. Action plan reviewed at next meeting to check its been done.
Policy Arrangements for Committee
Following issues should be taken into account:
Who is on committee?

How often will it meet?

Chairperson?

What authority?

What discussed?

How recorded?

Follow up?
Who is on committee?
Balance between managers & workers plus right managers
How often will Committee meet?
Should be regular enough to be useful e.g. monthly
Chairperson of Committee?
Need someone in charge so everyone can speak
What authority Committee?
Must be able to make decisions. Usually has 1 or more senior managers with executive authority
What discussed on Committee?
Usually published agenda
How is Committee meeting recorded?
Minutes usually go to notice boards
Follow up of Committee meeting?
Agreed action recorded in minutes with name of person responsible & deadline. Action plan reviewed at next meeting to check its been done.
Functions of Safety Committee
Studying accident & disease statistics.

Examining safety audit reports.

Considering reports & information from HSE.

Considering reports submitted by safety reps.

Assisting in the development of policy & procedures.

Monitoring the effectiveness of training.

Monitoring the effectiveness of safety communications.
Training
In the context of H&S:

Planned

Formal process

Of acquiring & practicing knowledge & skills in a relatively safe environment.
Effect of Training
Central to Management of H&S

Employers have responsibility to train staff to carry out jobs in safe manner.

Key component of competence.

Absence of training = difficult to develop or demonstrate competence.

Statute law in many countries requires employer provides appropriate training for workers.
The Effect of Training
Central to the management of H&S

Employers have a responsiblity to train so workers carry out jobs
safely.
Requirement of Training
Has dramatic effect on safely related behaviour.

Without it workers try to work to best of ability but do so either copying others or by how they think best.
After training the worker will understand what?
Hazards & risks inherent in their work.

Correct rules & precautions to apply.

Foreseeable emergencies & actions to take.

Limitations & restrictions that apply to their work.
Training opportunities
Various circumstances require provision:

New employees induction;

Firms H&S policy

Fire & other emergency procedures

First aid facilities & personnel

Location of welfare facilities

Safe movement

Accident & incident reporting procedures.

Worker consultation arrangements

General safety rules e.g. No smoking areas.

PPE Requirements

Intro to safe systems of work & permit systems.

Intro to risk assessment system.
Training (job change)
Additional training e.g.

Health care worker changing from being hospital based to going to people's homes.

Needs training in lone working.
Training (procees change)
When way work is done changes, new hazards & risks.

e.g. new product on existing piece of machinery..

May need training on new operating procedure.
Training (new technology)
New hazards/risks workers may be unfamiliar with

e.g. introduction of computer screens.

Training on hazards associated with DSE & correct layout & use of workstation now standard practice in mant workplaces.
Training (new legislation)
Changes to law governing a particular H&S issue often creates need to train workers on implications of new legislation.

Perhaps because working practices have to change.

Perhaps to ensure understanding of law & its requirements.
Emergency Procedures (incidents)
Fire

Bomb Threat

Chemical Spill

Release of Toxic Gas

Outbreak of Disease

Severe Weather or Flooding

Multiple Casualty Accident

These will vary depending on e.g. type of organisation & location.
Emergency Procedures (importance)
Despite controls introduced, things can still go wrong.

Accidents & incidents do happen.

When they do, It is critical that firm has emergency procedures that can be brought into effect without delay.

Otherwise there may be a poor or inapropriate response that makes things worse rather than better.
(EI)
Emergency Response (arrangements)
Included are:

Procedures to be Followed

Provision of Suitable Equipment

Nomination of Responsible Staff

Provision of Training & information

Drills & exercises

Contacting emergency services
Emergency Response (procedures to be followed)
Fire = exit using signed escape routes & assemble at designated place.

Bomb = opposite
Go to room inside away from windows & external walls.
Emergency Procedures (Provision of suitable equipment)
Chemical spill:
Absorbant granuals or booms.
PPE

Toxic Gas:

RPE
Emergency Procedures (nomination of responsible staff)
Fire:

Fire Wardens or Marshals to check everyone is aware of evacuation.

Fire Team:

Check area where fire is suspected to be.
Emergency Procedures (provision of training & information)
So workers know what do do should event occur.

Nominated individuals will require additional training on their roles & safe handling of equipment e.g. PPE.

Members of public may require info on emergency procedures that may be given by notices or public address system
Emergency Procedures (drills and exercises)
Should be practiced so people are familiar with actions they may be required to take.

Responses then become automatic.

Examples:

Fire Evacuation

Multiple Casualty Exercises
Arrangements for Contacting Emergency Services
There should be appropriate arrangements in place:

Communication Equipment.

Contact details.

Responsible Individuals.
Arrangements for Contacting Emergency Services (communication equipment)
Land-line

Mobile Phones

Satellite Phones

VHF Radio

More remote location = more difficult.
Arrangements for Contacting Emergency Services (contact details)
Local/national emergency service numbers

May also involve international medical evacuation as well
Arrangements for Contacting Emergency Services (responsible individuals)
Responsible individuals with necessary information & knowledge nominated to make call.

In many cases, emergency services can provide more effective response if given critical information quickly.
First Aid (key information)
Employer must make appropriate first-aid provision

Includes:
First-aid facilities & equipment

Appropriately trained personnel

Must inform employees of these arrangements

Employer will have to undertake assessment which should consider various factors:

Hazards/risks inherent in work

Number of workers

Work Patterns

Geographic Location

Spread of Workplace
First-aid (purpose)
The three p's

Preserve Life

Prevent Deterioration

Promote Recovery

Also concerns the treatment of minor injuries that do not require professional treatment
(EI)

First-aid Requirements
Health and Safety (First-Aid) Regulations 1981

Provision = three elements:

Facilities

Equipment

Personnel

Employer must notify staff of these arrangements & in particular the identity of trained first-aid personnel.
First-aid Facilities
Minimum = room that can be converted into treatment area.
Larger workplace = dedicated treatment room.
First-aid Treatment Room
Centrally located in an area that can be accessed by emergency services.

Clean


Adequately Ventilated

Adequately Heated

Adequately Lit

Hand wash facilities

Chair

Clinical Waste Bin
First-aid Equipment (small, low risk workplace)
Minimum = Fully stocked first-aid kit
First-aid Equipment (large, high risk workplace)
Multiple first-aid kits at various locations.

Eye-wash Stations

Emergency Showers

Blankets

Splints

Resusitation Equipment

Stretchers

Wheelchairs

Other equipment as required
Contents of First-aid Kit
Covered by ACoP & guidance to regulations

Small travelling kits can be provided for drivers & lone workers.
First-Aiders and Appointed Persons
Minimum Provision = person able to take charge & call emergency services.
(May need to be trained in basic emergency aid & how to contact services.

Most workplaces, Should be trained to higher standard so considered "first-aiders"

The number depends on various factors.
First-Aiders Training
Normally be to standard HSE first-aid at work course syllabus.

HSE approved training centre.

Certain cases, additional training on specific matters relating to workplace might be provided

Refresher training is mandatory for first-aiders as skills fade over time through lack of practice.
(required after 3 years from initial certification)
First-Aid Coverage
Employer should undertake assessment in order to determine what facilities, equipment & trained personnel to provide.

Should be adequate cover on all shifts (weekend, morning, afternoon, nights adequately provided for).
Factors to Consider When Deciding First-Aid Provision
General risk level of the workplace.

Hazards

Accident history

Presence of vunerable persons

Number of workers

Work patterns & shift systems

Geographical location

Spread of workplace

If remote location, must be much more self reliant.
(EI)
Purpose and Importance of a Health and Safety Policy
Important document

Sets out organisations H&S aims

Who is responsible for achieving aims

How aims to be achieved

Has role in decision making of:

Senior management who formulate it

Middle & junior management who implement it

Legal requirement HSWA 2(3)
where five or more employees
(EI)
Key features of Health and Safety Policy
Presented in 3 parts
SOI outlines importance that firm places on H&S.
Commitment to be expected.
Sets aims & objectives.
Signed by person in overall control.
Organisation section:
Highlights roles & responsibilities at all levels.
Lines of responsibility & accountability.
Arrangements:
How firm manages H&S
General arrangements relating to H&S management.
Specific arrangements relating to individual H&S topics & issues.
Reviewed to stay current/relevant