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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is this an example of?
What syndrome is it associated with? |
Oval Fat Body Cast (aka. Maltese Cross)
Nephrotic Syndrome
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What pathology is demonstrated here?
What syndrome is it associated with? |
Tubular Protein Reabsorption Droplets
Nephrotic Syndrome |
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What disease is this most commonly associated with? |
Minimal Change Disease |
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What is this an example of (stain and pathology)?
What disease is it associated with? |
Oil Red O Stain showing Lipid in Tubules
Associated with Minimal Change Disease |
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What pathology can be seen here?
If proteinuria > 3.5 g/24 hrs, what disease is it associated with? |
Bubbly appearing lipids & pink hyaline on left, area of collapse of the basement membrane
NephrOtic Syndrome - Focual Segmental Glomerulosclerosis |
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Which disease is the most common cause of Nephrotic Syndrome in African Americans?
Which variant of this disease has a particularly poor prognosis and is predominantly seen in African Americans? |
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
Collapsing Glomerulopathy |
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Which disease that produces Nephrotic Syndrome is associated with IgM? |
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis |
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What disease is associated with this image?
What group is it most commonly seen in? |
Collapsing Glomerulopathy
African Americans |
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What disease is the most common cause of Nephrotic Syndrome in children?
Which gender is more commonly affected by this disease? |
Minimal Change Disease
Males |
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What disease is the most common cause of Nephrotic Syndrome in adults worldwide?
What age has the greatest incidence of this disease?
Which gender is more commonly affected by this disease |
Membranous Glomerulopathy/ Glomerulonephritis (MG)
40-60 yo
Males |
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What disease should you think of when the term "spikes" is used to describe the pathology? |
Membranous Glomerulopathy/ Glomerulonephritis (MG) |
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What pathological characteristics are seen here?
If proteinuria > 3.5 g/24 hrs, what disease is this associated with? |
Thickened capillary walls & basement membrane
NephrOtic Syndrome- Membranous Glomerulopathy/ Glomerulonephritis (MG) |
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What pathology is seen here on EM?
What disease is this pathoneumonic for? |
"spike" or "spike and dome"
NephrOtic Syndrome- Membranous Glomerulopathy/ Glomerulonephritis (MG) |
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What pathology is seen here with silver stain?
What disease is this pathoneumonic for? |
"spikes"
NephrOtic Syndrome- Membranous Glomerulopathy/ Glomerulonephritis (MG) |
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What pathology is seen here on EM?
What disease is this pathoneumonic for? |
"spike" or "spike and dome"
NephrOtic Syndrome- Membranous Glomerulopathy/ Glomerulonephritis (MG) |
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Which of the diseases that cause Nephrotic Syndrome are associated with IgG? |
Membranous Glomerulopathy/ Glomerulonephritis (MG) |
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What is the most common cause of secondary nephrotic syndrome in adults? |
Diabetes Glomerulosclerosis |
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What pathology is seen here?
If proteinuria > 3.5 g/24 hrs, what disease is associated with this and what other disease has a similar appearance?
What stage of the disease? |
Glomerular Hypertrophy with thickening of the Basement Membrane
Nephrotic Syndrome- Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis (similar to Membranous but without immune complexes causing it)
Early Stage |
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What pathology is seen here?
If proteinuria > 3.5 g/ 24 hrs, what disease is associated with this?
What stage of the disease? |
Diffuse glomerular hypertrophy, thickening of the basement membrane, thickening of the capillary walls
Nephrotic Syndrome- Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis
Late Stage |
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What pathological finding shown here by the arrows are highly indicative of the underlying disease?
What is the disease? |
Nodular Mesangial Matrix Accumulations (Kimmelstiel-WIlson Nodules, aka. Nodular Glomerularsclerosis) is pathoneumonic
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis |
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What pathology is seen here? If patient complains of tea colored urine and urinalysis shows nephritic sediment, what specific disease is it associated with? |
Mesangial and endocapillary proliferation Infiltrating Leukocytes Intra-glomerular neutrophils
Nephritic Syndrome- Acute Post Infectious Glomerulonephritis |
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In which nephritic disease are IgG and C3 initially seen? |
Acute Post Infectious Glomerulonephritis |
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In which nephritic disease does C3 dominate late in the course? |
Post Infectious Glomerulonephritis |
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What pathological feature is seen here on EM?
What disease is this pathoneumonic for? |
Subendothelial humps
Post Infectious Glomerulonephritis |
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What pattern is seen here on immunofluorescence? What causes it?
What disease is this pattern pathoneumonic for? |
Granlular Pattern that is characteristically described as "lumpy-bumpy" or "starry sky"
Results from deposition of immune complexes (IgG and C3 early in disease, C3 later in disease) in the subendothelium
Post Infectious Glomerulonephritis |
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What is the most common cause of recurrent or persistent hematuria? |
IgA Nephropathy ( aka. Berger's Disease) |
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Where are immune deposits present in IgA nephropathy? |
Mesangium Dermal Vessels |
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What disease is characterized by hematuria (either gross or microscopic), elevated serum IgA levels, skin purpura, arthralgias, and abdominal pain?
What age group is this disease most common in? |
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (a more severe form of IgA glomerular disease)
Most prevalent in pediatric population |
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What type of nephritis commonly affects individuals 7-30 years old? |
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis Type I |
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What type of nephritis is commonly associated with a preceding upper respiratory infection? |
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis Type I |
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What pathologic features are seen in this image?
If nephritic sedimentation is present, what disease is this most likely to be associated with? |
Thickened Capillary Walls Hypercellular Glomeruli Interpositioning of cytoplasm internal to basement membrane
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis Type I |
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What pathoneumonic pathological feature can be seen in this image? What disease is it associated with? |
"Train tracks" - presence of 2 basement membranes with immune complexes sandwiched between - can be seen and are pathoneumonic
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis Type I |
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What pattern is seen in this immunofluorescent image?
What syndrome(s) and disease(s) is it associated with? |
Granular Pattern
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis Type I |
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What pattern is seen here on EM that is pathoneumonic?
What syndrome and disease is it associated with? |
"ribbon like" bands within the basement membranes in the glomeruli, Bowman's Capsule, and tubules
Dense Deposit Disease (aka. DDD or Membranoproliferative Type II) |
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What pattern is seen here that is pathoneumonic?
What syndrome and disease is it associated with? |
"ribbon like" eosinophillic Bands
Dense Deposit Disease (aka. DDD or Membranoproliferative Type II) |
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Which type of nephritis is associated with MGUS? |
Dense Deposit Disease (aka. DDD or Membranoproliferative Type II) |
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Which type of nephritis is associated with acquired partial lipodystrophy? |
Dense Deposit Disease (aka. DDD or Membranoproliferative Type II) |
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What disease is characterized by pulmonary hemorrhage and crescentic glomerulonephritis?
What antibody is associated with this disease? |
Goodpasture Disease
Anti-GBM |
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What disease is associated with anti-GBM and crescentic glomerulonephritis without pulmonary hemorrhage? |
Anti-GBM Disease |
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What key pathologic findings are shown here?
What is the differential diagnosis for this patient if all you know is that they came in RBC casts in their urine? |
Crescent Formation (Crescentic GN) Fibrinogen in Bowman's space Extravasated RBCs into Bowman's space
Dd(x): Anti-GBM Glomerulonephritis or Goodpasture Disease |
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What disease is associated with Hodgkins Lymphoma? |
Minimal Change Disease |
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What syndrome and disease is associated with HIV? |
Nephrotic Disease Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) |
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What syndrome and disease is associated with IV drug abuse? |
Nephrotic Disease Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) |
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What syndrome and disease is associated with Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C? |
Nephrotic Disease Membranous Glomerulonephropathy/ Glomerulonephritis |
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What class of medication is used in Diabetes Mellitis to slow progression of Diabetic Nephropathy? |
ACE inhibitors |
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What pattern is seen on immunofluorescence?
What is this pattern pathoneumonic of? |
Linear Pattern
Goodpasture Syndrome |
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What pathological finding is indicated by the arrow?
Which type of nephrotic syndrome is this?
What in this image is pathoneumonic for the disease? |
Capsular drip lesion
Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis
Hyaline arteriosclerosis of afferent and efferent arterioles is pathoneumonic for Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis |
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What pathology is indicated by the arrow?
What disease is this most commonly associated with? What other disease may it be present in? |
Tubulo-reticular structure in endothelial cells
Most commonly associated with SLE Glomerulonephritis May also be seen in HIV infection |
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If nephritic sediment is present, what disease is associated with the following progression shown clockwise from early to late stage? |
Lupus Nephritis |
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What pathologic changes are demonstrated in this image?
If nephritic sediment is present what disease is it associated with? |
Solid portion at center of capillary tuft due to subendothelial deposits causing an influx of macrophages and neutrophils
Lupus Nephritis --- Focal Proliferative Glomerulonephritis stage of disease is demonstrated |
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What pathologic changes are demonstrated in this image?
If nephritic sediment is present, what disease is it associated with? |
Solid appearance of the glomerular tuft due to subendothelial deposits causing an influx of macrophages and neutrophils
Lupus Nephritis --- Diffuse Proliferative Glomerulonephritis stage of disease is demonstrated (This is the stage at which the disease is most frequently seen) |
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What pathologic changes are demonstrated in this image?
If nephritic sediment is present, what disease is it associated with? |
Immune complex deposition in the subendothelial capillaries (complexes have overwhelmed mesangial cells in the bottom half of the image and at the very top)
Lupus Nephritis |
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In what disease is hematuria (either gross or microscopic) associated with a simultaneous upper respiratory or GI tract infection? |
IgA Nephropathy |
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If patient presents with deafness and hematuria, what diagnosis should you be thinking about? |
Alport Syndrome |
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What molecules stain on immunoflorescence in Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)? |
IgM andC3 |
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In which nephrOtic disease are IgG and C3 seen on immunofluorescence? |
Membranous Glomerulopathy/ Glomerulonephritis (MG) |
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What molecules can be seen on immunofluorescence in Membranous Glomerulopathy/ Glomerulonephritis? |
IgG and C3 |
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If a patient presents with hematuria and C3 is low, what is the most likely diagnosis? |
Post-Infectious Glomerulonephritis |
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What lab abnormality would you expect to find in Post-Infectious Glomerulonephritis in addition to an elevated BUN and nephritic sediment on urinalysis? |
Serum C3 (complement) is low |
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What lab abnormality may be present in a patient presenting with hematuria due to IgA Nephropathy/ Nephritis (Berger Disease)? |
Serum IgA levels elevated Immune complexes containing IgA IgA bearing lymphocytes |
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What is the pathogenesis of Anti-GBM disease and Goodpasture Disease (what is the underlying cause)? |
Autoimmune disease where antibody to type IV collage is produced |
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What pathology can be seen here? What pathologic finding is seen that is characteristic of this disease?
What disease is the most likely diagnosis? |
Deposition of immune complexes have overwhelmed the mesangial cells Characteristic wire loop
Lupus Nephritis |
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What disease are high levels of interferon associated with? |
SLE |
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What is the most common form of glomerulonephritis worldwide? |
IgA |
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Which diseases present with low serum complement? |
Post-infectious Glomerulonephritis Lupus Nephritis Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis |
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How does the liver respond to nephrotic syndrome?
What lab abnormalities might be seen in nephrotic syndrome related to this? |
↑ synthesis of proatherogenic lipids & ↓ synthesis of certain antithrombotic factors & ↑ in certain prothrombotic factors
↑ VLDL ↑ LDL ↑ IDL ↑ Lipoprotein a |
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What syndrome is a hypercoagulable state associated with?
What contributes the most to the hypercoagulable state? |
Nephrotic Syndrome
↓ Antithrombin III synthesis ↓ Protein C & S synthesis |
