Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
renal cortical adenoma
|
from renal tubules
yellow, small < 0.5cm usually benign look like RCC |
|
|
angiomyolipoma
|
see with tuberous sclerosis
harmatomas (benign neoplasms) see increased blood vessels, smooth muscles, adipose bleed easily |
|
|
renal oncocytoma
|
from intercalated cells of collecting ducts
brown, well-encapsulated, has central scar benign but can be very large need to remove |
|
|
in adullts what is the most common primary renal malignancy
|
renal cell carcinoma
|
|
|
in children what is the most prevalent primary renal malignancy
|
wilms tumor - nephroblastoma
|
|
|
which is more treatable renal or bladder cancer
|
bladder cancer - is found earlier
|
|
|
renal cell carcinoma
|
adenocarcinoma of the kidney
see with smoking triad: costovertebral pain, flank mass, hematuria no oliguria often invades the renal pelvis and the renal vein paraneoplastic syndromes - hypercalcemia (secretion of PTH), polycythemia (erythropoietin) 4 types: clear cell carcinoma papillary carcinoma chromophobe renal carcinoma collecting (bellini) duct carcinoma |
|
|
clear cell carcinoma
|
most common renal cell carcinoma
originates from proximal convoluted tubules usually unifocal often mutations in von hippal lindau gene |
|
|
papillary carcinoma
|
2nd most common of renal cell carcinoma
originates from distal convoluted tubule often multifocal mutations in MET oncogene |
|
|
chromophobe renal carcinoma
|
3rd most common renal cell carcinoma
origin: intercalating cells of collecting duct multiple chromosome losses, extreme hypodiploid |
|
|
renal cell carcinoma sites of metastasis
|
lungs, bones, LN, liver...
most likely will see metastases before renal symptoms |
|
|
wilms tumor (nephroblastoma)
|
age 2-5 years
can be bilateral soft and easy to hemorrhage look for blastema (small, round, blue cell), epithelium from abortive tubules, spindle cells |
|
|
kidney receives metastases from
|
lung, breast, colon...
|
|
|
urothelial (transitional cell) neoplasm
|
usually in bladder due to longer contact with carcinogens
due to smoking, analgesic abuse "field effect" - multifocal neoplasms because carcinogens are contantly in contact with multiple parts of the epithelium papillary tumors are usually benign (low malignant potential) carcinoma in situ is highly anaplatic, flat tumor |
|
|
papillary neoplasm morphology
|
urothelium with a fibrovascular stromal core
papilloma - normal urothelium papillary carcinoma - anaplasia of the urothelium |
|
|
invasive urothelial carcinoma
|
urothelial carcinoma in situ finally invasion of the mucularis propria (detrusor muscle)
bad prognosis |
|
|
metastatic urothelial carcinoma
|
after muscle invasion will invade lymphaticics
--> pelvic LN --> liver, lungs, bone marrow |
|
|
which has a better prognosis urothelial carcinoma in the bladder or in the renal pelvis/ureter
|
bladder has best prognosis
easier to screen |
|
|
squamous cell carcinoma of urothelial origin
|
due to chronic urothelial irritation, chronic infection -> squamous metaplasia -> squamous cell cancer
chronic irritation from staghorn calculi often higher risk in places with schistosomiasis (will see liver problems as well) |
|
|
adenocarcinoma of urothelial origin
|
see with urachal remnants, intestinal (glandular) metaplasia -> adenocarcinoma
|
|
|
mesenchymal tumors of bladder
|
benign - leiomyoma is most common benign mesenchymal neoplasm in bladder and ureter
malignant: adults - leiomyoscaroma children - embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) - aka sarcoma botryoides |
|
|
secondary tumors of bladder
|
metastases is uncommon
usually direct extension from nearby organs - uterine cervix, prostate, rectum or lymphoma |
|
|
most frequent cause of hematuria from a malignancy
|
urothelial carcinoma
|
