Radpatho Prelims 2

Front 1

an outpouching that occurs due to a weakening in the lining of, in this particular instance, the digestive system.

Back 1

Zenker’s Diverticulum

Front 2

This type of diverticulum forms in the mid esophagus area.

Back 2

Traction Diverticulum:

Front 3

arises in the distal esophagus just superior to the lower esophageal sphincter (LES).

Back 3

Epiphrenic Diverticulum

Front 4

when a portion of the stomach protrudes into the thorax through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm.

Back 4

Hiatal Hernia:

Front 5

The protrusion of a portion of the stomach (hernia) through the esophageal opening of the diaphragm (hiatus)

Back 5

Sliding Hiatal Hernia:

Front 6

a portion of the stomach has herniated into the thorax (a) while the esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter remain in place (b).

Back 6

Paraesophageal Hiatal Hernia:

Front 7

it is also often referred to as heartburn and acid reflux.

characterized by a backward flow of gastric contents into the esophagus due to an incompetent lower esophageal sphincter (LES).

Back 7

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease:

Hint 7

GERD

Front 8

This is the exact opposite of acid reflux.

an esophageal motility disorder that occurs due to the inability of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) to relax.

Back 8

Achalasia:

Front 9

are dilated, tortuous veins of the esophagus which may rupture.

Back 9

Esophageal Varices:

Front 10

represents 2% of all cancers and there is a high incidence in smokers and alcoholics.

Back 10

Esophagus Cancer:

Front 11

a general term that is used to describe ulcers of the stomach and duodenum

Back 11

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD):

Front 12

This is the most common type of peptic ulcer

Back 12

Peptic Ulcer Disease: Duodenal

Front 13

It is generally asymptomatic in the early stages and has generally metastasized to other areas of the body by the time it has been diagnosed.

Back 13

Gastric Carcinoma:

Front 14

This is a hard mass of entangled material found within the stomach or intestines that cannot be digested.

Back 14

Bezoar:

Front 15

a partial or complete loss of the normal peristaltic action of the small and/or large intestine thus impeding the normal transit of chyme.

Back 15

Bowel Obstruction:

Front 16

categories of bowel obstructions

Back 16

adynamic or paralytic ileus and a mechanical bowel obstruction

Front 17

Signs and symptoms of a bowel obstruction

Back 17

Abdominal Pain and/or Cramping

Abdominal Distention

Vomiting and Fecal Vomiting (unpalatable!)

Constipation

Front 18

This type of bowel obstruction is caused by a reduction in the normal peristaltic action of the intestines.

Back 18

Adynamic or ParAlytic Ileus:

Front 19

This is the second category for bowel obstructions.

caused by a motility disorder that results from some type of structural abnormality.

Back 19

Mechanical Bowel Obstruction

Front 20

Many factors can contribute to a mechanical bowel obstruction

Back 20

Hernia

Adhesions

Volvulus

Intussusception

Neoplasm (Adenoma/Polyp, Adenocarcinoma)

Crohn’s Disease

Constipation

Front 21

This type of obstruction is caused by a weakening of the abdominal wall that allows a portion of the small and/or large intestine to protrude through it.

Back 21

Hernia:

Front 22

can be pushed back into the abdominal cavity

Back 22

reducible hernia

Front 23

cannot and could therefore lead to a bowel obstruction

Back 23

incarcerated hernia

Front 24

A common hernia in men is called

Back 24

inguinal hernia.

Front 25

A large portion of this patients bowel (arrows) has protruded through an unnatural opening within the abdominal wall.

Back 25

Hernia: Inguinal

Front 26

can cause a twisting of the bowel and loss of blood supply to the affected area

Back 26

Bowel Adhesion:

Front 27

are bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect organs and tissues that are normally separate.

Back 27

Adhesions

Front 28

is a loop of intestine that has twisted around itself causing either a partial or complete obstruction.

Back 28

Volvulus:

Front 29

abnormal twisting of the stomach which can lead to an obstruction

Back 29

Volvulus: Gastric

Front 30

occurs when a section of bowel is constricted by peristalsis causing it to prolapse or telescope into itself.

commonly corrected with a barium enema.

Back 30

Intussusception:

Front 31

may transform into a malignancy and must be removed.

Back 31

Adenomatous Polyp:

Front 32

grows into the lumen of the colon is called a polyp.

Back 32

neoplasm

Front 33

possess a stalk

Back 33

pedunculated polyp

Front 34

is attached directly to the bowel wall.

Back 34

a sessile (barnacle) polyp

Front 35

are generally asymptomatic but some may cause rectal bleeding, pain, diarrhea, and/or constipation.

Back 35

Colon polyps

Front 36

is a type of neoplasm that originates in glandular tissue and can be the cause a bowel obstruction.

Back 36

Adenocarcinoma:

Front 37

This is the last example of a disease that may be the cause of a mechanical bowel obstruction.

is characterized by a chronic inflammation of the bowel and has an unknown etiology.

Back 37

Regional Enteritis or Crohn’s Disease:

Front 38

is a very common digestive complaint where the patient experiences hard stool that can be difficult to defecate.

Back 38

Constipation:

Front 39

In regards to the large intestine, they are commonly found in the area of the sigmoid colon.

Back 39

Diverticulum

Front 40

occurs when a diverticulum become infected and bleeds

Back 40

Diverticulitis:

Front 41

occurs as a result of entrapment of feces within the appendix and the presence of an appendicolith.

Back 41

Appendicitis:

Front 42

can occur throughout the GI tract

Back 42

GI Bleed:

Front 43

The most common causes of lower GI bleeding

Back 43

diverticulitis and angiodysplasia