Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Main purpose of respiratory system |
To supply cells of the body with oxygen and remove CO2. Power supply for speech |
|
|
Phrenic nerve of cervical level |
C2-c4. Inserts into diaphragm |
|
|
What happens if phrenic nerve is damaged? |
Can cause a problem with inhalation |
|
|
Tidal breathing |
Process involved in one cycle of breathing Period of active inhalation and inactive exhalation |
|
|
Spirometer |
Used to measure lung volume |
|
|
Monometer |
Measure pressure Air is pushed into a tube and moves into water to measure how much water is displaced |
|
|
BPM for male or female |
One cycle of quiet breathing takes place 12-18 times per minute |
|
|
Gases in respiration |
20% oxygen 0.04% carbon dioxide 70% nitrogen |
|
|
Air exchanged each minute |
Between 500 and 700 cc or 6-9 liters |
|
|
Boyle’s law |
Inverse relationship Pressure goes up, volume goes down |
|
|
What is force from in respiration? |
Muscular contraction |
|
|
Anterior thoracic muscles of inhalation |
External intercostals and interchondral portion of internal intercostals |
|
|
Posterior thoracic muscles for inhalation |
Costal elevators Serratus posterior superior Sternonucleiomastoid Scalenes |
|
|
What does the expiratory cycle rely on? |
Passive pressures for aspiration |
|
|
Torque |
When the rib cage goes back to the original position |
|
|
Torque |
When the rib cage goes back to the original position |
|
|
Elasticity |
Because the lungs are spongey, they go back to their original position and inspiratory muscles return to original position |
|
|
Gravity |
Acts on ribs to pull them down to original position Happens automatically |
|
|
Primary muscles of forced expiration |
Rib cage muscles Internal intercostals Abdominal muscles |
|
|
Accessory muscles of forced expiration |
Interosseous portion of internal intercostals Serratus posterior inferior Transverse thoracis Subcostals Innermost intercostals |
|
|
Why do adults have residual volume? |
This helps the lungs move together with the thorax when we inflate them |
|
|
Why do infants not have RV? |
Because the thorax expands and develops as the child develops |
|
|
Inspiratory capacity (IC) |
The MAXIMUM amount we can inhale after tidal EXPIRATION TV+IRV |
|
|
Functional residual capacity (FRC) |
Remaining volume after tidal expiration ERV+RV |
|
|
Vital capacity (VC) |
Amount inhaled after maximum expiration Very important for speech IRV+TV+ERV |
|
|
Total lung capacity (TLC) |
Combination of all the volumes TV+IRV+ERV+RV |
|
|
Which lung capacity is most important? |
Vital capacity because of its role in speech |
|
|
Difference between inspiratory capacity (IC) and vital capacity (VC) |
Look at notes for this |
|
|
Difference between inspiratory capacity (IC) and vital capacity (VC) |
Vital capacity has ERV, which is important in speech |
|
|
Best ways to predict lung volume |
Usually influenced by height because surface area of the thorax helps to measure volume of the lungs |
|
|
What is an important force for speech? |
Gravity because it exerts an expiratory force on the chest wall Expiratory level decreases by almost 30% in supine position (laying down) |
|
|
Phrenic nerve function |
Can innervate the diaphragm from c3-c4 Damage could mean problems with inhalation |
|
|
Pulmonary compliance |
Stretch ability of the lungs |
|
|
Ways to measure pressure change |
Static Dynamic |
|
|
Static measurement |
Measured when alveoli are already opened |
|
|
Dynamic measurement |
Measured when alveoli are in the process of opening |
|
|
Elastic recoil |
Measure needed to inflate the lungs If elasticity is lost, we need more pressure, and elastic recoil increases |
|
|
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) |
Amount of air we can inhale after tidal inspiration |
|
|
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) |
Amount you can exhale after tidal expiration |
|
|
Residual volume (RV) |
Volume left after MAXIMUM expiration |
|
|
Pulmonic pressure |
Pressure of air within the lungs Alveola pressure |
|
|
What kind of pressure do we measure with a spirometer? |
Alveola pressure (pulmonic pressure) |
|
|
Atmospheric pressure |
Pressure of air outside the lungs, relatively zero |
|
|
Subglottal air pressure |
Alveola pressure that is created under the vocal folds |
|
|
Air resistance is found near articulators. What is this called? And how is it overcome |
Called intraoral pressure When restriction is overcome, we get plosive, fricative, and affricates |
|
|
Intrapleural pressure |
Always negative, pleural linkage |
|
|
Tidal volume (TV) |
Volume left after maximum expiration |
