Qbank - Histology

Front 1

azurophilic, needle-shaped cytoplasmic inclusion

Back 1

auer rod
AML-3 t(15
17)

Front 2

what does Red safranin O stain?

Back 2

cartilage, mast cell granules, mucin

Front 3

histology - cells surrounded by a glassy matrix of ground substance and collagen?

Back 3

cartilage
stained by Red safranin O

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spindle cells w/hair-like glial processes assoc w/microcysts, mixed w/granular eosinphilic bodies and rosenthal fibers?

Back 4

pilocytic astrocytoma

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diffuse infiltrate of lymphoid cells w/numerous mitotic figures, interspersed macrophages surrounded by clear spaces?

Back 5

"starry sky", Burkitt lymphoma
t(8,14)
c-myc (tyrosine kinase)

Front 6

what does pseudopalisading necrosis look like? What is it characteristic of?

Back 6

(if you can't pull up mental picture google it)
basically lucent / necrotic area surrounded by dark layer of cells "palisading?"

characteristic of Gliblastoma Multiforma
expect necrosis & vascular proliferation

Front 7

what skin cells have "tennis racket" granules?

Back 7

Langerhans cells

stellar cells, birbeck granules (tennis racket), myeloid surface markers to interact closely w/T-cells

(NOT Langhan's cells - giant horseshoe multinucleated granulomatous inflam)

Front 8

what does the MC cause of renal malignancy look like on histology?

Back 8

clear cell carcinoma, from renal tubular cells

polygonal cells w/abundant clear cytoplasm (packed w/glycogen & lipids)

Front 9

5 yo boy w/posterior fossa midline mass, biopsy "sheets of primitive cells & many mitotic figures"?

Back 9

medulloblastoma
expect cerebellar sx

Front 10

rhomboid crystals w/positive birefringence?

Back 10

calcium pyrophosphate deposition
pseudogout

blue when parallel, yellow when perpendicular

Front 11

"cobblestone" appearance of terminal ileum?

Back 11

chron's

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65 yo man w/widespread narrowing of renal arterioles, arteriolar walls homogeneously thickened & stain pink w/hemoxylin-eosin, this is characteristic of? (name appearance, then dz)

Back 12

hyaline ateriosclerosis
homogenous deposition of eosinophilic hyaline material in intima & media of small arteries/arteroles

long standing non-malignant HTN and or diabetes

Front 13

myoglobin rich glycogen poor fibers w/many mitochondria are characteristic of what type of mm?

Back 13

Type 1 - slow twitch
postural skeletal mm (soleus, paraspinal)
ATP primarily from oxidative metabolism

Type II - rapid forceful pulses of movmeent

Type Iib - anaerobic glycogenolysis
Type Iia - "fast twitch" intermediate between I and Iib

Front 14

what is 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid?

Back 14

5HIAA - breakdown product of serotonin

Front 15

calcifications in the epigastric area in an alcoholic?

Back 15

chronic alcohol pancreatitis
alcohol induced protein precipitation w/in pancreatic ducts, forming plugs which may calcify

causes malabsorptio

Front 16

hyperparakeratosis, reduced or absent stratum granulosum, neutrophil accumulation, rete ridge elongation, mitotic activity abouve the epidermal basal layer, and acanthosis? Bilateral skin lesions

Back 16

Psoriasis

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proliferation fraction (Ki-67) > 99%?

Back 17

characteristic of Burkitt's lymphoma, prolif fraction approaching 100
high mitotic index is characteristic

Front 18

yellow-brown, finely granular perinuclear pgiment found in cardiac myocytes of 78 yo on autopsy?

Back 18

lipofuscin - sing of "wear & tear" of aging
product of free radical injury & lipid peroxidation

Front 19

breast biopsy - cellular, myxoid stroma encircling & compressing epithelium-lined glands?

Back 19

fibroadenoma

Front 20

how to stain for lymphocytes?

Back 20

stain for pan T cell marker CD3

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how to stain for mm tissue?

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stains for smooth mm actin, cadesmon, or desmin

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how to stain for endothelium?

Back 22

stains for CD34 and vWF

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how to stain for glial cells?

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stains for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)

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how to stain for epithelial cells?

Back 24

stains for keratin

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what do keratin stains indicate?

Back 25

carcinomas, mesotheliomas, thymomas, various sarcomas, trophoblastic tumors, desmoplastic small round cell tumors

marker of epithelial cell origin

Front 26

child w/acute rheumatic carditis, expect to see what on histology?

Back 26

Aschoff bodies "interstitial granulomas"
-circumscribed interstitial collection of inflammatory cells
-some large histiocytes & prominent binuclear histiocyte

Anitschkow cells "caterpillar cells"
-plump macrophages w/abundant cytoplasm & central round to ovoid nuclei, w/central slender chromatin ribbons
-these precede aschoff giant cells --> when larger macrophages become multinucleated


these findings seen in acute rheumatic fever
-any of the 3 layers of heart
-aschoff bodies later replaced by fibrous scar
-can occur following step A pharyngitis anytime in the prior 10 days to 6 weeks

Front 27

child has bowed legs, a rachitic rosary, Harrison's sulci, & craniotabes - what do bones look like histologically?

Back 27

increase in unmineralized osteoid and widening between osteoid seams

"osteoid matrix accumulation around trabeculae"

osteoid is the unmineralized organic portion of bone matrix that forms prior to maturation of bone tissues

Front 28

mosaic of lamellar bone, irregular sections of lamellar bone linked by areas of previous bone resportion, "cement lines"?

Back 28

paget's disease

Front 29

bluiesh neoplasm underneath nail bed?

Back 29

either glomus tumor (glomangioma) or subungual melanoma

glomus is the vasculature control of temperature regulation for skin surface (shunt away from skin when cold, too skin when hot)

Front 30

how does cutaneous involvement in Langerhans cell histiocytosis present?

Back 30

erythematous papules, nodules, and/or scaling plaques

Front 31

what is vitiligo? Histological finding? Associations?

Back 31

flat, well circumscribed macules & patches of absent pigment

histology demonstrates loss of melanocytes & complete absence of melanin

pathogenesis unclear, strong association w/autoimmune conditions

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glomerulus shows uniform diffuse thickening of glom capillary wall on light microscopy, w/o increased cellularity, dense deposits between BM & epithelial cells w/protrusions resembling "spike and dome" stained w/silver?

Back 32

the granular deposits contain IgG and C3

this is membranous glomerulopathy

Front 33

what do ppl w/Barett's esophagus have increased risk of developing? What does barett's look like histologically?

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adenocarcinoma of the esophagus

Barett's is a metaplasia of stratified squamous --> columnar epithelium w/goblet cells (resembling intestine)

Front 34

what is abetalipoproteinemia? How does it present? What does it look like histologically?

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impaired synthesis of ApoB, inabiility to transport lipids from the intestine
autosomal recessive

5 yo caucasian boy hospitlized, failure to thrive, bulky & greasy stool
"malabsorption, neuro deficiencies, progressive ataxia in first few years of life"
get abnl RBC membranes from lack of lipid, acanthocytes (thorny projections)
lack of lipid in neuron membranes lead to neuro abnliteis

serum levels of all lipids are decreased
histology - excessive lipids stored in intestinal epithelium cells, characteristic "foamy" appearance to cytoplasm

Front 35

what cells secrete intrinsic factor? How to ID on histology?

Back 35

parietal cells of stomach, also secrete acid

they are pink, in upper glandular layer, approximately midway between epithelial surface & BM

at the bottom of the pits are the chief cells, secrete pepsinogen

Front 36

histology of duchenne's muscular dystrophy?

Back 36

light microscopy - proximal mm - variation in mm fiber shape & size, regenerating fibers, increased CT

distal mm (calf) hypertrophy initially to make up for proximal weakness, later they are replaced by fat & CT, this change = "pseudohypertrophy"

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pathophys of goodpasture's? renal histology?

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anti-GBM antibodies targeting alpha3-chain of type IV collagen

RPGN (rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis) - crescent formation w/fibrin deposition
"linear" IgG and C3 deposition

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pilocytic astrocytoma vs medulloblastoma on radiograph?

Back 38

both are tumors of children seen in cerebellum area (often)

pilocytic astrocytoma (rosenthaal fibers) - both cystic & solid components
medulloblastoma (sheets of small blue cells w/hyperchromatic nuclei & scant cytoplasm) - always solid

Front 39

pt w/nocturanl cough has esophageal biopsy w/eosinophils & neutrophils present?

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GERD

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enlargement of gastric rugal folds in pt w/refractory peptic ulcer dz?

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caused by parietal cell hyperplasia due to excess gastrin stimulation

Zollinger Ellison syndrome

Front 41

myxomatous change in arteries? What is this? What arteries does it occur in? what condition is it seen in? what does it appear like histologically? How can it be acquired?

Back 41

cystic medial degeneration

"fragmentation of elastic tissue" and "separation of elastic and fibromuscular components of the tunica media by cleft-like spaces filled w/amorphous extracellular matrix"

occurs in large, elastic arteries

seen in Marfan's

can be acquired from ingestion of beta-aminopropionitrile (chemical found in sweet peas) causing "angiolathyrism" changing elasticity of aorta mimicking myxomataous degeneration
inhibits lysyl oxidase, necessary for crosslinking of elastin & collagen

Front 42

what is a cavernous hemangioma? What does it look like histologically? Signs/sx? Pathophys?

Back 42

MC benign liver tumor

microscopically consists of cavernous, blood-filled vascular spaces of variable size, lined by single epithelial layer

biopsy should NOT be performed, could cause fatal hemorrhage!

most patients asymptomatic

thought to be congenital malformations that enlarge by ectasia

Front 43

esophageal biopsy shows solid nests of cells w/abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm & distinct borders, (whorled appearance imo)?

Back 43

Squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus

areas of keratinization (keratin pearls) easily seen, indicate tumor hasn't lost the properties of the original tissue completely, yet (well-differentiated)

Front 44

large lymphocyte w/RBCs indenting into its surface?

Back 44

EBV mononucleosis

Front 45

acidophilic bodies in viral hepatitis?

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apoptotic bodies, or councilman bodies

Front 46

what color is hemosiderin?

Back 46

golden yellow brown pigment

it is an aggregation of ferritin micelles

Front 47

what is lipofuscin? Apperance?

Back 47

insoluble yellow-brown pigment composed of lipids & phospholipids complexed w/prtns

"wear & tear"

Front 48

how long after MI until changes become visible on microscopy?

Back 48

~4 hours, until then appears nl

4-12 hours - early coag necrosis, edema, hemorrhage, wavy fibers

12-24 hrs - coag necrosis, marginal contraction band necrosis

1-5 days - coag necrosis & neutrophilic infiltrate

5-10 days macrophage phagocytosis

10-14 days - granulation tissue & neovascularization

2 weeks - 2 mos - collagen deposition, scar formation

Front 49

histology of all acute viral hepatitis?

Back 49

diffuse ballooning degeneration (hepatocyte swelling)
mononuclear cell infiltrates
Councilman bodies (eosinophilic apoptotic hepatocytes)

Front 50

fibrinoid necrosis results from?

Back 50

immune complex deposition in walls of blood vessels (vasculitis)

Front 51

what does psamomma body look like?

Back 51

look it up! HIGH YIELD

round, eosinophilic laminar structures
core of dense calcification w/surrounding collagen-fiber bundles
PINK!

meningioma, papillary thyroid carcinoma, serous papillary ovarian adenocarcinoma

Front 52

appearance of dimorphic fungi in human samples?

Back 52

they are in YEAST form, in nature they are in mold form

thus biopsy would NOT show hyphae

Front 53

thyroid biopsy:

-mixed, cellular infiltration w/occasional multinucleate giant cells

-mononuclear, parenchyma infiltration w/well-developed germinal centers

Back 53

mixed - subacute granulomatous de Quervain's thyroiditis

monocellular - chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, aka Hashimotos

Front 54

circumoral mucocutaneous macules w/abdominal discomfort in 12 yo?

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Peutz-Jegher

Front 55

nuclear indentations & scalloping of nuclear membrane?

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liposarcoma

produce non-membrane bound cytoplasmic lipid (lipoblasts)

Front 56

flaccid, easily ruptured bullae appearing in oropharynx & diffusely on trunk & extremities?

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Pemphigus vulgaris

IgG autoantibodies against desmoglein 1 & 3 in the desmosomal junctions

Front 57

histology of cirrhosis?

Back 57

diffuse parenchymal injury & fibrosis

normal lobular architecture of liver is replaced w/regenerative spherical nodules separated by bridging fibrous septae

proliferating HEPATOCYTES are primary cell population w/in nodules of a cirrhotic liver

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acanthocytes & spurr cells?

Back 58

abetolipoproteinemia

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target cells?

Back 59

obstructive liver dz, thalassemia, iron deficiency anemia, asplenism

Front 60

in ulcerative collitis what accumulates in the crypts?

Back 60

neutrophils