A 74-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of painful swelling and multiple purple ulcerated nodules on her right upper extremity. The patient has a history of chronic swelling in her right upper extremity with a gradual increase in size over the past 5 years. 13 years ago, she was diagnosed with right-sided breast carcinoma and underwent a modified radical mastectomy. Her surgery was followed by radiation and treated for 5 years with a selective estrogen receptor modulator. She has type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation.…
VALPARAISO UNIVERSITY College of Nursing and Health Professions Nursing 605: Advanced Health Assessment Breast Lump Case Study Jane is a 37 year old woman who presents today after finding multiple, tender breast masses last week. She reports the masses were located on the upper outer quadrant of both breasts, and were very painful. Although the pain seems to have subsided, and she no longer feels the masses, she has kept her appointment for further evaluation. She tearfully shares with you that her best friend died of breast cancer last year, and she is fearful she may now have cancer. Jane has never had a mammogram, and does not perform breast self-examinations on a regular basis.…
Annotated Bibliography "What Is Breast Cancer?" Everyday Health. American Cancer Society, Inc., 12 Nov. 2010. Web. 4 Feb. 2011.…
By Jonas Wilson, Ing. Med. Breast calcifications on mammography Up to 80% of breast calcifications found on mammography (breast X-ray) are focally active processes of a benign nature. Mammography is a great tool used in order to detect breast pathologies before they are even palpable.…
BRCA1 can be found in the breast tissue. It is normally used to help regulate the cell cycle so the cell can restore DNA that has been damaged. The gene also prevents the cell from reproducing to fast. When BRCA1 has been mutated, it produces an unreliable protein that predisposes the breast to cancer. Even though not everyone with BRCA1 or BRCA2 form cancer , people with these gene mutations should seek the best preventative treatments to eliminate their high risk of breast cancer because there is a distinct connection to people with this mutation that have also contracted cancer.…
Breast cancer can be categorized into four stages, Stage 1 is the start in which majority of symptoms are hidden even the tumor is not bigger than 2 cms or some miniscule cancer clusters may be present in the lymph nodes, Stage 2 signifies the local spread of cancer, Stage 3 is more advanced in which it spreads and invades the skin of breast causing skin ulcers, Stage 4 is more advanced stage in which it spreads to other part of body as well. Following are more advanced symptoms of Stage 4 Breast cancer : 1. Breast Lump : In the early stages of cancer, tumors are typically too small to be seen or felt.…
For over a hundred years, pathologists have been using conventional optical microscopes to examine biopsy samples for research and diagnosis. However, in disease states, such as cancer at early stages, tissues and cells often undergo subtle changes down to the nanoscale, which is beyond the best optical resolution of the conventional optical microscope. Therefore, pathologists rely on limited information extracted from the biopsy samples for diagnosis. This causes misdiagnosis that risks patients' life and costs time and money. To circumvent the resolution limitation of the optical microscope, we developed a technology, called Expansion Pathology, that embeds the clinical biopsy sample into an inexpensive swellable gel found in baby diapers,…
It is common to find axillary lymph nodes with the diagnosis of breast cancer, which is why it is important to also examine this area. Axillary lymph nodes well-being is one of the most important factors in a prognoses for these patients and help determine a proper treatment plan 1 . This is where ultrasound plays a large and important role to help get a more accurate and closer looks at these areas. Mammogram is also the modality that helps identify the mass or tumor, then ultrasound can be used to get a closer look at what exactly it looks like and the approximate size of the area. By using ultrasound, the sonographer or radiologist can look under the axillary region to look for and identify any axillary lymph nodes.…
The article reviews the effects of laughter as a humor therapy relieving anxiety, stress, depression, and increases quality of life on a cancer patient. In particular, cancer originated from uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells in the body. Cancer can develop in any part of the body of male and female. For example, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and gastric cancer. Generally, cancer is known as a chronic illness; a disease that persists for a long time, depending when it was detected in the body.…
-. Breast cancer is curable if detected in early stage. Calcium deposit can also indicate the existence of a tumour in breast. MRI is one of the efficient tools to detect breast cancer before clinical symptoms appears. Several type of features can be extracted from MRI images such as position feature, shape feature and texture features .…
Clustering with Biopsy Introduction For this assignment we have been instructed to experiment with clustering. Within the MASS library we can find the data set biopsy, which gives approximately nine attributes for breast tumors of 699 patients. The first column of the data is the patient ID number and the last column is the classification (“benign” or “malignant”) of the tumor. Scenario…
The Breast Cancer Research Foundation “Every two minutes, a woman in the U.S. is diagnosed with breast cancer” (“Breast Cancer Research”). Breast cancer is a disease that is found in the breasts, and is typically only found in women. There are charities that were created specifically to help find a prevention and cure to breast cancer, such as the Breast Cancer Research Foundation (BCRF). Although the Breast Cancer Research Foundation can not guarantee that the money will find a cure, it should be supported because its fundraising is credible, it has been involved in groundbreaking discoveries of breast cancer, and it continues to search for a cure to breast cancer.…
The Evolution of Breast Cancer Technology With the advancement of technology the detection of breast cancer in screenings has improved over the years, thus leading to a profuse amount of saved lives. The first sighting of breast cancer has no exact known date, but historians found evidence of breast cancer dated back to 1600 BC in Egyptian writings. (Mandal) With more knowledge about breast cancer, women and some men are able to conduct self-examinations and receive proper screenings in order to detect breast cancer in its earliest stage. In the 1950s the mammogram was introduced to the medical community, then later popularized. (Basset and Gold) With advancements in technology, mammograms are not the only way to spot breast cancer; there are alternatives such as ultrasounds and thermography.…
Women perceived breast cancer as a source of suffering and shame for themselves and their loved ones. Having this stigma led all the women in this study to live in silence. Justifications of living hidden were varied from woman to another but the majority decided to hide their disease to protect themselves from pity feelings and negative comments. By becoming less social and limiting their friendship cycle. I didn’t want from my extend family to know, I didn’t want from anybody to feel sorry for me.…
Kaylie-Ming Kozawa Mr.Herendeen/ Ms.Long Am Lit. Pd 2 21 Nov. 2016 Cancer Treatment Does anyone know what cancer is and how much it costs? Cancer treatments have a variety of prices, different treatments come with different prices. “Newly approved cancer drugs cost an average of $10,000 per month, with some therapies topping $30,000 per month, according to ASCO, which discussed the costs of cancer care at a recent meeting” (Glover).…