Public Health Final 2

Front 1

What does SES stand for?

Back 1

Socioeconomic status

Front 2

What is the most important predictor of health?

Back 2

Socioeconomic status (SES)

Front 3

What is the sense of having control over one's life called?

Back 3

Self efficacy

Front 4

What are the 5 stages of the transtheoretical model?

Back 4

Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance/relapse

Front 5

T/F unhealthy behaviors may be maintained and reinforced by aspects of the social environment that are beyond the individuals control?

Back 5

T

Front 6

T/F Based on the health belief model, the public health approach to changing behavior would be to convince people that they are vulnerable, that the threat is severe, and that certain actions are effective preventative measure?

Back 6

T

Front 7

What model looks at how the social environment, including interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy factors, supports and maintains unhealthy behaviors?

Back 7

Ecological model

Front 8

How does social support protect us against the health effects of stress?

Back 8

They act as a buffer, allowing us to vent frustrations and seek their support.

Front 9

What is a pattern described as "numb acceptance of a negative situation so that an individual no longer tries to change that situation for the better because he or she does not expect those efforts to make any difference" called?

Back 9

Learned helplessness

Front 10

What type of diseases are the leading causes of death in the U.S.?

Back 10

Chronic diseases

Front 11

What type of diseases have a long period of onset?

Back 11

Chronic diseases

Front 12

Which type chronic disease is the leading cause of death in the United States?

Back 12

Cancer/ cardiovascular disease

Front 13

List 2 factors that contribute to plaque build up in the artery walls?

Back 13

Sedentary life, bad nutrition

Front 14

What is considered normal blood pressure?

Back 14

120/80

Front 15

What is considered borderline high blood pressure?

Back 15

140/90

Front 16

What does cancer arise from?

Back 16

DNA mutations

Front 17

What is Diabetes?

Back 17

The deficiency in ability to metabolize sugar

Front 18

What type of diabetes is the result of insulin production failure?

Back 18

Type 1

Front 19

What type of diabetes is the result of insulin resistant?

Back 19

Type 2

Front 20

What is another name for type 1 diabetes?

Back 20

Childhood onset

Front 21

What is an example of a severe complication of diabetes?

Back 21

Amputation of extremities

Front 22

How can chronic diseases be contagious?

Back 22

The way your friends/family act influence the way you act. If they have an unhealthy lifestyle that has led to a chronic diseases, it is likely you will too.

Front 23

What are the 3 approaches that the government has traditionally taken to promote health behaviors?

Back 23

Education, regulation, prohibition

Front 24

List 5 of the top 10 actual causes of death.

Back 24

Misuse of alcohol, no physical activity/poor diet, toxic environment, tobacco use, microbial agents

Front 25

What percentage of all cancer deaths are caused by tobacco? What does this mean?

Back 25

30%, they are preventable

Front 26

Was typhoid Mary an example of a human reservoir?

Back 26

Yes

Front 27

What was typhoid Mary's means of transmission? List one other example of a means of transmission.

Back 27

Contaminated water or food (fecal-oral route), saliva (oral-oral route)

Front 28

List 3 things that helped conquer the threat of infectious diseases in the 1960s.

Back 28

Immunizations, antibiotics, public health measures

Front 29

What word is used to describe when the U.S. was able to get rid of most infectious diseases?

Back 29

Conquered

Front 30

What causes infectious diseases?

Back 30

Pathogens

Front 31

What is the infectious agent that causes scarlet fever?

Back 31

Streptococcus virus

Front 32

Can typhoid be successfully treated with antibiotics?

Back 32

Yes

Front 33

What is an example of a vector?

Back 33

A dog with rabies

Front 34

Name 2 diseases that are transmitted by a virus?

Back 34

Scarlet fever, tuberculous

Front 35

Name 3 problems in New York in the early 1900s from the documentary that led to higher rates of disease and made it the perfect environment for an epidemic to occur.

Back 35

Dense population, low personal hygiene, lack of sanitation

Front 36

What type of disease can be transmitted from person to person?

Back 36

Infectious, communicable

Front 37

The 3 weeks after exposure to typhoid fever is called the ____ period.

Back 37

Incubation period

Front 38

How was Mary spreading typhoid fever even though she was seemingly healthy?

Back 38

She was a healthy carrier.

Front 39

What is a healthy carrier?

Back 39

Infected, but not having any symptoms

Front 40

What did the public health officials decide to do with Mary after they found out she was the one spreading typhoid fever?

Back 40

Quarantine her to "plague island"

Front 41

Who is responsible for carrying out a quarantine?

Back 41

Military

Front 42

How is tuberculosis spread?

Back 42

By aerosol

Front 43

List 3 ways you can interrupt the chain of infection.

Back 43

Immunizations, hand washing, quarantine

Front 44

T/F an animal capable of transmiting the rabies virus will already exhibit symptoms?

Back 44

T

Front 45

T/F vaccines not only keep the individual from contracting the virus, but also makes it harder for the pathogen to find susceptible hosts.

Back 45

T

Front 46

What is the nation's most significant health issue?

Back 46

Cigarette smoking

Front 47

Which component of tobacco smoke provides the flavor and is also a major source of it's carcinogenicity?

Back 47

The tars

Front 48

List 2 diseases caused by smoking.

Back 48

Bronchitis, larengitis, lung cancer

Front 49

There has never been a bigger impact on smoking than_____.

Back 49

Policy

Front 50

Why is everything in moderation a terrible rule to live by?

Back 50

Moderation means something different to everyone.

Front 51

T/F if you have more education then you are more likely to use tobacco?

Back 51

F

Front 52

What percentage of cigarettes in America are consumed by individuals with a mental illness?

Back 52

44%

Front 53

How likely are persons with a mental illness to smoke compared to persons without a mental illness?

Back 53

Persons with mental illness are twice as likely to smoke

Front 54

Since advertising to kids and teens has become increasingly restrictive, who are tobacco companies advertising to now?

Back 54

Young adults

Front 55

What is the shift of the leading causes of death from infectious diseases to chronic diseases called?

Back 55

Epidemiological transition

Front 56

What does a box lifestyle mean?

Back 56

We go from our box house, to our box car, to our box office, and back.

Front 57

How does the box lifestyle contribute to health outcomes?

Back 57

Low social contact, very sedentary life, lots of screen time, low physical activity, often accompanied by heavy snacking- all lead to low health.

Front 58

What 3 factors contributed to the growth of the obesity epidemic in the early 1980s?

Back 58

Technology in the workplace, screens, fast food boom

Front 59

Why are construction workers overweight?

Back 59

No longer a hard manual labor job due to machines. Sedentary job.

Front 60

Is employee wellness connected to productivity?

Back 60

Yes

Front 61

How has the culture of where we work shaped our behaviors?

Back 61

We are heavily influenced by the culture of our work. If everyone at office gets fast-food for lunch or walks a mile on their break, we are likely to do the same.

Front 62

What 2 things have contributed to body composition change over time?

Back 62

Personal choices, environment

Front 63

What is the opposite of a food desert called?

Back 63

Food swamp

Front 64

What does BMI stand for and how is it calculated?

Back 64

Body Mass index, weight times hight

Front 65

What is the BMI range for an obese person?

Back 65

30-39.9

Front 66

What is the BMI range for an overweight person?

Back 66

25-29.9

Front 67

What is the BMI range for a morbidly obese person?

Back 67

40+

Front 68

Why does the community not agree with the BMI's classification of obesity?

Back 68

It doesn't take into account muscle mass or body shape

Front 69

T/F the U.S. subsidizes industrial agriculture, which produces high calorie commodities at the expense of more nutritious produce.

Back 69

T

Front 70

What can we learn from tobacco control programs and apply to obesity control programs?

Back 70

Age restriction on buying high sugar foods, taxes on high sugar foods.

Front 71

What percentage of Americans eat the recommended daily servings from all food groups?

Back 71

1-3%

Front 72

What food group do Americans most commonly omit from their diets?

Back 72

Fruit

Front 73

List 2 benefits of physical activity

Back 73

Better heart health, lower risk of almost all chronic diseases

Front 74

What percentage of adults in the U.S. are obese or overweight?

Back 74

68%

Front 75

How much exercise is recommended for children?

Back 75

At least 60 mins/day.

Front 76

How much exercise is recommended for adults?

Back 76

At least 150 minutes per week

Front 77

List 2 activities that do not involved going to the gym or spending money that increase heart rate

Back 77

Dancing, hiking, going for a run

Front 78

Is prevention of injury based on epidemiology?

Back 78

Yes

Front 79

What are the 2 categories of injury death?

Back 79

Intentional, unintentional

Front 80

_____ is the 4th leading cause of death in U.s.

Back 80

Injuries

Front 81

Why are injuries the leading cause of death among those ages 1-44?

Back 81

Because chronic diseases haven't had time to kill them.

Front 82

What are 3 of the leading causes of injury?

Back 82

Drowning, poisoning, Burns

Front 83

What drug is most commonly involved in unintentional deaths?

Back 83

Opioid pain meds

Front 84

What topically causes injuries?

Back 84

Our own behavior

Front 85

What is the ratio of the incidence rate for persons exposed to the factor, to the incidence rate for persons in the unexposed group?

Back 85

Relative risk

Front 86

How do you calculate relative risk?

Back 86

Divide top number by bottom number or divide those that did by those that did not.