Pta Board Prep - Academic Review

Front 1

A grade III ACL sprain most commonly occurs during what movements of the knee?

Back 1

Hyperflexion, rapid decleration, hyperextension or landing in an unbalanced position.

Front 2

Have significantly higher ACL injury rates compared to their counterparts.

Back 2

Females involved in athletic activities.

Front 3

Approximately two-thirds of complete ACL tears have an associated ________________.

Back 3

meniscal tear

Front 4

The peak incidence of ACL injury occurs between ____________________ years of age.

Back 4

14-29

Front 5

Systemic condition characterized by inflammation of the spine and the larger peripheral joints.

Back 5

Ankylosing spondylitis

Front 6

_________ are at 2-3 times greater risk with peak onset observed between _______________ years of age for Ankylosing spondylitis.

Back 6

Males; 20-40

Front 7

Clinical presentation of ankylosing spondylitis:

Back 7

initially includes recurrent and insidious onset of back pain, morning stiffness, and impaired spinal extension.

Front 8

A person born with histocompatibility antigen HLA-B27 is at high risk for what disease?

Back 8

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Front 9

____________ are at higher risk of ALS and usually occurs between ___________________ years of age.

Back 9

Males; 40-70

Front 10

Clinical presentation of ALS:

Back 10

May include both upper and lower motor neuron involvement with weakness occurring in a distal to proximal progression.

Front 11

Average course of the diagnosis of ALS is _______________ years with 20-30% of patients surviving longer than 5 years.

Back 11

2-5 years

Front 12

Ankylosing spondylitis progresses slowly over _________________ year period and may remain isolated to the spine and SI joint or spread to larger peripheral joints.

Back 12

15-25

Front 13

Adhesive capsulitis occurs in the middle-aged population with _________________ having a greater incidence.

Back 13

females

Front 14

______________ can assist with diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis by detecting decreased volume of fluid within the joint capsule.

Back 14

Arthrogram

Front 15

Adhesive capuslitis presents with:

Back 15

range of motion restriction typically in a capsular pattern (lateral rotation, abduction, medial rotation)

Front 16

Primary vs secondary adhesive capsulitis:

Back 16

Primary = insidious onset

Secondary = from trauma or underlying condition

Front 17

Spontaneous recovery of adhesive capsulitis is said to take _______________ months in duration.

Back 17

12-24

Front 18

Patients electing to have ACL surgery can expect to return to their previous functional level in _______________________.

Back 18

four to six months

Front 19

Physical therapy for adhesive capsulitis is usually prescribed on an outpatient basis for _______________________ after diagnosis.

Back 19

3-5 months

Front 20

An achilles tendon rupture typically occurs within ____________________ above the tendinous insertion on the calcaneous.

Back 20

1-2 inches

Front 21

Incidence of an achilles tendon rupture is greatest between __________________ years of age without history of cal or heel pain.

Back 21

30-50

Front 22

Patients with an Achilles tendon rupture will typically be unable to stand on their toes and tend to exhibit a positive:

Back 22

Thompson Test

Front 23

What is the likely outcome of a course in PT for achilles tendon rupture:

Back 23

An unremarkable recovery, patient should return to previous LOF within 6-7 months.

Front 24

Characterized by the narrowing of arterial vessels that impedes the delivery of oxygenated blood to tissues.

Back 24

Arterial insufficiency ulcer

Front 25

Typically linked to the devlopment of arterial insufficiency ulcers.

Back 25

Peripheral artery disease

Front 26

Risk factors for arterial insufficiency ulcers:

Back 26

atherosclerosis, hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and smoking

Front 27

Arterial insufficiency ulcers typically heal by ______________________ with adequate blood supply and wound healing interventions.

Back 27

secondary intention

Front 28

Characteritics of arterial insufficiency ulcers:

Back 28

dorsum of foot, lateral malleolus and toes; defined edges; painful; minimal exudate; most pain occurring when limb is in non-dependent position; absent or diminshed pulse.

Front 29

An ABI of _____________ or less is indicative of moderate arterial blockage, increasing the likelihood of ulcer development

Back 29

0.79

Front 30

Characteristics of venous insufficiency ulcer:

Back 30

shallow, irregular edges; moderate to heavy exudate; min to mod pain in dependent position relieved with elevation; hemosiderin staining; pulse present but also edema present

Front 31

Increased incidence of bicipital tendonitis is associated with selected athletic activities such as:

Back 31

baseball pitching, swimming, rowing, gymnastics, and tennis

Front 32

Characterized by subjective reports of a deep ache directly in front and on top of the shoulder made worse with overhead activities or lifting.

Back 32

Bicipital tendonitis

Front 33

Examination for bicipital tendonitis may reveal a positive test for:

Back 33

Yergason's or Speed's Test

Front 34

Most patients with bicipital tendonitis are successful with conservative treatment and are able to return to their activities after an average of __________________ of PT and rehab.

Back 34

6-8 weeks

Front 35

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome incidence is higher in _______________ with the most common age being from ________________ years of age.

Back 35

females; 35-55

Front 36

Carpal tunnel syndrome may result in muscle atrophy that is often noted in the __________________ and later in the ____________ muscles.

Back 36

abductor pollicis brevis; thenar

Front 37

Can be used to assist with confirming the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome:

Back 37

Electromyography sudies, Tinel's sign, Phalen's test

Front 38

PT should improve a patient's symptoms from carpal tunnel syndrome in ____________________ weeks; if surgical intervention is needed, rehab may last ___________________.

Back 38

4-6 weeks; 6-8 weeks

Front 39

Typically affects the distal lower extremities and is characterized by venous incompetence and resultant venous hypertension

Back 39

Chronic venous insufficiency

Front 40

Symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency include:

Back 40

edema, feelings of heaviness, and dull, aching pain in the distal lower extremities, though itching and tingling sensations may also occur.

Front 41

Symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency generally improve and may resolve fully with _______________, however, reappear once dependent positioning is resumed.

Back 41

elevation

Front 42

Frequently occurs when an indivdual reaches forward with their hands while attempting to break a fall; characterized by a transverse fracture of the distal radius.

Back 42

Colles' Fracture

Front 43

Trauma related to a Colles' Fracture is commonly termed:

Back 43

FOOSH injury (Fall on outstretched hand)

Front 44

Preferred method of confirming Colles' Fracture and identifying displaced fragments or damage to adjacent bony structures.

Back 44

X-ray of the wrist

Front 45

Occurs when the right ventricle is unable to effectively pump blood due to the prolonged presence of pulmonary hypertension and increased right ventricular afterload.

Back 45

Cor pulmonale

Front 46

Initially, symptoms of cor pulmonale are primarily associated with underlying pulmonary pathology; as the condition advances, symptoms may include:

Back 46

peripheral pitting edema and jugular vein distention

Front 47

Cor pulmonale is most commonly diagnosed by means of:

Back 47

clinical findings, medical history, echocardiogram, laboratory tests, chest x-ray, and electrocardiography

Front 48

A specific form of inflammatory bowel disease in which the lining of the Gi tract becomes abnormally inflamed.

Back 48

Crohn's Disease

Front 49

Symptoms of Crohn's disease range from mild to significantly life-threatening. Symptoms may develop gradually or rapidly and typically include:

Back 49

abdominal pain, cramping, diarrhea, blood in the stool, GI tract ulcers, diminished appetite, and weight loss

Front 50

Results from diminished myocardial perfusion, most commonly caused by narrowing of one or more of the coronary arteries (due to embolism, atherosclerosis, inflammation)

Back 50

Angina Pectoris

Front 51

Angina pectoris is often described as:

Back 51

an uncomfortable or painful feeling of tightness, pressure, fullness, or squeezing in the center of the chest.

Front 52

Cauda Equina syndrome is considered to be a ____________________ and results from damage and loss of function involving two or more nerves of the cauda equina.

Back 52

peripheral nerve injury

Front 53

Cauda equina syndrome may result from compression on the cauda equina nerve roots, including:

Back 53

spinal structure pathology, trauma, infectious conditions, tumor or iatrogenic factors.

Front 54

A noncontagious bacterial skin infection occurring in the dermal and subcutaneous tissue.

Back 54

Cellulitis

Front 55

Cellulitis typically presents with visible signs of inflammation including:

Back 55

localized redness, warmth, tenderness, and edema that progressively worsens

Front 56

Occurs as a result of athersclerotic plaque buildup within the coronary arteries; develops slowly, often going unnoticed for years before producing symtptoms.

Back 56

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

Front 57

Risk factors for CAD include:

Back 57

hypertension, diabetes, obesity, chronic kidney disease, elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and a family history of the condition

Front 58

____________ cerebral palsy involves upper motor neuron damage; ______________ cerebral palsy involves damage to the cerebellum, cerebellar pathways or both

Back 58

Spastic; athetoid

Front 59

Clinical presentation includes motor delays, abdnormal muscle tone and motor control, reflex abnormalities, poor postural control and balance impairments.

Back 59

Cerebral Palsy

Front 60

Present in 50-60% of children diagnosed with cerebral palsy.

Back 60

Mental retardation and epilepsy

Front 61

The most common causative factor of cerebral palsy

Back 61

Prenatal cerebral hypoxia

Front 62

Two main types of CVA:

Back 62

Ischemic and hemorrhagic

Front 63

Left side CVA may present with:

Back 63

weakness or paralysis to the right side, imapired processing, heightened frustration, aphasia, dysphagia, and motor apraxia

Front 64

Right side CVA may present with:

Back 64

weakness or paralysis to the left side, poor attention span, impaired awareness and judgment, spatial deficits, memory deficits, emotional lability, and impulsive behavior.

Front 65

73% of patients sustaining a stroke are greater than __________ years old.

Back 65

65

Front 66

The first ___________ months after a stroke typically reveals the most measurable neurological recovery and is usually a good indicator of long-term outcome. Research indicates that a patient can continue to improve the control of movement and show progress for an average of ________________ post CVA.

Back 66

3 months; 2-3 years

Front 67

Common etiologies contributing to CHF:

Back 67

arrhythmia, pulmonary embolism, hypertension, valvular heart disease, myocarditis, unstable angina, renal failure, and severe anemia

Front 68

______________ heart failure is generally associated with signs of pulmonary venous congestion; ___________________ heart failure is associated with signs of systemic venous congestion.

Back 68

Left-sided; Right-Sided

Front 69

Diminished cardiac output from CHF causes compensatory changes including:

Back 69

an increase in blood volume, cardiac filling pressure, heart rate, and cardiac muscle mass

Front 70

There is a median survival rate of _______________ for males and ____________ for females after a diagnosis of CHF.

Back 70

3.2 years; 5.4 years

Front 71

Causes the exocrine glands to overproduce thick mucus which causes subsequent obstruction

Back 71

Cystic Fibrosis

Front 72

Autosomal recessive genetic disorder located on the long arm of chromosome 7

Back 72

Cystic Fibrosis

Front 73

The most common cause of death for Cystic Fibrosis is __________________--

Back 73

Respiratory failure

Front 74

CF is the most common lethal genetic disorder affecting ___________________ children in the US.

Back 74

Caucasian

Front 75

Sole diagnostic tool for CF:

Back 75

The quantitative pilocarpine iontophoresis sweat test (result of >60 mEq/l of sodium and chloride)

Front 76

Caused by the weakening of joints that allows for forward slippage of one vertebral segment on the one below due to degenerative changes

Back 76

Degenerative spondylolisthesis

Front 77

Most common site of degenerative spondylolisthesis

Back 77

L4-L5

Front 78

May be indicated for degenerative spondylolisthesis

Back 78

William's flexion exercises to strengthen the abdominals and reduce lumbar lordosis

Front 79

Degenerative spondylolisthesis usually affects individuals over ___________ years of age and is more common with _______________________ and _______________.

Back 79

50; African Americans; Women

Front 80

Characterized by an inappropriate cellular response to insulin, preventing adequate absorption of blood glucose; excess blood glucose results in a persistent hyperglycemic state

Back 80

Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2)

Front 81

Type 2 DM may develop slowly prior to showing initial symptoms that can include:

Back 81

polydipsia, polyuria, blurred vision, delayed healing, frequent infections, and acantosis nigricans

Front 82

Patients with a family history of Type 2 DM, who are over ____ years of age or who are of _________________ descent are at increased risk for development.

Back 82

45; African, Asian, Hispanic, American Indian

Front 83

A random blood glucose measure of __________ or higher is suggestive of DM. Fasting blood glucose measures of greater than _____________ is considered to be indicative of DM.

Back 83

200 mg/dL; 125 mg/dL

Front 84

Type 2 DM accounts for greater than _____ of all DM cases diagnosed.

Back 84

90%

Front 85

GH - anterior dislocation typically invloves a forceful external blow or loading force when the shoulder is in a position that combines:

Back 85

abduction, lateral rotation, extension

Front 86

Most common form of hyperactive thyroid disorder and is the result of an autoimmune attack on the thyroid gland causing overproduction of the hormone thyroxine (T4)

Back 86

Graves' Disease

Front 87

General complaints from Graves' disease:

Back 87

heat intolerance, increased appetite, increased sweating, frequent bowel movements, physical fatigue, weakness, tremor, weight loss and insomnia

Front 88

Graves' disease management typically responds well to pharmacological intervention that regulates ________ hormone production.

Back 88

T4

Front 89

A condition in which blood pressure is persistently elevated; measured as systolic blood pressure greater than 140 mm Hg and diastolic greater than 90 mm Hg

Back 89

Hypertension

Front 90

Symptoms of hypertension may not be recognized until blood pressure becomes dangerously high producing:

Back 90

a headache, confusion, visual changes, fatigue, arrhythmia or tinnitus

Front 91

Graves' disease is most prevalent in _________ over ________ years of age.

Back 91

women; 20

Front 92

Results from abnormally high levels of cortisol which may occur due to endogenous overproduction of cortisol or excessive exogenous use of corticosteroids.

Back 92

Cushing's syndrome

Front 93

May be diagnosed by laboratory analysis of cortisol levels in urine, saliva or blood

Back 93

Cushing's syndrome

Front 94

Typically present with hallmark physical signs including weight gain, purple striae, a ruddy complexion, moon face and buffalo hump

Back 94

Cushing's syndrome

Front 95

There is a significantly greater prevalence of Cushing's syndrome among ___________ with the onset of symptoms between _________________ years of age.

Back 95

women; 25-40

Front 96

Refers to the abnormal movement of partially digested solids, liquids, and gastric acid from the stomach into the esophagus.

Back 96

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Front 97

Considered a complex form of arthritis resulting from an abnormally high uric acid level (hyperuricemia) in the body.

Back 97

Gout

Front 98

Gout has a greater prevalence among ______________ with the ____________________________________ being the most commonly affected joints; may present as a chronic condition or a series of acute attacks.

Back 98

males; great toe, knee, and ankle

Front 99

Identification of uric acid crystals in synovial fluid, collected via synovial biopsy, may be used to confirm the diagnosis of:

Back 99

Gout

Front 100

Responsible for outbreaks of "chickenpox" in children and herpes zoster ("shingles") in adults

Back 100

Varicella zoster virus (VZV)

Front 101

Symptoms typically begin with a unilateral painful itching or burning sensation caused by the virus' initial attack on the nerve fibers.

Back 101

Herpes Zoster, "Shingles"

Front 102

Insulin is functionally absent due to the destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas; where the insulin would normally be produced

Back 102

Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1)

Front 103

Form of diabetes mellitus that starts in children ages four years or older, with the peak incidence of onset coinciding with early adolescence and puberty.

Back 103

Type 1

Front 104

Common symptoms of DM type 1:

Back 104

polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, nausea, weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, and dehydration

Front 105

This form of DM is significantly linkked to a person's lifestyle, weight, and age.

Back 105

Type 2

Front 106

Clinical manifestations of Down Syndrome:

Back 106

hypotonia, flattened nasal bridge, Simian line (palmar crease), epicanthal folds, enlargement of the tongue, and developmental delay

Front 107

Detection of Down syndrome occurs in approximately _________% of women tested that are carrying a baby with Down Syndrome.

Back 107

60-70%

Front 108

Trisomy 21

Back 108

Down Syndrome

Front 109

X-linked recessive trait manifesting in only male offspring while female offspring become carriers

Back 109

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Front 110

Clinical presentation of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy:

Back 110

waddling gait, proximal muscle weakness, toe walking, pseudohypertrophy of the calf, and difficulty climbing stairs

Front 111

Method of getting up from floor for individuals with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy:

Back 111

Gowers' Maneuver

Front 112

There is usually a rapid progression of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy with the inability to ambulated by ________ years of age with death occurring as _________________.

Back 112

10-12; as a teenager or less frequently int he 20s

Front 113

Death from Duchenne muscular dystrophy usually occurs primarily from __________________ complications.

Back 113

cardiopulmonary

Front 114

Results from a long history of chronic bronchitis, recurrent alveolar inflammation or from genetic predisposition of a congenital alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency

Back 114

Emphysema

Front 115

Clinical presentation of emphysema:

Back 115

barrel chest appearance, increased subcostal angle, rounded shoulders secondary to tight pectorals, and rosy skin coloring

Front 116

Symptoms of emphysema worsen with the progression of the disease and include a persistent ________, ________________, difficulty ______________________________, and an increased ______________________.

Back 116

cough, wheezing, difficulty breathing especially with expiration, and an increased respiration rate

Front 117

Emphysema results from a non-reversible injury and destruction of elastin protein within the _________________.

Back 117

alveolar walls

Front 118

Nonarticular rheumatic condition with pain caused by tender points within muscles, tendons, and ligaments.

Back 118

Fibromyalgia Syndrome

Front 119

Fibromyalgia Syndrome has a greater incidence in ________________(almost 75% of the cases) potentially affecting any age.

Back 119

females

Front 120

Fibromyalgia presents with a widespread history of pain that exists in all four quadrants of the body, axial pain is present, and there is pain in at least ____ of the 18 standardized "tender point" sites.

Back 120

11

Front 121

Exercise with a patient with fibromyalgia syndrome:

Back 121

Should not work through pain. Requre exercise sessions initially (3-5 minutes) due to a low tolerance for exertion.

Front 122

Burn causes immediate cellular and tissue death and subsequent vascular destruction; eschar forms from necrotic cells and creates a dry and hard layer that requires debridement; absent sensation and pain due to destruction of free nerve endings, however, there may be pain from adjacent areas that experience less severe burns.

Back 122

Full-Thickness Burn

Front 123

During the initial states of a full thickness burn, the patient will experience:

Back 123

thermoregulation impairment, shortness of breath, electrolyte distrubances, poor urine output, and variation in level of consciousness

Front 124

Results in motor weakness in a distal to proximal progression, sensory impairment, and possible respiratory paralysis.

Back 124

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Front 125

Etiology of this disease is unknown, however, it is hypothesized to be an autoimmune response to a previous respiratory infection, influenza, immunization or surgery.

Back 125

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Front 126

Primary risk factors for contracting HIV include:

Back 126

unprotected sexual relations, intravenous drug use or mother to fetus transmission

Front 127

Patients with HIV may be "symptom free" for ______________ post infection or may exhibit flu-like symptoms including rash and fever

Back 127

1-2 years

Front 128

Leading cause of death for patients with HIV

Back 128

kidney failure secondary to the extended drug therapies

Front 129

Typically occurs due to significant inversion and involves the lateral ligament complex of the ankle.

Back 129

Lateral Ankle Sprain

Front 130

Most commonly damaged ligament with a lateral ankle sprain

Back 130

Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)

Front 131

A lateral ankle sprain - grade II should heal fairly quickly if no other structures are involved and will return to the previous functional level within __________________.

Back 131

2-6 weeks

Front 132

Characterized by inflammation or degenerative changes at the common extensor tendon of the wrist.

Back 132

Lateral epicondylitis "tennis elbow"

Front 133

Repeated overuse of the wrist extensors, particularly the _____________________ can produce tensile stress and result in microscopic tearing and damge to the extensor tendon resulting in lateral epicondylitis.

Back 133

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Front 134

Clinical symptoms of lateral epicondylitis

Back 134

difficulty holding or gripping objects and insufficient forearm functional strength

Front 135

Return to previous level of function following MCL sprain - grade II should occur within ______________________ following the injury if no other associated structures are involved.

Back 135

4-8 weeks

Front 136

There are multiple subtypes of Guillain-Barre Syndrome, but the classic type involves acute onset of symptoms with peak impairment within ________________, followed by a __________________________ static period and gradual recovery that can take ______________________.

Back 136

4 weeks; 2-4 weeks; months to years

Front 137

Special test for anterior talofibular ligament (lateral ankle sprain)

Back 137

Anterior drawer test

Front 138

Chronic progressive genetic disorder that is fatal within 15-20 years after clinical manifestation.

Back 138

Huntington's Disease

Front 139

Huntington's disease is characterized by degeneration and atrophy of the __________________ (specifically the __________________) and cerebral cortex within the brain

Back 139

Basal ganglia; striatum

Front 140

Clinical presentation of Huntington's disease:

Back 140

enlarged ventricles secondary to atrophy of the basal ganglia; mental deterioration, speech disturbances, and ataxic gait

Front 141

Huntington's disease is genetically transmitted as an __________________________________ trait with the defect linked to chromosome four and to the gene identified as IT-15.

Back 141

autosomal dominant

Front 142

The average age to develop symptoms of Huntington's disease

Back 142

35-55 years old

Front 143

Autoimmune disorder found in children less than 16 yeras of age that occurs when the immune cells mistakenly begin to attack the joints and organs causing local and systemic effects throughout the body.

Back 143

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

Front 144

________ have a higher incidence of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and are most commonly diagnosed as toddlers or in early adolescence.

Back 144

Girls

Front 145

Clinical symptoms of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis:

Back 145

persistent joint swelling, pain, and stiffness

Front 146

Characterized by demyelination of the myelin sheaths that surround nerves within the brain and spinal cord resulting in plaque development, decreased nerve conduction velocity, and eventual failure of impulse transmission.

Back 146

Multiple Sclerosis

Front 147

Clinical symptoms of multiple sclerosis may include:

Back 147

visual problems, paresthesias, sensory changes, clumsiness, weakness, ataxia, balance dysfunction, and fatigue.

Front 148

Intervention for multiple sclerosis:

Back 148

regulation of activity level, relaxation and energy conservation techniques, normalization of tone, balance activities, gait training, and core stabilization

Front 149

The incidence of multiple sclerosis is higher in ________________ between the ages of ____________________ and is nearly twice as common in ________________.

Back 149

caucasians; 20-35 years old; women

Front 150

Most common subtype of multiple sclerosis:

Back 150

Relapsing-Remmitting MS

Front 151

Factors that influence exacerbations with MS include:

Back 151

heat, stress, infection, trauma and pregnancy

Front 152

Occurs when there is poor coronary artery perfusion, ischemia, and subsequent necrosis of the cardiac tissue usually due to thrombus, arterial blockage or atherosclerosis.

Back 152

Myocardial infarction

Front 153

Risk factors for myocardial infarction:

Back 153

patient or family history of heart disease, smoking, physical inactivity, stress, hypertension, elevated cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, and obesity

Front 154

Occurs most frequently in the diabetic population and are often referred to as diabetic ulcers.

Back 154

Neuropathic ulcer

Front 155

For neuropathic ulcers, exudate is typically _________________, pain is typically ________________ and surrounding tissue is ____________________

Back 155

minimal, minimal, shiny dry and inelastic

Front 156

Degenerative process primarily involving articular cartilage resulting from excessive loading of a healthy joint or normal loading of an abnormal joint

Back 156

Osteoarthritis

Front 157

Osteoarthritis is typically more common among ________ later in life with approximately 80-90% of individuals older than 65 years of age.

Back 157

women

Front 158

Metabolic bone disorder where the rate of bone resorption accelerates while the rate of bone formation slows down (osteoclast > osteoblast)

Back 158

Osteoporosis

Front 159

Most common sites of bone fractures in patients with osteoporosis:

Back 159

vertebrae, distal radius/ulna, femoral neck

Front 160

For patients with osteoporosis, should increase which vitamins?

Back 160

Vitamin D and calcium

Front 161

Degenerative disorder characterized by a decrease in production of dopamine (neurotransmitter) within the corpus striatum of the basal ganglia.

Back 161

Parkinson's Disease

Front 162

Clinical presentaiton of Parkinson's Disease

Back 162

hypokinesia, difficulty initiating and stopping movements, festinating and shuffling gait, bradykinesia, poor posture, and "cogwheel" or "lead pipe" rigidity

Front 163

Medical management of Parkinson's disease

Back 163

dopamine replacement agent (Levodopa, Sinemet, Madopar) which is designed to minimize bradykinesia, rigidity and tremor

Front 164

Burn that involves the epidermis and upper portion of the dermis

Back 164

Superficial partial-thickness

Front 165

burn that involves the epidermis, majority of the dermis, and structures within the dermis

Back 165

deep partial-thickness

Front 166

Characterized by red color that will blanch when touched

Back 166

Superficial partial-thickness burn

Front 167

Burn that is characterized by red discoloration, however, will not blanch

Back 167

deep partial-thickness

Front 168

Patellofemoral etiology is unknown, however, it is extremely common during adolescence, is more prevalent in _______________, and has a direct association with _____________________.

Back 168

females; activity level

Front 169

Management of patellofemoral syndrome:

Back 169

controlling edema, stretching, strengthening, improving range of motion, and activity modification

Front 170

Characterized by narrowing of the lumen of blood vessels causing a reduction in circulation usually secondary to atherosclerosis

Back 170

Peripheral Vascular Disease

Front 171

Risk factors for peripheral vascular disease:

Back 171

phlebitis, injury or surgery, autoimmune disease, diabetes mellitus, smokin, hyperlipidemia, inactivity, hypertension, positive family history, increased age, and obesity

Front 172

Chronic overuse condition that develops secondary to repetitive stretching of the plantar fascia through excessive foot pronation during the loading phase of gait.

Back 172

Plantar fasciitis

Front 173

Characterized by severe pain in the heel when first standing up in the morning (when contracted, stiff, and cold)

Back 173

plantar fasciitis

Front 174

Intervention for plantar fasciitis:

Back 174

ice massage, deep friction massage, heel insert, orthotic prescription, acitivty modification, and gentle stretching program of the Achilles tendon and plantar fascia

Front 175

Systemic autoimmune disorder of the connective tissue that is characterized by chronic inflammation within synovial membranes, tendon sheaths, and articular cartilage

Back 175

Rheumatoid arthritis

Front 176

Incidence of rheumatoid arthritis is three times greater in __________ and is diagnosed most frequently between ____________________ years of age

Back 176

females; 30-50

Front 177

Blood work assists with the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis through elevation of the:

Back 177

rheumatoid factor, white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hemoglobin, and hematocrit values

Front 178

Can assist in identifying supraspinatus pathology which may be indicative of a rotator cuff tear.

Back 178

drop arm test; empty can test

Front 179

Caused by an inability of a weak supraspinatus muscle to adequately depress the head of the humerus in the glenoid fossa during elevation of the arm.

Back 179

Rotator Cuff Tendonitis

Front 180

Patients may experience what with rotator cuff tendonitis?

Back 180

a feeling of weakness and identify the presence of a painful arc of motion most commonly occurring between 60-120 degrees of active abduction

Front 181

Characterized by low back and gluteal pain that typically radiates down the back of the thigh

Back 181

Sciatica

Front 182

Sciatica secondary to a herniated disk will increase:

Back 182

in a sitting position or when lifting, forward bending or twisting

Front 183

Factors associated with patellofemoral syndrome:

Back 183

patella alta; insufficient lateral femoral condyle; weak vastus medialis obliquus; excessive pronation; excessive knee valgus, and tightness in lower extremity muscles

Front 184

Patients diagnosed with patellofemoral syndrome typically have an increased Q angle. Males Q angle average _______ and females average _________.

Back 184

13 degrees; 18 degrees

Front 185

A patient with patellofemoral syndrome that undergoes conservative management may be able to return to their previous level of funcitoning within ________________.

Back 185

4-6 weeks

Front 186

Aka arteriosclerosis obliterans

Back 186

peripheral vascular disease

Front 187

Factors that contribute to the development of plantar fasciitis:

Back 187

excessive pronation during gait; tightness of the foot and calf musculature; obesity; and possessing a high arch.

Front 188

Conservative PT intervention on an outpatient basis in combination with a consistent home programs should allow the patient with plantar fasciitis to return to a more funcitonal level within ____________________.

Back 188

8 weeks

Front 189

A definition of unrelieved pressure (pressure ulcer) is ______________ mm Hg of pressure to an area for more than 2 hours.

Back 189

>32

Front 190

Most patients with sciatica secondary to a herniated disk improve with conservative treatment over a __________________ period.

Back 190

2-4 month

Front 191

A reversible scoliosis curve that can change with repositioning.

Back 191

non-structural scoliosis